Thomas R. Kurfess, Ph.D., P.E.

Transcription

1 Management and Planning Tools ME 2110 Creative Decisions and Design Thomas R. Kurfess, Ph.D., P.E. HUSCO/Ramirez Distinguished Chair in Fluid Power and Motion Control Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia USA

2 8 Management & Planning Tools Gantt Chart (1) Affinity Diagram (2) Interrelationship Digraph (3) Tree Diagram (4) Prioritization Matrix (5) Matrix Diagram (6) Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC) (7) Activity Network Diagram (8) 2 / 22

3 Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) Management goal = CQI The 8 MP tools are part of the plan segment of CQI. Tools encourage the participation and input from more people. Tools organize the non-quantitative information from a chaotic situation [into] an implementable action plan (p. 7, MJP). Act Check Plan Do Demming Cycle 3 / 22

4 8 Management & Planning Tools Gantt Chart (1) Affinity Diagram (2) Interrelationship Digraph (3) Tree Diagram (4) a b c d a b c d e f g h x x o Prioritization Matrices (5) Matrix Diagram (6) Process Decision Program Chart (7) Activity Network Diagram (8) 4 / 22

5 Relationship of 8 MP Tools to QFD (3) Tree Diagram Requirements Flow (1) Affinity Diagram (4) Prioritization Matrices Characteristics Requirements (What) Customer Requirements Prioritization Interrelationships (How) Product Characteristics (5) Matrix Diagram Relationships How Much Importance Target Values Importance Ratings Competitive Assessment (2) Interrelationship s Digraph (7) Activity Network Diagram (Known) (5) PDPC (Unknown) QFD Development Matrices 5 / 22

6 Gantt Chart Timeline of Required Tasks: Design an Aerial Lift 6 / 22

7 Affinity Diagram Purpose: Creative process (generate ideas) Gathers language data Start with: What is issue under discussion? Then: Brainstorm ideas Then: Gather ideas under affinity headings 7 / 22

8 Affinity Diagram Example Reduce Data Entry Complexity Improved Training Improved Hardware Friendly Software Clear Paperwork Error Prevention Problem Solving Optical Scanning System On-Line System at Customer Site Inlet Menu Driven Improve Prompts Outlet Display Only Non- Standard Info. On Screen Standardize completion Format Increase Size to Increase Legibility Train Clerical Sales and Customer Service Personnel Voice Activated System Shorten 11-Digit Product Code Automated Entry Color Code Forms by Product Group Forms Contain Only Non- Standard Customer information 8 / 22

9 Interrelationship Digraph Purpose: To show causality between items To identify drivers and bottlenecks Can be used to fill in roof of house of quality First: Place items to be discussed Then: Draw arrows between items From to indicates causality Arrows Most out arrows primary: driver Most in arrows secondary: bottleneck 9 / 22

10 Interrelationship Digraph Example Repeat Service Calls Issues involved in repeated service calls Wrong Person Sent Unreasonable Customer Lack of Knowledge of Job by Subcontractor Interviewer Lack of Good People Lack of Clear Job Expectations by Subcontractor Poor Matching of People Lack of Formal Record of What Final Job is Lack of Trades Experience in Management Lack of Knowledge of Matching People to Job Requirements Wrong Tools Lack of Info. on Job Unclear Customer Expectations Advertising Promises 10 / 22

11 Tree Diagram Purpose: Paths and tasks to accomplish primary goal and its related sub-goals First: List main what (goal) Then: List Hows (means) These become goals ( Whats ) for next level Continue until you get to assignable tasks 11 / 22

12 Tree Diagram Example Reduce Data Entry Complexity Reduce Data Entry Complexity Improved Training Improved Hardware Friendly Software Clear Paperwork Clerical Sales Customer Service Reps. Automated Entry Manual Entry Input Output Form Coding System Standardized Completion Format Error Prevention Training Sequential Inspection Training Problem Solving Training Optical Scanning System On-Line System at Customer Site Increase Monitor Size Voice Actuated System Menu Driven Improve Prompt Auto Check on Standard price Database Display Only Non-Standard Information on Screen Increase Size to increase Legibility Forms Contain only Non-Standard Customer Information Color Code Form by product Group Shorten 11-Digit product Code More Obvious Difference Among product Groups Codes Train Clerical, Sales and Customer Service Personnel 12 / 22

13 Prioritization Matrix Purpose: To prioritize items by: Prioritization against themselves Prioritization against criteria This allows you to focus resources 13 / 22

14 Prioritization Matrix (Against Self) A B C D E % A R 1 / C B R 2 / C C R 3 / C D R 4 / C E R 5 / C C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C Total (+) = 5; (-) = 1/5 14 / 22

15 Prioritization Matrix (Coffee Example) A B C D E % Taste A X R 1 / C Sm ell B + X R 2 / C Poisonous C - - X + - R 3 / C Color D X - R 4 / C Temperature E X R 5 / C C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C Total Reading Across the Rows (+) = 5; (-) = 1/5 15 / 22

16 Prioritization Matrix (Against Criteria) A 1 (H i) 2 (Low) 3 (Hi) 4 (Hi) Value B C D Criteria: 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 16 / 22

17 Prioritization Matrix (Coffee Example) Taste Smell Poisonous Color A B C D 1 (High) 2 (High) 3 (High) 4 (Target) O 23 Criteria: 1 = Taste Jury Rating 2 = Smell Jury Rating 3 = LD 50 4 = Color Spectrum 5 = Burn Level 5 (Target) Value O 23 O 15 O O 17 Temperature E O 23. = Strong (9) O = Medium (3) = Weak (1) 17 / 22

18 Matrix Diagram Purpose: To show relations between two sets To show strength of relations Basic types QFD Job responsibilities 18 / 22

19 House of Quality 19 / 22

20 Matrix Diagram Job 1 Job Responsibilities Person A Person B Person C Job 2 Job 3 Job 4 Job 5 Job 6 = Primary Responsibility, O = Secondary Responsibility = Needs To Know 20 / 22

21 Matrix Diagram (Interview Example) Travel Pick Date Schedule Benefits Discussion Dinner Follow-Up Job Responsibilities Boss Organizer Staff person O O O O O = Primary Responsibility, O = Secondary Responsibility = Needs To Know 21 / 22

22 Summary Management and planning tools allow you to: Plan more formally Organize information Deal with qualitative information Show relations between items and issues Use Them!!! 22 / 22