REGULATORY IMPACT ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO. 69 YEAR 2015 ON SHIPPING INDUSTRY INDONESIA

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1 REGULATORY IMPACT ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO. 69 YEAR 2015 ON SHIPPING INDUSTRY INDONESIA Eddy Widjanarko Master s Program in Management of Technology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Jl. Cokroaminoto 12A, Surabaya, 60264, Indonesia eddy.widjanarko@yahoo.com ABSTRACTS The government provides some supports for the shipyard that were made to enhance the potential of the perpetrators of the Indonesian shipping industry. Support from the government may be in the form of fiscal and non-fiscal. Non-fiscal support is provided in the form of planning and design in the government program in 2016 which will be held 3-4 months before 2015 ends. On fiscal policy, the government set an economic policy that is considered capable to support industrial development service providers in general, and the shipbuilding industry in particular, through the Government Regulation No. 69 Year 2015 on the import and delivery of Transport Specific And Delivery of Taxable Services Associated Transport Equipment certain uncollected VAT. However, as a policy, sometimes the implementation of that regulation have differences that cause unneeded various result. Therefore this research was conducted to analyze the impact of the application of policies of Government Regulation No. 69 Year 2015 on the technology of shipbuilding industry in Indonesia. The research variables are adopted from Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data was collected by doing survey to 154 businessman of shipyard industry in Indonesia. Data analysis technique used in this research is Structual Equation Modelling (SEM).The result indicated that the Government Regulation no. 69 year 2015 was useful to shipping industry in Indonesia. The result also indicated that intention to implement the regulation was influenced by perceived usefulness and attitude toward usage. Moreover, the intention will influence the actual system use or the actual implementation that was done by shipyard industry in Indonesia. Keywords: government regulation, shipping industry. INTRODUCTION As a country with a concentration region is dominated by the sea, Indonesia needs to focus on the development of shipbuilding industry in the country by empowering the industry to meet the needs of the country vessels and positioning it as a major ship manufacturers compared to foreign manufacturers. But in fact, only about 18.08% which are using ship made in shipyards in the country, the rest are purchased from foreign shipyards [1]. That phenomenon shows the limited support for the development of shipbuilding industry in Indonesia. It is unavoidable, because of the big difference in price between the vessel factor production domestic shipyards which are much more expensive than foreign shipyard production vessel. A-1-1

2 To follow up the condition and the development of Indonesian shipyard, the government provides some supports for the shipyard that were made to enhance the potential of the perpetrators of the Indonesian shipping industry. Support from the government may be in the form of fiscal and non-fiscal. Non-fiscal support is provided in the form of planning and design in the government program in 2016 which will be held 3-4 months before 2015 ends [2]. On fiscal policy, the government set an economic policy that is considered capable of supporting industrial development service providers in general, and the shipbuilding industry in particular, through the Government Regulation No. 69 Year 2015 on the import and delivery of Transport Specific And Delivery of Taxable Services Associated Transport Equipment certain uncollected VAT. The policy is based on the demands of the Association of Shipbuilding Industry Company and Means Offshore Indonesia (iperindo) who want exemption from Value Added Tax (VAT) for the ship industry for their VAT in purchasing any components weighed on the performance of domestic shipbuilding industry. This is because the cost of shipbuilding has been less efficient because most components are still imported from abroad [3]. Government regulations may allow to reduce the cost of production of shipbuilding in Indonesia so it can be more competitive with imported ships. The low cost will encourage shipbuilding industry to have technologically advanced so that the ship can be made more competitive with imported vessels. Therefore, the set and the implementation of policies in the suppression of VAT for transport equipment mainly for shipbuilding, it is expected that the shipbuilding industry in the country to increase its productivity and capable of attracting other industries through more advanced technology, considering the shipbuilding industry is an industry that has economic value high and capable of creating jobs which is quite large. However, as a policy, then the formulation to implementation, sometimes have differences that cause the results to the impact on the shipyard diverse technologies, which are sometimes not in accordance with plans and expectations. Based on this, the researchers are interested to conduct a study on the impact of the application of policies of Government Regulation No. 69 Year 2015 on the technology of shipbuilding industry in Indonesia. LITERATUR REVIEW A. Public Policy Public policy is everything, which includes various kinds of rules that govern people's lives, both in terms of the relationship among citizens and the relationship between citizens and the government, which was formulated and decided to be implemented along with the accompanying evaluation, or decided not to be implemented by the government along with the officials. The important aspecs of public policy are goals, plans, programs, decisions, and effects [4]. B. Type of Public Policy There are four types of public policy. They are substantive and procedural policy; Distributive, Redistributive, and Regulatory Policies; material policy, and public goods and private policy [5]. Based on the scope, public policies can be categorized as follows [6] : 1. Macro range public policy 2. Meso range public policy 3. Micro range public policy A-1-2

