Ecosystem services and wetland restoration

Transcription

1 Ecosystem services and wetland restoration Michael Trepel 1, Jürgen Augustin 2, Bettina Holsten 1 & Dominik Zak 3 1 : Ecology-Centre, Christian-Albrecht s-university, Kiel 2 : Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung e.v., Müncheberg 3 : Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin Trepel, Augustin, Holsten & Zak 1

2 Introduction & Questions The concept of Ecosystem Services implies that functions can be improved through restoration. This hypothesis open up questions: Which processes control ecosystem services? Are these processes restorable? How do we set priorities for restoration goals? Processes Case studies Conclusions Trepel, Augustin, Holsten & Zak 2

3 Processes controlling ecosystem services Ecosystem Service Indicator Main Process Controlling Factor Restorability Spatial Factor Water quality N-retention denitrification NO 3 -N- & C availability fast Water flow Water quality P-retention sedimentation velocity, SS-load fast Water flow Water quality N-leaching leaching land use; water levels fast - Water quality P-leaching leaching land use; water levels medium - Global climate Global Warming Potential CO 2 -, CH 4 -, N 2 O-emissions water levels fast - slow Water flow Global climate carbon stocks accumulation water levels slow Water flow Biodiversity vegetation succession species pool, nutrient status, water levels medium not restorable Dispersal Biodiversity fauna succession species pool, vegetation structure medium not restorable Dispersal Flood protection flooding area water flow longitudinal connectivity fast Water flow Listed are main processes and factors; Water flow includes groundwater and surface water flow; greenhouse gas emissions are caused by several processes Trepel, Augustin, Holsten & Zak 3

4 Case study I: Dosenmoor Mire type: Raised bog Size: 520 ha Hydrological setting: isolated on basin boundary Trepel, Augustin, Holsten & Zak 4

5 Case study I: Dosenmoor Isolated location on basin boundary Trepel, Augustin, Holsten & Zak 5

6 Case study I: Dosenmoor Mire type: Raised bog Size: 520 ha Hydrological setting: isolated on basin boundary Past land use: Peat cutting Rewetted since 1980 s Protected as NATURA 2000 site Present land use: partly grazed by sheep Water levels at present: mostly near surface Trepel, Augustin, Holsten & Zak 6

7 Case study I: Dosenmoor 1) Relief and water level under natural conditions 2) Relief and water level before restoration 3) Relief and water level after restoration Trepel, Augustin, Holsten & Zak 7

8 Ecosystem Services offered by Dosenmoor Ecosystem Service Indicator Service offered Service efficiency before restoration Service efficiency after restoration Further Measures Water quality N-retention No Water quality P-retention No Water quality N-leaching Yes Medium High - Water quality P-leaching Yes Medium High - Global climate Global climate Global Warming Potential Carbon stocks Yes Low Medium High Yes Low Medium High Biodiversity Vegetation Yes Medium High High Biodiversity Fauna Yes Medium High High Flood protection Flooding area Keep water level at surface and establish buffer zone at bog margin Prevent tree establishment in some parts, allow succession in wet parts No Trepel, Augustin, Holsten & Zak 8

9 Case study II: Pohnsdorfer Stauung Mire type: terrestrialisation fen Size: 300 ha Hydrological setting: depression connected to river system Trepel, Augustin, Holsten & Zak 9

10 Case study II: Pohnsdorfer Stauung Depression connected to river network Trepel, Augustin, Holsten & Zak 10

11 Case study II: Pohnsdorfer Stauung Mire type: terrestrialisation fen Size: 300 ha Hydrological setting: depression connected to river system Past land use: agricultural grassland Rewetted since 1990 s Not Protected Present land use: partly grazed by cattle Water levels at present: mostly near surface Trepel, Augustin, Holsten & Zak 11

12 Case study II: Pohnsdorfer Stauung 1) Relief and water level under natural conditions 2) Relief and water level before restoration 3) Relief and water level after restoration Trepel, Augustin, Holsten & Zak 12

13 Ecosystem Services offered by Pohnsdorf Ecosystem Service Indicator Service offered Service efficiency before restoration Service efficiency after restoration Further Measures Water quality N-retention Yes Low Medium Water quality P-retention Yes Low Medium Improve connection to river network Water quality N-leaching Yes Low Medium - Water quality P-leaching Yes Low Medium - Global climate Global Warming Potential Yes Low High - Global climate Carbon stocks Yes Low High - Biodiversity Vegetation Yes Low Medium - Biodiversity Fauna Yes Low High - Flood protection Flooding area Yes Low High - Trepel, Augustin, Holsten & Zak 13

14 Conclusions The concept of Ecosystem Services implies that functions can be improved through restoration. Ecosystem services offered by wetlands are controlled by biogeochemical, physical and ecological processes. The restorability of these processes is determined by site-specific (e.g. land use history) and spatial factors. Restoration goals must be priorized on wetland site scale. Using Ecosystem services for wetland restoration has to combine process knowledge with site-specific features. Trepel, Augustin, Holsten & Zak 14

15 Thank you Trepel, Augustin, Holsten & Zak 15