2.24 VIENGPHOUKA THERMAL PROJECT

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1 2.24 VIENGPHOUKA THERMAL PROJECT The Viengphouka Thermal Project is a mine-mouth coal-fired base load power generation project located in Luangnamtha Province. The Consultant has evaluated the Project using: Existing field data no new field data was collected; SCOPE thermal project evaluation software; Spreadsheet calculation of specific generation costs. The technical and economic characteristics of the Project are summarized in the following table. The SCOPE outputs and spreadsheet calculation of specific generation cost are provided. Some environmental and social costs are accounted for in the SCOPE evaluation. Emission control equipment sufficient to comply with international air emission standards is allowed for in the project s capital and operating costs. Concerns about global warming have increased opposition to coal-fired thermal projects in recent years. New generation emission control equipment is under development and this could improve the economic and environmental performance of Vienphouka. Parameters and Performance of Vienphouka Project Market Domestic Central Grid Installed Capacity (MW) 50 Fuel Cost ($/tonne) 22 Fuel Heating Value (HHV) (MJ / tonne) 19.1 Fuel Consumption (mill tones p.a.) Gross Heat Rate (LHV) (kj / kwh) 15,000 Plant Factor (%) 85% Gross energy production (GWh p.a.) 372 Station Own Use (%) 7.4% Specific Investment Cost ($ / kw) 804 Average cost of energy ( /kwh) 4.05 Weighted average cost of energy ( /kwh) 4.83 At 50 MW, the Viengphouka proposal is small for a coal plant and lacks the economies of scale important for such plants. However, the properties of the coal it would burn are superior to those of the Hongsa deposit. If Viengphouka were to be constructed to international standards, it would be uneconomic and Chinese prices were used to improve the viability of the project. Power System Development Plan August 2004 Final Report Vol C: Project Catalogue 51

2 As a standalone project, Viengpoukha s economics are reasonable. The economic weighted average cost of generation was estimated to be 4.83 /kwh, based on a plant factor in excess of 80%. This result is not directly comparable with the calculated weighted average costs of generation for competing hydropower plants quoted in this report. Project performance was also assessed within the context of the EdL system. A thermal project operating within a hydropower system will be lower in the dispatch order and will achieve low levels of utilization during wetter than average years to minimize spill from the hydropower reservoirs. The lower levels of utilization over the life of the plant increase the cost of energy from Viengphouka and detract from its ranking against the better hydropower sites. However, the Project is ideally located to provide system benefits for the northern part of the Central Grid including voltage support, loss reduction, supply security and diversification of generation. A prefeasibility study would confirm the Project s generation costs, environmental impacts and system performance. Power System Development Plan August 2004 Final Report Vol C: Project Catalogue 52

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5 2.25 XE KAMAN 1 HYDROPOWER PROJECT The Xe Kaman 1 Hydropower Project is to be located on the Xe Kaman river, approximately 85 km upstream of its confluence with the Xe Kong and the town of Attapeu. The project involves the construction of a 184 m dam in a narrow gorge creating a reservoir of 224 km 2. The Project is envisaged primarily as an export project supplying Thailand or Vietnam. An exclusive mandate to develop the site was awarded to a developer in The Project layout is shown in the attached figure and consists of a dam with a powerhouse at its base relying exclusively on the head created by the dam. The developer s chosen layout involves a reservoir FSL of 300 m asl and an installed capacity of 468MW project. The economic performance of this arrangement is good, though its environmental impacts and long reservoir filling time would add to the difficulty in securing finance. Smaller versions of the Project have been found to also perform well. The Project was studied to feasibility level in February 1995 and an EIA is understood to be under preparation. The PSDR evaluation assumes that the Project s transmission line would interconnect at the 500 kv Ban Sok collector sub-station on the Bolavens Plateau. The Consultant evaluated the Project using: Existing field data no new field data was collected; Updated hydrology (1966 to 2002 streamflow series); EVALS hydropower dimensioning and evaluation software; SESAMEE environmental and social impact assessment. The EVALS outputs are provided. Some environmental and social costs are accounted for in the EVALS evaluation and are reflected in the program outputs. The project s wider impacts have been assessed using SESAMEE and are internalized into the evaluations reported in Section 6 of Volume A, Main Report. The technical and economic characteristics of the Project are summarized in the following table. No project interactions were assumed in determining these outputs. The Project was modeled with Xe Kaman 3 but it was found to have little effect due to the full regulation provided by Xe Kaman 1 s large reservoir. If a smaller configuration of the Project is adopted, the regulation of the river provided by Xe Kaman 3 would be of greater benefit. Power System Development Plan August 2004 Final Report Vol C: Project Catalogue 53

