TEEB for Agriculture & Food

Transcription

1 TEEB for Agriculture & Food An initiative of UN Environment s The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)

2 KEY CHALLENGES 1. Feeding a growing population 2. Saving the planet 3. Sustainable rural livelihoods and social equity 4. Efficient markets for cheap food 5. Healthy diets Chapter 1, Synthesis Report

3 MISSION STATEMENT The TEEBAgriFood study is designed to: i) provide a comprehensive economic evaluation of ecoagri-food systems, and ii) demonstrate that the economic environment in which farmers operate is distorted by significant externalities, both negative and positive, and a lack of awareness of dependency on natural, social, human and produced capitals.

4 ECO-AGRI-FOOD SYSTEMS A descriptive term for the vast and interacting complex of ecosystems, agricultural lands, pastures, inland fisheries, labor, infrastructure, technology, policies, culture, traditions, and institutions (including markets) that are variously involved in growing, processing, distributing and consuming food

5 FOOD SYSTEMS MAP THAT SHOWS HOW MULTIPLE SYSTEMS INTERACT Figure 2.4 Source: adapted from the Nourish initiative n.d.

6 EXTERNALITIES Positive or negative consequences of an economic activity or transaction that affects other parties without this being reflected in the price of the goods or services transacted

7 A CAPITALS-BASED APPROACH Capital: the economic framing of the various stocks in which each type of capital embodies future streams of benefits that contribute to human well-being Natural capital: the limited stocks of physical and biological resources found on earth, and of the limited capacity of ecosystems to provide ecosystem services Human capital: the knowledge, skills, competencies and attributes embodied in individuals that facilitate the creation of personal, social and economic well-being Social capital: networks, including institutions, together with shared norms, values and understandings that facilitate cooperation within or among groups Produced capital: manufactured capital, such as buildings, factories, machinery, physical infrastructure (roads, water systems), as well as all financial capital and intellectual capital (technology, software, patents, brands, etc.)

8 LINKS BETWEEN FOUR CAPITALS AND THE ECO-AGRI-FOOD VALUE CHAIN Figure 6.1 Source: authors

9 CAPITAL STOCKS AND VALUE FLOWS IN ECO-AGRI-FOOD SYSTEMS Figure 1.4 Source: authors

10 EVALUATION FRAMEWORK The Framework helps to establish what should be evaluated in a given assessment, and consequently, bring transparency and context to all assessments by highlighting elements that may have been hidden or overlooked. Three guiding principles: 1. universality: providing a common language in all decision-making contexts 2. comprehensiveness: including all relevant social, environmental, human, and economic elements along the entire value chain 3. inclusiveness: supporting multiple approaches to evaluation and assessment including in both qualitative and quantitative terms

11 ELEMENTS OF THE TEEBAGRIFOOD EVALUATION FRAMEWORK Figure 6.3 Source: authors

12 METHODS AND TOOLS TEEBAgriFood offers an overview, including challenges and limitations, of practical economic valuation and evaluation methodologies, as well as system modelling tools, that are relevant to assessments of eco-agri-food systems: Valuation: direct market values, cost-based methods, revealed and stated preference Evaluation: cost-benefit analysis, life-cycle assessment, role of merit goods, integrated approaches, multi-criteria and cost-effectiveness analyses Modelling: land use and biophysical models, partial equilibrium models, computable general equilibrium models, system dynamics

13 APPLICATIONS TEEBAgriFood presents five families of applications for which the Framework could be tested, used and adapted for relevant stakeholder groups: Agricultural management systems (e.g. organic, conventional, high-input) Agricultural products (e.g. soybean, livestock, maize, agroforestry) Diets (e.g. Mediterranean, vegetarian, pescatarian) Policy interventions (public or businessat different scales) National accounting (e.g. System of National Accounts, environmentaleconomic accounting)

14 APPLICATIONS OF A UNIVERSAL EVALUATION FRAMEWORK Figure 6.6 Source: authors

15 THEORY OF CHANGE Information alone often fails to motivate change. TEEBAgriFood bridges the gap between knowledge and action by identifying key actor groups and a theory of change to explore different pathways for effecting system transformation. Four engagement strategies targeting specific end users are proposed as starting points for action: for policymakers (2030 Agenda and the SDGs) for financiers (Addis Ababa Action Agenda) for business (multi-stakeholder business platforms) for consumers (Food Atlas)

16 ACTOR GROUP CONTINUUM Figure 9.6 Source: authors

17 TEEBAGRIFOOD & THE SDGs TEEBAgriFood is a natural candidate for a toolkit to frame and address the complexities and implementation challenges of the 2030 Agenda. TEEBAgriFood can contribute to this agenda s integrated implementation by identifying and mapping the positive and negative externalities of specific measures with regard to achieving the different SDGs. In other words, implementing the SDGs will require showing how SDGs are interlinked across different economic sectors and policy domains, understanding how policy responses targeting one goal may impact progress towards others, and creating parliamentary and policy platforms and contexts in which different ministries can cooperate, co-design and coordinate policy responses in a holistic manner. In this regard, the follow up and review mechanisms of the 2030 Agenda offer a concrete entry point for TEEBAgriFood and are in the need of strengthening with the kind of insights offered by it.

18 SDG S THREE-TIERED STRUCTURE AND LINKS TO ECO-AGRI-FOOD SYSTEMS Figure 10.2 Source: authors, adapted from EAT 2016

19 ANALYSIS CONCEPT Feb 2014 TOWARDS May 2015 INTERIM Dec 2015 Launched at Global Landscapes Forum (Paris) Study Leader: Alexander Mueller Project Steering Committee 150+ contributors from 30+ countries contributed to the Foundations report Available for download in Arabic, Chinese, French, Spanish and Russian (Synthesis only) FOUNDATIONS Jun 2018 Launched at World Environment Day (New Delhi) SYNTHESIS

20 IMPLEMENTATION AFRICA PILOT STUDIES with support from the European Commission DG for International Cooperation and Development ricesystems insenegal coffee systems in Ethiopia cacao systems in Ghana livestocksystems intanzania FRAMEWORK-TESTING STUDIES with support from the Global Alliance for thefuture of Food conventional vs. organic wheat cultivation (Punjab, India) cattle ranching and soybeanmaize (Brazilian Amazon) COUNTRY IMPLEMENTATION with support from the European Commission Partnership Instrument and German International Climate Initiative China India Indonesia Malaysia Thailand Colombia Brazil Mexico Tanzania Kenya

21 TEEB Office International Environment House Geneva, Switzerland