Greenhouse Gas Emission Study and Model for Swine Barn Operations. Two Topics for This Talk. Both efforts were funded by the National Pork Board

Transcription

1 Greenhouse Gas Emission Study and Model for Swine Barn Operations Dr. Rick Ulrich University of Arkansas (479) Webinar 1 Two Topics for This Talk How much GHG is emitted from pig farms? From where? Univ. of Arkansas Study, Greg Thoma was lead, gthoma@uark.edu What can be done to lower those emissions? The Live Swine Carbon Footprint Calculator Rick Ulrich is lead, rulrich@uark.edu Version 1 released by the NPB May 2011 Both efforts were funded by the National Pork Board 2 The Emission Study Purpose: Determine the amounts and sources of GHG emissions from the pork supply chain. Focused on GHG emissions, expressed as CO 2e CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, refrigerants Scope was cradle-to-grave = from growing feed to throwing away the bones Data obtained from literature, government, NPB, databases, but not from actual farms. 3

2 Where are GHG s Emitted from the Pork Supply Chain? 4 Relative Contributions from the Supply Chain Pig farms contribute only 0.35% of U.S. GHG emissions. 5 Pork Compared to Other Protein Sources We calculated: 2.87 lb CO 2e /lb live weight 3.83 lb CO 2e /lb dressed carcass 5.90 lb CO 2e /lb boneless meat 6

3 33.5% 27.7% 18.6% 8.2% 5.9% 5.2% 0.8% 100.0% Pig farms contribute 0.35% of U.S. GHG emissions. 5.0% 1.5% 0.7% 0.6% 0.3% 8.2% 61% 18% 9% 7% 4% 100% 7 Conclusions from the Emission Study Manure and feed are the most important contributors of GHG from the pork supply chain. Energy savings would not have a profound impact on GHG emissions for the pork farm solar cells on top of barns won t help much. Emissions from manure can be profoundly affected by farm location. due to temperature effects Emissions from feed are affected by farm location. fertilizer, transportation, availability effects 8 The Model A predictive tool for determining the impact of choices in farm operations and hardware. You describe your farm, it tells you how much GHG emitted and from where. 9

4 The NPB GHG Model Predicts Emissions From... Feed Production fertilizer production, crop production raw materials, fuels, delivery from mill to pork farm Manure Systems CH 4, N 2 O from various treatment and holding systems application to field by truck or umbilical hose Barn Heating and Cooling database of temperature and humidity for 630 locations in U.S. natural gas, liquid propane vent and forced cooling fans cooling cells piglet heaters by lamp or pad (for sow barn) Barn Lighting Water Acquisition well, piped-in Disposal of Dead Animals inceneration, composting, rendering Gilt Delivery (for sow barn) trucking fuels 10 Example: Sow Barn in Wright County, IA 11 Inputs are designed to be information the farmer would know or could easily find out. 12

5 Subfloor + Lagoon Subfloor + Outside Storage Deep Pit Pasture Daily Spread Solid Storage Dry Lot Deep Bedding Compost Pile 13 User doesn t have to know the quantity of feed used, the program knows how much a pig eats. The program has 63 feeds in its database. 14 The program calculates the amount of electricity and heating fuels required to meet the barn s heating/cooling requirements for the local climate. 15

6 Output: Feed Consumption and Related Emissions The program predicts feed consumption based on published animal models and barn population profile. 16 Output: Methane and Nitrous Oxide from Manure Systems 17 Output: Electricity, Fuel and Water Consumption 18

7 Output: Greenhouse Gas Emission Summary 19 The Demographic Model, What s Going on in the Barn? The calculator does not use an average pig approach. Our philosophy is to track: Every Pig Every Day... to get a one-year average for the operation. Start of Day For this Pig Does it die? Is it culled? Is it a gilt being added into the herd? Is it a piglet to be removed? Does it farrow? Is it impregnated? How much heat does it give off? How much does it eat? How much manure does it produce? How old is it? How much weight does it gain? 20 Emissions from Barn Heating and Cooling The model calculates the electricity to the cooling and venting fans and the gas or propane to the barn heaters every hour of every day based on local hourly temperature and relative humidity. lights outside temperature cooling cells heat from pigs vent fans piglet heaters number, power and efficiency of fans electricity required gas/propane required Convert to Emissions kg CO 2e /year 21

8 Emissions from Manure Storage/Handing The demographic model calculates the amount of manure produced and this is passed on to an emission model. inside temperature kg manure produced outside temperature subfloor emptying schedule Calculate Gas Emissions Subfloor then Lagoon Subfloor then Outside Storage Deep Pit Pasture Deep Bedding manure application schedule fraction volatile solids in manure manure distribution method (truck, umbilical) kg CH 4 /year kg N 2 O/year Convert to CO 2e kg CO 2e /year 22 We ll run the example case I just showed you in Wright County IA and change just the manure handling method: Subfloor then Lagoon Subfloor then Outside Storage Deep Pit 23 Manure Handling: Subfloor then Lagoon 24

9 Manure Handling: Subfloor then Outside Storage 25 Manure Handling: Deep Pit 26 We ll compare Subfloor then Lagoon in Wright County IA and in Duplin County NC 27

10 Subfloor then Lagoon Wright County, IA Duplin County, NC 28 Wright County, IA Duplin County, NC Warmer climate in NC results in increased manure decomposition to methane in the lagoon. 29 Wright County, IA Duplin County, NC Warmer climate in NC requires more electricity for cooling fans but less natural gas for barn heating. Net emissions from heating + cooling less in NC. 30

11 Let s look at the environmental economy of scale. Sow Barn with 100, 200, 1000 and 5000 sows Wright County, Iowa 80% replacement/yr with gilts 5% sow mortaility/yr 8 ft 2 /pig subfloor + lagoon spreading by truck natural gas, forced ventilation, cooling cells, piglet heating pads 31 Emissions per kg market sow decreases with the size of operation kg CO 2e / kg live market sow Number of Sows in Barn 32 Coming Soon: We re adding an econ module. Inputs Location Size of Operation # pigs, cullilng, delivery Barn Characteristics Type of Manure System treatment, spreading Types of Feed Heating/Cooling System Water Consumption Farm Model Predicts Pig Population Profile age, weight, farrowing Feed Consumed Manure Produced Electricity Used Fuels Used GHG Model Calculates CO 2, N 2 O and CH 4 Emissions by source in farm Economic Model Operating cost calculations Cost of Reduced Emissions $ / kg CO 2e reduced emission 33

12 Conclusion The Univ. of Arkansas + National Pork Board Emission Study and Greenhouse Gas Emission Model provide detailed understanding and prediction of GHG releases from pork operations. Taken together this is one of the most comprehensive treatments of GHG issues in agriculture. The model predicts resource consumption on the farm, and will soon be mated with an economic module to estimate cost tradeoffs. 34