6 Technical and Economic Data (Source: EVALS Output): Development: Installed Capacity Factor 1.75 Contractual status Concession Level of study Feasibility Access Roads: New road 23 km Rehabilitation 35 km Hydrology: Name of river Xe Kaman Av. annual precipitation (dam site) 2,099 mm/a Ave. Reservoir Inflow m 3 /s Reservoir: Full supply level (FSL) 300 m asl Minimum operating level (MOL) 284 m asl Max storage volume (FSL) 17,400 hm 3 Active storage volume 3,340 hm 3 Maximum reservoir area (FSL) km 2 Reservoir filling time 39.5 months Dam: Main dam type Concrete Faced Rockfill Maximum height 184 m Crest length 450 m Diversion: Design discharge m 3 /s Tunnel Diameter 2.6 m Tunnel Length 820 m Spillway: Spillway type Ungated Ogee Design discharge 1,260 m 3 /s Power Station: Type Surface Number of units 3 Turbine type Francis Turbine rated head 167 m Transmission: Line Length 33 km Voltage 220 kv Output: Installed Capacity 468 MW Guaranteed capacity (95%) Average generation Primary generation (95% firm) Secondary generation 413 MW 2,086 GWh p.a. 1,954 GWh p.a. 131 GWh p.a. Average plant factor 50 % Economic: Basic project cost (no esc. or IDC) 421 mus$ Capacity cost Average energy cost Weighted energy cost US$/kW 2.6 /kwh 2.7 /kwh 22 The calculation of weighted generation cost values secondary energy at half the value of primary energy based on a definition of primary energy as energy produced with 95% firmness. Power System Development Plan August 2004 Final Report Vol C: Project Catalogue 54

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11 2.26 XE KAMAN 3 HYDROPOWER PROJECT The Xe Kaman 3 Hydropower Project is located in Xe Kong Province. The size, location and economics of Xe Kaman 3 best fits the Project for the Vietnamese market. A mandate to develop the site has been given to a consortium including the Song Da Construction Company and EVN. The developer recently completed a feasibility study that confirms the promise indicated in earlier studies including Halcrow (1999) and Worley/Lahmeyer (2000). The Xe Kaman 3 is located on the Nam Paog-O, a tributary of the Xe Kaman in the upper Xe Kong Basin. The project evaluated in the PSDP is a storage project with a 128m concrete RCC dam creating a reservoir of 12 km 2. The stored flows are diverted to a cavern powerhouse downstream, developing a head of 550m from the dam and river gradient. The PSDP evaluation assumes a transmission length of 86 km, sufficient to interconnect directly to the EVN system or through the proposed 500 kv collector substation at Ban Sok on the Bolavens Plateau MW and 300 MW arrangements were optimized and evaluated under the PSDP. The evaluations employed: Existing field data no new field data was collected; Updated hydrology (1966 to 2002 streamflow series); EVALS hydropower dimensioning and evaluation software; SESAMEE environmental and social impact assessment. The technical and economic characteristics of the 300 MW layout are summarized in the following table and attached EVALS outputs. No project interactions were assumed in determining these outputs. Some environmental and social costs are accounted for in the EVALS evaluation and are reflected in the program outputs. The project s wider impacts have been assessed using SESAMEE and are internalized into the evaluations reported in Section 6 of Volume A, Main Report. Power System Development Plan August 2004 Final Report Vol C: Project Catalogue 55