3 C. Process of Public Policy The process of public policy are as follows [4] 1. Identify the problems of phenomena that require government intervention to overcome. 2. Analyzing the problems that were found based on first stage above, which is done by tracing the root causes of the problem. 3. Formulating various solution or the fastest way to overcome the problems. 4. Comparing various solutions which can be found based on the impact that may be generated. 5. Deciding the best solution based on the comparation on fourth stage above to be a public policy. 6. Implementing the public policy which has been decided through government s programs to help overcoming various problems or phenomena. 7. The impact of the implementation of both the main impacts and side effects, will be used as the basis for evaluation of public policies to formulate the continued policy better and more able to give a positive impact on society. D. Implementation of Public Policy Policy implementation is defined as a process that involves administrative actions in a structured, implemented if it has made the formulation of a detailed, both in terms of the goals and objectives of implementation, implementation tools, and facilities required for implementation [7]. Public policy implementation is a process undertaken to achieve the goals set by policy makers, carried out with the implementation of various components of which include human resources, financial resources, and supporting infrastructure, based on the procedure and the implementing provisions should be understood by all executors [8]. E. Evaluation of Public Policy Implemented a policy that can not be known achievements if not do an evaluation after the implementation is complete. Policy evaluation conducted to determine the compatibility between the results obtained with the policy objectives, which is used as a basis for assessing whether the policies that are implemented to achieve success or failure, for further necessary repairs or termination policies and other policies to be replaced more appropriate [4], [9]. F. Government Regulation No. 69 Year 2015 This regulation is one of the rules laid down in the economic policy of the Government of Indonesia, which was launched in 2015, which is oriented to the facilitation of Value Added Tax (VAT) to promote progress and development in various sectors of national transportation, whether by land, air, and sea. This policy is also set to provide an incentive to the industry to increase competitiveness, he said, where the absence of VAT, the cost of imported raw materials and overall production costs will go down, so the selling price of domestic products can compete with foreign products and will eventually able to increase industrial productivity domestic service provider. G. Productivity of Shipping Industries Productivity is defined as the ratio between results obtained with the resources used to obtain these results. Productivity is a combination of effectiveness and efficiency of the process adopted to produce output with a value exceeding the input. Based on this, the productivity A-1-3

4 can be viewed from the input side and output process, that a company is said to have high productivity when able to utilize the input owned efficiently and process it in an effective way to produce high-value output [10]. Based on the concept of productivity above, the productivity of the shipping industry refer to the comparison between the products produced by the shipping industry compared to various types of resources used, including human resources, financial, and facilities and infrastructure, to be able to produce a product that has value high. H. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) TAM is a tool that can be used to analyze user acceptance attitude towards the presence of technology [8]. TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) is an adaptation based on TRA (Theory of Reasoned Action) for the field of information systems.this model has the aim to explain the key factors of the behavior of users of information technology to the acceptance of the information technology adoption [9]. The general model of TAM is as follows : Figure 1. Model of TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Research Approach This research uses analytical research with a quantitative approach. Analytical research conducted to obtain the final result of a critical evaluation based on a review of the data and facts relating to the research focus [10]. Based on the research topic, this research used quantitative approach. A quantitative approach is a research approach that uses data numerical results of the answers to surveys distributed to the study sample and analyzed using statistical analysis techniques [14]. B. Variables and Operational Definition Variables used in this research are : 1. Perceived usefulness Indicator of perceived usefulness used in this research are : a. The increase of work development performace in shipyard industry. b. The increase of work development efectivity in shipyard industry. c. Simplify the work process in developing shipyard industry in Indonesia 2. Perceived of use Indicator of perceived of use are : A-1-4

