Enhance Your Safety Through Data

Transcription

1 Enhance Your Safety Through Data David Galt, Senior Legal Editor EHS Training Emily Scace, Senior Editor Safety BLR Business and Legal Resources May 23, 2018 Safety Program Goals for Using Data Prevent injuries & illnesses Contain costs Minimize compliance risk Culture of safety 2 1

2 Capture Data: Criteria for Quality Data Readily available and collected at regular intervals Reliable and valid Accurate Current Quantifiable Simple Precise Efficient Capture Data: Sources OSHA 300 logs Incident reports Near-miss reports Observation records Inspection records Monitoring data Audit records Perception survey results Safety committee meetings Training records Accident investigations JHA documentation PPE hazard assessments Workers comp claims 2

3 Data Sources: Lagging Indicators Describe past events, effects Days Away, Restricted, or Transferred (DART rate) Recordable injuries (OSHA 300) Experience Modification Rate (EMR) Lost-time incidents Fatalities OSHA citations/fines Often measures of failure Lower frequency=less statistical reliability Data Sources: Leading Indicators Indicate future value or direction/trend Management leadership actions Job hazard analysis results Behavioral observations Risk assessment results Training Inspections Employee engagement Near miss reports Activities vs. outcomes 3

4 Capture Data: BLS S&H Data for Injury/Illness Prevention Root cause of injury and strategy to prevent and train 5 factors 1. Sequence of events 2. Frequency of incidents 3. Severity of injury 4. Interaction of circumstances 5. Contributing factors BLS Factor 1 Sequence of Events 4

5 BLS Factor 1 Sequence of Events BLS Factor 2 Frequency of Incidents 5

6 Injury/Illness Rate Definitions TCIR (TCR) - Total Case Incidence Rate (Total Case Rate) G, H, I, J IR - Incidence Rate H, I, J DART Days Away, Restricted, or Job Transfer H, I DAFWII (LWD, LWR) Days Away From Work Injury and Illness (Lost Workday Rate) H EMR Experience Modification Rate # cases/100 workers (death, DART, other less serious) # nonfatal cases/100 workers (DART, other less serious) # cases/100 workers # cases/100 workers 3-year cumulative claims BLS Factor 3 Severity of Injury/Illness 1. Medical treatment beyond first aid 2. No time away or work restrictions 3. Job transfer or restriction 4. Days away from work 5. Fatality Immediate Delayed from complications 6

7 BLS Factor 4 Interaction of Circumstances Secondary sources Chemicals and chemical products Containers, furniture, and fixtures Machinery Parts and materials Persons, plants, animals, and minerals Structures and surfaces Tools, instruments, and equipment Vehicles Other sources BLS Factor 4 Interaction of Circumstances MSD Musculoskeletal Disorder Overexertion Bodily reaction Repetitive motion Rubbed, abraided Vibration Food manufacturing industry 47% job transfer/restricted work are MSDs 7

8 BLS Factor 5 Contributing Factors Help identify patterns in data Modify injury prevention techniques to address effect of contributing factors: Age 91% all fatal falls on same level age 45+ (BLS) Time of day Weather conditions ice, wind Hours on shift (fatigue, asleep, etc) Language Safety Culture Common attitudes, behaviors, beliefs surrounding safety Safety culture is the result of all your safety efforts. OSHA: Strong safety culture=largest impact on incident reduction POLICIES & PROCEDURES HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & CONTROL GOALS & ACCOUNTABILITY SAFETY CULTURE EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT LEADERSHIP What does this have to do with metrics? TRAINING & MESSAGING 8

9 Measuring Safety Culture Tangible elements: Safe vs. unsafe behaviors Training Hazard ID & control Safety committee actions Intangible elements: Employee engagement Beliefs & attitudes Trust Leadership LEADING INDICATORS SAFETY PERCEPTION SURVEYS Safety Perception Surveys Strengths: Anonymous Cost-effective Assess attitudes & beliefs Reveal gaps between employees & management Can improve trust, communication Identify action items Weaknesses: Just a snapshot Can be affected by unrelated variables Limited insight into reasons Don t measure whether perceptions are correct Poor design can skew responses Repetition can cause survey fatigue 9

10 Safety Perception Surveys: Best Practices Define goals, purpose, and scope Make sure questions correlate with desired safety outcomes Language and terminology Scale for responses (e.g., 1-5) Include uncertain option Communicate results and take appropriate action Repeat survey to measure progress Analyze alongside other metrics Safety Perception Surveys: Sample Questions Weak question: Does your employer care about safety? Yes No 10

11 Safety Perception Surveys: Sample Questions Better question: Indicate your level of agreement with the following statement: Managers at my company support safety efforts in the workplace. Strongly disagree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Agree Strongly agree Don t know/ uncertain Safety Perception Surveys: Topics to Cover Leadership commitment Employee involvement Hazard identification & control Incident investigation Beliefs about injury causes Training Communication Accountability and trust Rules and policies Managers actively participate in safety efforts at my workplace. I am encouraged to submit safety suggestions and raise concerns. Safety inspections are performed frequently at my workplace. Safety incidents are investigated promptly to identify the cause. Injuries in the workplace are almost always preventable. Company safety training is informative and relevant to my job. The company clearly communicates its safety goals to employees. I believe my company cares about my safety. My company has clear safety rules and consequences for breaking them. 11

12 SafeStart : Rushing, frustration, fatigue, complacency increase injury risk Difficult to quantify, but can often be inferred e.g., production delays, overtime, night shifts Human Factors Higbee: Incorporate human factors in risk assessments Analyze near misses and small errors for patterns Train workers to develop safe habits and recognize signs of hazardous mental states BraunS / E+ / Getty Images Analyze Data: Predictive Analytics Where will injuries happen next? How do I prevent them? Predictions based on: Inspections Sensors Observations Historical data PROS Proven effective in other industries (Amazon, Netflix, insurance) CONS - Do It Yourself Inconsistent quality and flow/ amount of data Few trained analysts & robust tools 12

13 Analyze Data: How much will injuries cost? $afety Pays Data Output 13

14 Performance Metrics Table Activity Training Business Value Objective Reduce compliance risk Cost containment Measure of Performance Incident rate Employees completed Business Value Outcome % incident rate change/time % employees completed Personal Protective Equipment Reduce compliance risk Cost containment Employees wearing PPE during incident Severity/cost of injury with PPE Severity/cost without PPE Communicating Data 14

15 Resources ANSI Z690.3 Risk Assessment Techniques Observation and evaluation techniques to ID potential exposures ANSI/ASSE Z (R2017) Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems Appendix E Smart Goals for metrics Blair, Earl. (2017) Strategic Safety Measures: Seven Key Benefits. Professional Safety, 62(2), dgalt@blr.com escace@blr.com QUESTIONS? 30 15