12 Technical and Economic Data (300 MW Layout Source: EVALS Output): Development: Installed Capacity Factor 1.75 Contractual status Concession Level of study Feasibility Study Access Roads: New road 40 km Rehabilitation 90 km Hydrology: Name of river Xe Kaman Av. annual precipitation (dam site) 2,200 mm/a Ave. reservoir Inflow 33.1 m 3 /s Reservoir: Full supply level (FSL) 980 m asl Minimum operating level (MOL) 870 m asl Max storage volume (FSL) 467 hm 3 Active storage volume 467 hm 3 Maximum reservoir area (FSL) 12 km 2 Reservoir filling time 2.5 months Dam: Main dam type RCC Gravity Maximum height 128 m Crest length 430 m Diversion: Design discharge 1,680 m 3 /s Tunnel Diameter 12.4 m Tunnel Length 400 m Spillway: Spillway type Ungated Ogee Design discharge 2,700 m 3 /s Power Station: Type Cavern Number of units 3 Turbine type Pelton Turbine rated head 551 m Transmission: Line Length 86 km Voltage 230 kv Access Roads: Length of new road 40 km Length of rehabilitated road 90 km Output: Installed Capacity 300 MW Guaranteed capacity (95%) Average generation Primary generation (95% firm) Secondary generation 254 MW 1,369 GWh p.a. 1,222 GWh p.a. 146 GWh p.a. Average plant factor 52 % Economic: Basic project cost (no esc. or IDC) 278 mus$ Capacity cost Average energy cost Weighted energy cost 1,070 US$/kW 2.5 /kwh 2.6 /kwh Power System Development Plan August 2004 Final Report Vol C: Project Catalogue 56

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17 2.27 XE KATAM HYDROPOWER PROJECT The Xe Katam Hydropower Project in Champasak Province is a run-of-river project variously configured as a single project or two projects with an installed capacity in the range of 12 MW to 100 MW. Due to its size, location and economics, Xe Katam project is best suited for supplying the Southern Grid. The PSDP investigated and optimized a 12 MW development based on the single project layout. This option does not maximize the economic performance of the site but does preserve the natural beauty of the Xe Katam Falls. The present developer is understood to be developing new layouts that improve economic performance without compromising the aesthetic qualities of the site. The Consultant evaluated the Project using: Existing field data no new field data was collected; Updated hydrology (1966 to 2002 streamflow series); EVALS hydropower dimensioning and evaluation software; SESAMEE environmental and social impact assessment. The technical and economic characteristics of the Project are summarized in the following table. No project interactions were assumed in determining these outputs. The EVALS outputs are provided. Some environmental and social costs are accounted for in the EVALS evaluation and are reflected in the program outputs. The project s wider impacts have been assessed using SESAMEE and are internalized into the evaluations reported in Section 6 of Volume A, Main Report. Power System Development Plan August 2004 Final Report Vol C: Project Catalogue 57

18 Technical and Economic Data (Source: EVALS Output): Development: Installed Capacity Factor Run-of-river Contractual status MOU Level of study Prefeasibility Access Roads: New road 6 km Rehabilitation 18 km Hydrology: Name of river Xe Katam Av. annual precipitation (dam site) 1,944 mm/a Ave. Reservoir Inflow 9.0 m 3 /s Reservoir: Full supply level (FSL) m asl Minimum operating level (MOL) m asl Max storage volume (FSL) 0.32 hm 3 Active storage volume hm 3 Maximum reservoir area (FSL) 0.3 km 2 Reservoir filling time 0.5 months Dam: Main dam type Concrete Gravity Maximum height 18 m Crest length m Spillway: Spillway type Ungated Ogee Design discharge 811 m 3 /s Power Station: Type Surface Number of units 1 Turbine type Francis Turbine rated head 165 m Transmission: Line Length 22 km Voltage 115 kv Output: Installed Capacity 13 MW Guaranteed capacity (95%) Average generation Primary generation (95% firm) Secondary generation MW 61 GWh p.a. 11 GWh p.a. 49 GWh p.a. Average plant factor 54 % Economic: Basic project cost (no esc. or IDC) mus$ Capacity cost Average energy cost Weighted energy cost US$/kW 4.0 /kwh 6.8 /kwh 23 The calculation of weighted generation cost values secondary energy at half the value of primary energy based on a definition of primary energy as energy produced with 95% firmness. Power System Development Plan August 2004 Final Report Vol C: Project Catalogue 58