5 a. Interaction between individuals and system is clear and understandable b. Does not require a lot of mental effort c. Easy to use d. Easy to get the system to do what he/she wants to do 3. Attitude toward using technology Indicator of attitude toward using technology are : a. The acceptance of the regulation b. The refusal of the regulation 4. Behavioral intention of use Indicator of behavioral intention of use are : a. The regulation has complete rule appropriate with the arranged policy b. Always try to implement the regulation c. That regulation can be implemented in the future 5. Actual System Usage Indicator of actual system usage : a. Frequency and time to develop shipyard industry b. Actual development in the shipyard industry C. Data Collection Method The data required as the basis for analysis in this study obtained through a questionnaire. The questionnaire is a collection of writings on the questions formulated so that the respondent can record the answer, usually in an open and alternative answers to be determined [15]. Then the data collection methods used in this research is to use the survey method. Survey methods is a complex process, one that is composed of a variety of biological and psychological processes [14]. D. Population and Sample The population used in this study is the shipbuilding industry in Indonesia. Total population used is about 250 shipyards.the sampling technique used in this research is conducted with Slovin formula [16]. Based on the calculation of the Slovin formula known that the samples used in this study were 154 of shipbuilding industry in Indonesia. E. Validity and Reliability Analysis Validity test of this study conducted to measure the accuracy of the indicators used in research instruments. Validity test is done with reference to the loading factor derived from the results on each indicator of the research variables. If the value of the loading factor exceeds 0.5, the indicator is declared valid. After the indicator is valid, the next test is reliability test. The limit values are used to assess an acceptable level of reliability is 0.70 [17]. F. Data Analysis Method Data analysis technique used in this research is Structural Equation Modelling (SEM).The assumptions used in the analysis of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is the data A-1-5

6 necessary to meet the assumptions of normality and linearity, outliers, and multicolinearity and singularity. In the SEM analysis there is no single statistical test tools that test hypotheses about the model. In general, there are few suitability index used to measure the degree of fit between the model obtained by the data presented. Therefore the SEM analysis was examined by using several indices suitability to measure the suitability of the proposed model. Here are some suitability index and its cut-off value to be used in examining whether a model can be accepted or rejected [14]. Table 2. Goodness of Fit Index Criteria Goodness of Fit Index Cut-off Value Χ 2 - Chi Square Expected to be small Probability 0,05 RMSEA 0,08 GFI 0,90 AGFI 0,90 CMIND/DF 2,00 TLI 0,95 CFI 0,94 RESULT AND DISCUSSION A. Description This research used questionnaire to collect data from 154 respondents. The questionnaire contain seceral statements that would be answered by respondents based on their objective opinion. The answer of the statements are categorized to be not very agree (NVA), Not agree (NA), Neutral (N), Agree (A), and Very Agree (VA). After collecting the data, the result of each varibles would be describe as follows. Table 3. Frequency of Perceived Usefulness Response Statement Code NVA NA N A VA F % F % F % F % F % PU , , , ,80 PU , , , ,70 PU , , , ,30 PU , , , ,50 PU , , , ,70 PU , , , ,00 Based on Table 3, the result indicated that respondent have high perceived usefulness toward Government Regulation No. 69 Year 2015 on the technology of shipbuilding industry in Indonesia. After that, the description of frequency of Perceived Ease of Use response by the respondents is as follows. Table 4. Frequency of Perceived Ease of Use Response Statement Code NVA NA N A VA F % F % F % F % F % PEOU , , ,7 PEOU , , , ,7 PEOU , , , ,5 PEOU , , , ,3 PEOU , , , ,1 PEOU , , ,1 PEOU % 47 30, , ,3 PEOU , , , ,2 A-1-6

