EFFECT OF SHIFT WORK ON THE FAMILY FULFILLMENT OF THE MARRIED EMPLOYEES WORKING IN THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY-BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT INDUSTRY

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1 Journal of Management (JOM) Volume 5, Issue 6, November-December 2018, pp , Article ID: JOM_05_06_010 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: EFFECT OF SHIFT WORK ON THE FAMILY FULFILLMENT OF THE MARRIED EMPLOYEES WORKING IN THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY-BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT INDUSTRY Dr. D. Rajasekar Professor, AMET Business School, AMET Deemed to be University, Kanathur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India Dr. Fabian Andrew James Assistant Professor, AMET Business School, AMET Deemed to be University, Kanathur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India ABSTRACT In recent years, there has been a change in the employment scenario all over the globe. The Information Technology industry is one of the biggest employees in the world. The scenario in today s society is that the individuals do lack time with their family and loved ones because of the work they are involved in. There is a paradigm shift in the family and work life of the individuals. The society is moving at a fast pace that there is lack of time for an individual to take care of his/her family. This study seeks to identify the effect of shift work on the family fulfilment of the married employees working in the Information Technology Industry. The sampling type used in this study is simple random sampling method and a sample of 443 married employees working in the Information Technology-Business Profess Management Industry. The results indicated a greater association between shift patterns on the marital life of the employees. Key words: shift work, married employees, and Information Technology Cite this Article: Dr. D. Rajasekar and Dr. Fabian Andrew James, Effect of Shift Work on the Family Fulfillment of the Married Employees Working in the Information Technology-Business Process Management Industry, Journal of Management, 5(6), 2018, pp INTRODUCTION India has undergone a great paradigm shift in its economy due to the competitive stand that the country has taken. The Indian economy is growing tremendously with rising foreign exchange and booming market capitals. India has maintained its presence as a great partner in the global economy by acquiring business from around the world. Businesses have flown into 70 editor@iaeme.com

2 Dr. D. Rajasekar and Dr. Fabian Andrew James India due to the reforms and strategies undertaken, giving the country a remarkable growth and earning potential. Shift work is one of the main reasons for the world economy to run at an unbelievable pace which is faster and cheaper. Shift Work in India started in the 19 th century itself and started booming with globalization taking over the world economy. Shift work has rendered employment to many Indians across the country. Shift work could be defined as a group of members working together for an organization with the aim of fulfilling its business purpose even after regular office timings which is 9 a.m. 6 p.m. Usually shift work in India is divided into morning shift, night shift, evening shift, and rotational shift. The IT services provided by India are 3-4 times cheaper than what is provided by the United States of America, hence India continues to be the realm of USP (Unique Selling Point) in the sourcing market globally. The IT and ITES (IT enabled services) industry is divided into five categories namely IT Services, BPM (Business Process Management), hardware, software and engineering services. 2. INDUSTRY PROFILE 2.1. Employment Opportunities in IT-BPM India remains an excellent business delivery center for the IT-BPM industry. Currency movements and increased operational efficiencies have ensured that India s position as the world s most cost competitive sourcing destination has only become stronger in the past year. Even tier I cities in India like Bengaluru continue to be between 8-10 times cheaper than source countries and significantly cheaper than other low-cost destinations. Additional cost benefits have been passed on to customers through astute internal initiatives including moderate wage inflation, adopting automation and nonlinear models to control salary expenses, introducing newer career bands, flattening organizational pyramid, etc. India is home to the highest volume of diverse, employable talent in the world. India is expected to churn out nearly 5.8 million graduates and postgraduates in the coming year, out of which 1.5 million people form an industry suitable, ready to hire pool. At the same time, the IT-BPM industry has been growing in size, scale, maturity and domain expertise and focused in addressing what customer businesses demand. The industry has been catalyzing business transformation for global clients through its established global delivery chain. 3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Cho, Y and Coulton, C.J aimed to study the effects of parental non-standard work hours on adolescent s academic performance in South Korea. The author used 1100 households in which both parents were working with middle school students from 2011 and 2012 as per the Korean Child and Youth Panel survey. The results generated from cross sectional regression analysis showed that children who had father s working in non-standard schedules were much weaker in math than the children who had mother s working in non-standard work schedule. However, in the fixed effects model, the negative association between father s nonstandard work hours and adolescent s academic achievements were only partially significant. This result brings forth a conclusion that the negative effects of parents non-standard work may be due to selection bias. The author describes that unobserved differences between the standard and non-standard working hours of fathers and adolescents may have biased the estimates from the cross-sectional regression with lagged dependent variable. Halbesleben, J.R.B used family support as a mediating variable to study the effects of shift work on the work-family conflict. The author used 168 fire personnel working in three different shifts for the study. The study found that demanding shifts lead to lesser time with family and eventually causes emotional exhaustion and higher work-family conflict. The study also found that family support can reduce the amount of emotional exhaustion releasing 71 editor@iaeme.com