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23 2.28 XE KONG 4 HYDROPOWER PROJECT The Xe Kong 4 Hydropower Project is located in Xe Kong Province. Due to its size, location and economics, Xe Kong 4 project is envisaged primarily as an export project selling to Vietnam as its principal market. No exclusive mandate to develop the site presently exists. An earlier MOU held by Modular has been cancelled. The Project was studied by JICA to prefeasibility level in 1994 and Lahmeyer International prepared a prefeasibility report of the project in The project layout optimized and evaluated under the PSDP includes a reservoir FSL of 300 m asl and an installed capacity of 485 MW. is a hydropower project located on the Xe Kong in Kaleum District, Xe Kong Province. A 170 m dam creates a reservoir covering an area of 160 km 2 and extending approximately 65 km upstream. A surface powerhouse at the base of the dam produces about 2,200 GWh annually on average. The transmission line would be routed to the Ban Sok sub-station, a length of approximately 120 km. The layout is shown in the attached figure. The Consultant evaluated the Project using: Existing field data no new field data was collected; Updated hydrology (1966 to 2002 streamflow series); EVALS hydropower dimensioning and evaluation software; SESAMEE environmental and social impact assessment. The technical and economic characteristics of the Project are summarized in the following table. No interactions with other projects are assumed in determining these outputs. Simulations performed with Xe Kong 5 providing upstream regulation showed a 10% reduction on weighted generation cost. The EVALS outputs are provided. Some environmental and social costs are accounted for in the EVALS evaluation and are reflected in the program outputs. The project s wider impacts have been assessed using SESAMEE and are internalized into the evaluations reported in Section 6 of Volume A, Main Report. Power System Development Plan August 2004 Final Report Vol C: Project Catalogue 59

24 Technical and Economic Data (Source: EVALS Output): Development: Installed Capacity Factor 1.75 Contractual status MOU Level of study Prefeasibility Access Roads: New road 18 km Rehabilitation 14 km Hydrology: Name of river Xe Kong Av. annual precipitation (dam site) 1,631 mm/a Ave. Reservoir Inflow m 3 /s Reservoir: Full supply level (FSL) 300 m asl Minimum operating level (MOL) 285 m asl Max storage volume (FSL) 9,350 hm 3 Active storage volume 2,210hm 3 Maximum reservoir area (FSL) 160 km 2 Reservoir filling time 14.5 months Dam: Main dam type Concrete faced rockfill Maximum height 170 m Crest length 920 m Diversion: Design discharge 3,500 m 3 /s Tunnel Diameter 2 x 11.6 m Tunnel Length 860 m Spillway: Spillway type Gated Chute Design discharge 11,900 m 3 /s Power Station: Type Surface Number of units 4 Turbine type Francis Turbine rated head 133 m Transmission: Line Length 110 km Voltage 230 kv Output: Installed Capacity 485 MW Guaranteed capacity (95%) Average generation Primary generation (95% firm) Secondary generation 414 MW 2,192 GWh p.a. 1,767GWh p.a. 425 GWh p.a. Average plant factor 50 % Economic: Basic project cost (no esc. or IDC) 592 mus$ Capacity cost Average energy cost Weighted energy cost 24 1,544 US$/kW 3.7 /kwh 4.1 /kwh 24 The calculation of weighted generation cost values secondary energy at half the value of primary energy based on a definition of primary energy as energy produced with 95% firmness. Power System Development Plan August 2004 Final Report Vol C: Project Catalogue 60

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