7 Table 4 shows that respondents have high perceived ease of use toward Government Regulation No. 69 Year 2015 on the technology of shipbuilding industry in Indonesia. Moreover, the description of frequency of Attitude Toward Using response by the respondents is as follows. Table 5. Frequency of Attitudde Toward Using Response Statement Code NVA NA N A VA F % F % F % F % F % ATU1 0 0% 2 1, , , ,3 ATU2 0 0% 6 3, , , ,4 ATU3 0 0% 2 1, , , ,7 ATU4 0 0% 5 3, , , Table 5 shows that respondents have high attitude toward using Government Regulation No. 69 Year 2015 on the technology of shipbuilding industry in Indonesia. After that, the description of frequency of Behavioral Intention to Use response by the respondents is as follows. Table 6. Frequency of Behavioral Intention to Use Response Statement Code NVA NA N A VA F % F % F % F % F % BI1 0 0% 0 0% 39 25, , ,4 BI2 0 0% 0 0% , ,6 BI3 0 0% 0 0% 41 26, , ,2 BI4 0 0% 0 0% 36 23, , ,1 BI5 0 0% 0 0% , ,3 BI6 0 0% 0 0% , ,9 Table 6 shows that respondents have high rate of behavioral intention to use Government Regulation No. 69 Year 2015 on the technology of shipbuilding industry in Indonesia. After that, the description of frequency of Actual System Use response by the respondents is as follows. Table 7. Frequency of Actual System Use Response Statement Code NVA NA N A VA F % F % F % F % F % ASU , , ,8 ASU , , ,4 ASU , , ,9 ASU , , ,9 Table 7 shows that respondents have high perceived ease of use toward Government Regulation No. 69 Year 2015 on the technology of shipbuilding industry in Indonesia. B. Model Assumption 1. Normality test Normality test was conducted by using kurtosis and skewness value. If z-score was around the critical value, the distribution of the data was normal. The critical value used in this research was determined by 0,01 significance level, that is ± 2,58. Based on the result of the analysis, most of the c.r value were more than 2,58. That value did not met with the assumption, so the data was not normally distributed. However, although the data was not normally distributed, it still can be estimated well, so the data can be analyzed any further. A-1-7

8 2. Detection of multicolinearity and singularity Multicolinearity and singularity detection is conducted by using Determinant of sample covariance matrix that is provided in AMOS 20.0 output. The result show that there is multicolinearity in the analysis because Determinant of sample covariance matrix was 0,00. However the result can be accepted because the other SEM assumptions can be used. 3. Validity and reliability test Validity test is used to measure the accuracy of the indicators used in research instruments. Validity test is conducted with reference to the loading factor on each indicator of the research variables. If the value of the loading factor exceeds 0.5, the indicator is declared valid. After that, the next test is reliability test. The limit values used to assess an acceptable level of reliability is The result of validity and reliability test are as follows : Variable Perceived Usefulness Perceived ease of use Attitude Toward Using Behavioral Intention to Use Actual System Use Table 8. Validity and Reliability Test Standardized Construct Indicator Factor Reliability Loading X1.1 0,703 X1.2 0,981 X1.3 0,605 X1.4 0,736 X1.5 0,985 X1.6 0,705 Z1.1 0,945 Z1.2 0,903 Z1.3 0,933 Z1.4 0,834 Z1.5 0,813 Z1.6 0,93 Z1.7 0,85 Z1.8 0,842 Z2.1 0,726 Z2.2 0,709 Z2.3 0,712 Z2.4 0,722 Z3.1 0,892 Z3.2 0,858 Z3.3 0,843 Z3.4 0,793 Z3.5 0,815 Z3.6 0,788 Y.1 0,654 Y.2 0,667 Y.3 0,796 Y.4 0,748 Variance Extrated 0,911 0,639 0,966 0,779 0,809 0,514 0,943 0,698 0,809 0,516 A-1-8