3 Effect of Shift Work on the Family Fulfillment of the Married Employees Working in the Information Technology-Business Process Management Industry from work-family conflict, hence the author concludes that higher work-family conflict is associated with the emotional exhaustion of the employees. The study suggests that employees who spend more time with their family will have lesser work-family conflict and lesser strain. 4. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The demand for continuous services has increased and organizations rely more upon shift work to adapt to the needs of the customers and clients. In the modern world, husband and wife or any one of the spouse, work in irregular shifts due to their financial commitments and to excel in their relevant field of profession. The married employees are thus forced to work in shift work and face several problems such as: Family Dysfunction, Marital Instability, Parenting Difficulties, and Work Attitudes & Employee Turnover Intention 5. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To find the effect of shift work on the Family Fulfilment of the married employees working in the IT-BPM Industry HYPOTHESIS H 1 (a): There is a significant difference between male and female on the effects of shift work on Family Fulfillment. H 1 (b): There is a significant association between family type and managing family responsibilities 6. SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study is useful in highlighting the problems triggered due to shift schedules and the state of the married employees working in shift work at IT-BPM Industry. The growing IT-BPM Industry has brought about drastic changes in the life style of the people. The job opportunities in the IT-BPM industry has drawn most of the talented and skilled employees to work in various sectors in the realm of IT and IT enabled services. 7. RESEARCH DESIGN The research design choses for the study is survey method Sources of data The researcher used primary and secondary sources of data in the data gathering and analysis Primary source In collecting primary data for the study, personal interview and questionnaire were used Secondary source In collecting secondary data, records collected from books, reports, journals, publications etc., were used. Population of the study The population of the study consists of married employees working in shift work at IT-BPM Industry in Chennai editor@iaeme.com

4 Dr. D. Rajasekar and Dr. Fabian Andrew James Sample size The sample size for the present study consists of 443 respondents Sampling method The researcher has used simple random sampling technique for the study which is a part of probability sampling method. Reliability of the Instrument Reliability of the variables is of utmost importance before the analysis is conducted. The variables are developed from summated scales, which are tested for reliability since the summated scales consists of items that are inter-related to form a construct. Cronbach Alpha Test reveals the internal consistency and correlation of all items in a construct.all the items when used together showed Cronbach s value as TOOLS OF ANALYSIS Independent Sample t test and Chi-square test applied to analyse the data. Independent t-test: x 1 x t estimate of s tan dard error Table 1 Group Statistics for Gender on Family Fulfillments Gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Family Fulfillments Male Female Table 2 Levene s Test of Equality for Analysis of Variance for Gender on Family Fulfillments Family Fulfillments Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Levene's Test for Equality of Variances F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) t-test for Equality of Means Mean Differenc e Std. Error Difference The above Table No 1 displays the group statistics and the independent sample t-test. The group statistics provides a summary of statistics for the two groups. From the group statistics it is inferred that there are 272 male participants and 171 female participants. The mean value of male group is and standard deviation is 6.39 whereas the mean value of female group is and standard deviation is The Levene s test in Table 2 shows the variance between the groups. The main purpose of Levene s test is to test the hypothesis, that the variations between male and female are equal. In the above table, the test displays Levene s test of equality. The Levene s test is found to be non-significant, since the p value is.311 which is >.05 and F value is The t value is and its associated significance is The Independent sample t-test thus rejects the 73 editor@iaeme.com

5 Effect of Shift Work on the Family Fulfillment of the Married Employees Working in the Information Technology-Business Process Management Industry alternate hypothesis H 1 (a) and accepts the null hypothesis concluding that there is no significant difference between male and female on the impact of shift work on Family Fulfillment. H 1 (b): There is a significant association between family type and managing family responsibilities Chi-Square Test Table 3 Cross-tabulation for Family Type & Managing Family responsibilities Manageable and Not Daunting SD D N A SA Total Family Nuclear Count Type Family Expected Count % within 5.10% 34.80% 15.00% 41.50% 3.50% % Family Type % within 84.20% 77.30% 54.00% 72.20% 68.80% 70.70% Manageable & Not Daunting % of Total 3.60% 24.60% 10.60% 29.30% 2.50% 70.70% Std. Residual Joint Count Family Expected Count % within 2.30% 24.60% 30.80% 38.50% 3.80% % Family Type % within 15.80% 22.70% 46.00% 27.80% 31.30% 29.30% Manageable & Not Daunting % of Total 0.70% 7.20% 9.00% 11.30% 1.10% 29.30% Std. Residual Total Count Expected Count % within Family Type 4.30% 31.80% 19.60% 40.60% 3.60% % % within % % % % % % Manageable & Not Daunting % of Total 4.30% 31.80% 19.60% 40.60% 3.60% % The above Table 3 shows the cross-tabulation of family type & Manageable and not daunting. From the above table it is inferred that there are totally 443 respondents out of which 313 employees lived in nuclear families and 130 employees lived in joint families. The above table reveals that 5.1% of respondents from nuclear family strongly disagreed and 34.8% disagreed that shift work is manageable and not daunting in fulfilling family 74 editor@iaeme.com