9 Based on the Table 8, the Standardized Factor Loading of each indicator is more than 0,5 so the data is valid. Moreover the value of construct reliability of each variable is more than 0,7. So we can conclude that the data is valid and reliable. C. Model Testing by Using One-Step Approach One step aprroach to SEM is used when it is believed that the model is based on the theory of the strong as well as the validity and reliability of the data is excellent. The results of estimation and fit one step approach to SEM model using Amos 20.0 application program shown in the following figure and table. Figure 1. One Step Approach Model Table 9. Goodness of Fit Index Criteria Goodness of Fit Index Cut-off Value Result Conclusion Χ 2 - Chi Square Diharapkan kecil 912,868 Not fit Probability 0,05 0,000 Not fit RMSEA 0,08 0,104 Not fit GFI 0,90 0,75 Not fit AGFI 0,90 0,705 Not fit CMIND/DF 2,00 2,654 Not fit TLI 0,95 0,839 Not fit CFI 0,94 0,854 Not fit Based on the results of analysing the data conducted by researchers, as well as the evaluation of the model One Step base models turned out from all the goodness of fit criteria used, not entirely show the evaluation results a good model. It means that the model is not in accordance with the data. That is, the conceptual model was developed and based on the theory has not been fully supported by the facts. Then this model still needs to be modified so that the value of goodness of fit indices are produced to meet the assumptions set out in the study. This modification phase is done by looking at the value of Modification Indices. The result of the analysis after doing modification is as follows. A-1-9

10 Figure 2. Modified One Step Approach Model Table 10. Goodness of Fit Index Criteria Goodness of Fit Index Cut-off Value Result Conclusion Χ 2 - Chi Square Diharapkan kecil 410,344 Fit Probability 0,05 0,003 Not fit RMSEA 0,08 0,039 Fit GFI 0,90 0,853 Marginal AGFI 0,90 0,822 Marginal CMIND/DF 2,00 1,229 Fit TLI 0,95 0,978 Fit CFI 0,94 0,98 Fit Based on the evaluation of the models turned out to be one step modification of all the goodness of fit criteria were used, most of which showed good results of the evaluation model, means that the model has been in accordance with the data. That is, the conceptual model was developed and based on the theory has been fully supported by the facts. Thus this model is the best model to describe the relationship between variables in the model. D. Hypothesis Testing Based on previous testing, the assumptions have been met. Thus the regression coefficient of each factor can be trusted as shown in the following table causality test. Table 11. Hypothesis Testing Estimate S.E. C.R. P Label PU <--- PEOU,183,069 2,675,007 par_24 ATU <--- PEOU,230,071 3,224,001 par_25 ATU <--- PU,236,086 2,737,006 par_26 BI <--- ATU,266,114 2,340,019 par_27 BI <--- PU,376,104 3,616 *** par_29 ASU <--- BI,294,074 3,996 *** par_28 Based on the test result is known that each of these hypotheses have been met or have significant influence. This is evident from the significant value that is obtained is smaller than the significance limit of On the table shows that the influence of the PU PEOU has a value of p-value less than 0.05 so a significant influence. It also applies to other influences that exist on the analysis results. A-1-10

11 E. Discussion Referring to the test results of this study, Perceived Ease Of Use has positive significant effect on Perceived Usefulness. It shows that the person has a perception that with the policy of the Government Regulation No. 69 Year 2015 will provide ease in performing or developing the shipbuilding industry. Moreover this will lead to increasing confidence in the positive impact of the policy of Government Regulation No in improving the shipping industry in Indonesia. In accordance with the test results of this study, the Perceived Ease Of Use proven significant positive effect on Attitude Toward Using. It means that the person has a perception that with the policy of the Government Regulation No. 69 Year 2015 will provide ease in performing or developing the shipbuilding industry, then this will lead to increasing positive or negative feelings towards the implementation of the policy of Government Regulation No. 69 In 2015 the shipping industry in Indonesia. When assessed based on the percentage of answers to each indicator Attitude Toward Using presented in Table 5, it can be concluded that the majority of respondents agreed. This illustrates that the majority of respondents have positive feelings towards the implementation of the policy of Government Regulation No. 69 Year However, it is known there are also some respondents who disagree on indicators Attitude Toward Using, where it indicates that not all respondents have positive feelings towards the implementation of the policy of Government Regulation No. 69 Year In accordance with the test results of this study, the Perceived Usefulness proven significant positive effect on Attitude Toward Using. This means that the more people believe that the policy of the Government Regulation No. 69 Year 2015 will increase the shipping industry in Indonesia, then this will lead to increase positive or negative feelings towards the implementation of the policy of Government Regulation No. 69 In 2015 the shipping industry in Indonesia. Positive significant effect of Attitude Toward Using the Behavioral Intention To Use illustrates that the more a person has a positive or negative feelings towards the implementation of the policy of Government Regulation No. 69 In 2015 will lead to increase behavior tendency to adhere to the policy implementation of Government Regulation No. 69 In 2015 in the shipping industry in Indonesia. Based on the results of the research data, the significant positive effect of Perceived Usefulness of the Behavioral Intention To Use illustrate that the more people believe that the application of policies of Government Regulation No. 69 Year 2015 will be able to increase the shipbuilding industry in Indonesia, it will lead to increase behavior tendency to adhere to the policy implementation of Government Regulation No. 69 In 2015 in the shipping industry in Indonesia. Referring to the results of the data presented in Table 11, the significant positive effect of Behavioral Intention To Use the Actual Use illustrates that the behavior of a person has a tendency to adhere to the policy implementation of Government Regulation No. 69 In 2015 in the shipping industry in Indonesia, it will lead to increase the real practice of the development of the shipbuilding industry in Indonesia based on the policy of the Government Regulation No. 69 In 2015 in the shipping industry in Indonesia. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the analysis conducted was concluded as follows. A-1-11

12 1. Policy on Government Regulation No. 69 In 2015 on shipping industry in Indonesia has a beneficial impact on the shipbuilding industry. It can be seen from the high-level overview of each variable used, that are perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude toward using, behavioral intention to use, and the actual system usage. 2. Factors that affect the intention to develop the shipping business with the implementation of Government Regulation Policy 69 In 2015 on the shipping industry in Indonesia are perceived usefulness and attitude toward usage where these intentions will affect actual system usage or actual use of the policy in the shipping industry in Indonesia. 3. There are indications that implementation and dissemination of Policy Government Regulation No. 69 In 2015 are not maximal. It can be seen from the number of respondents who stated their disagreeness through indicators that describe the perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and attitude toward usage. Suggestion that can be raised by the researchers is that the government can further improve the implementation and dissemination of the policy of the Government Regulation No evenly to be able to produce benefits perceived by all parties involved for the improvement and development of the shipping industry in Indonesia. REFERENCES Windyandari, A. (2008). Prospek Industri Galangan Kapal Dalam Negeri Guna Menghadapi Persaingan Global. Jurnal Teknik, Vol. 29, No. 1, emaritim. (2015, September). Dukungan Pemerintah Menuju Kemandirian Industri Perkapalan Dalam Negeri. Dipetik Juni 14, 2016, dari emaritim. Media Maritim Online: Jati, G. P. (2015, Juni 22). Pemerintah Bakal Hentikan Pungutan PPN Galangan Kapal. Dipetik Juni 16, 2016, dari CNN Indonesia: Triana, R. W. (2011). Implementasi Dan Evaluasi Kebijakan. Surabaya: PT. Revka Petra Media. Hidayat, R., Idris, A., & Masjaya. (2014). Implementasi Kebijakan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 53 Tahun 2010 Tentang Disiplin PNS Pada Kantor Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Berau. Journal Administrative Reform, Vol. 2, No. 2, Nugroho, R. D. (2006). Kebijakan Publik Untuk Negara-Negara Berkembangan: Model- Model Perumusan, Implementasi, Dan Evaluasi. Jakarta: PT. Elex Media Komputindo. Akib, H. (2010). Implementasi Kebijakan: Apa, Mengapa, Dan Bagaimana. Jurnal Administrasi Publik, Vol. 1, No. 1, Arsyad, H. M. (2006). Implementasi Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 33 Tahun 1998 Tentang Modal Penyertaan Pada Koperasi Wanita "Setia Bhakti Wanita" Surabaya. Ekuitas, Vol. 10, No. 3, September, Anggraeni, R., Zauhar, S., & Siswidiyanto. (2013). Evaluasi Kebijakan Publik (Evaluasi Terhadap Proses Pengadaan Anjungan Mandiri Kepegawaian Berdasarkan Perpres No. A-1-12

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