6 Dr. D. Rajasekar and Dr. Fabian Andrew James responsibilities where as 2.3% of respondents from joint family strongly disagreed and 24.6% disagreed that shift work is manageable and not daunting in fulfilling family responsibilities. Table 4 Chi-Square Tests of Association for Family Type and Managing Family Responsibilities Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases 443 The above Table 4 presents the Pearson s Chi-square statistics and the significance value. From the above table it is inferred that the Pearson s Chi-square is and the significance values is <.05 indicating that there is a significant association between family type and managing family responsibilities. The significant findings reveal that family type significantly influences the Family Fulfillment. The chi-square test thus accepts the alternate hypothesis H 1 (b) and rejects the null hypothesis concluding that there is a strong association between family type and managing family responsibilities. 9. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS The analysis for the first objective showed that shift work had an effect on both male and female employees of the IT-BPM companies. According to the analysis, the effects of shift work on male and female do not differ and most of the employees felt that they found it difficult to organize their household responsibilities. The tests approved that Family Type (nuclear family and joint family) of the employees had a significant effect on the Family Fulfilment of the employees since there was an association found between Family Type and Family Fulfilment. The analysis showed that employees residing in nuclear families were more affected since there was more disagreement that shift work did not disrupt their family duties. The analysis predicted that spouse work status had an association with interference of shift timings in fulfilling family commitments. The tests performed showed that the employees felt that spouse work status had a great effect in fulfilling family commitments. The respondents who had working spouse faced more problems in fulfilling their family commitments than the respondents whose spouses were not working. The stress was felt more in families where both the spouses were working since the test demonstrated that the respondents whose spouses were working had a higher percentage of disagreement that shift work timings did not interfere in fulfilling their family commitments. 10. RECOMMENDATIONS The study suggests individual care and coping strategies for the IT-BPM employees to overcome the hassles and adverse effects of shift work. The study suggests that physical and mental stability is essential for the shift workers who are working in odd hours. The study suggests that if the mental stability of the employees were strong enough they could easily adapt themselves to work in any conditions, even though they face tough challenges in their work. The study suggests that the shift work employees maintain peace and harmony in their marital life since integrity between the spouses is important to have a blissful married life. The study suggests that if integrity between the spouses is maintained there would be lesser rift and fewer arguments between them. The researcher suggests that due time spent between the spouses enables the couples to have a better marital quality and more satisfaction 75 editor@iaeme.com

7 Effect of Shift Work on the Family Fulfillment of the Married Employees Working in the Information Technology-Business Process Management Industry 11. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals that family type had a significant effect on the Family Fulfilment of the shift work employees. The employees who were living in joint families enjoyed more assistance from family members in performing family duties. The study shows a greater association between shift patterns on the marital life of the employees. The employees working in all shift pattern such as evening shift, night shift and rotational shift had a negative effect of shift work on their marital life REFERENCES [1] Åkerstedt, T. (2003). Shift work and disturbed sleep / wakefulness. Occupational medicine, 53(2), [2] Barnett, R. C., Gareis, K. C., & Brennan, R. T. (2009). Reconsidering work time: A multivariate longitudinal within-couple analysis. Community, Work & Family, 12(1), [3] Cho, Y., & Coulton, C. J. (2016). The Effects of Parental Nonstandard Work Schedules on Adolescents Academic Achievement in Dual-Earner Households in South Korea. Child Indicators Research, 9(1), [4] Fabian Andrew James, Dr.S.Sudha (Jun, 2017), Moderating effect of Work Place Support on the Social Life of Night Shift Employees, Prabhandhan Indian Journal of Management, Volume 10, Issue 6, ISSN Scopus Indexed Journal [5] Halbesleben, J.R. (2009). The influence of shift work on emotional exhaustion in firefighters: The role of work-family conflict and social support. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 2(2), editor@iaeme.com