Upravljanje softverskim projektima

Transcription

1 Part 1 imple cheduling 4 Assigning Resources to asks Assigning Work Resources to asks ontrolling Work When Adding or Removing Resource Assignments Assigning ost Resources to asks 01/10

2 Assigning Resources to asks Assign work resources to tasks ontrol how Project schedules additional resource assignments Assign cost resources to tasks After creating tasks and resources you are redy to assign resources to tasks. An assignment is the matching of a resource to a task to do work. When you assign resources to tasks, you can answer questions such as the following: o Who should be working on what tasks and when? o Do you have the correct number of resources to accomplish the scope of work that your project requires? o Are you expecting a resource to work on a task at a time when that resource will not be available to work (for example, when someone will be on vacation)? o Have you assigned a resource to so many tasks that you have exceeded the capacity of the resource to work in other words, have you overallocated the resource? 02/10

3 Assigning Work Resources to asks Assigning a work resource to a task enables you to track the progress of the resource s work on the task If you enter resource pay rates, Project also calculates resource and task costs for you Exercise: make some initial resource assignments to tasks 1. tart Project 2. Open the imple Assignments_tart 3. File / ave as: imple Assignments, click ave Before making any resource assignments, you ll check the project plan s current duration and cost values for later comparison. 4. On the Project tab, in the Properties group, click Project Information, and then click tatistics 5. Note the current duration of 41 days and zero cost. lick lose. 6. On the Resource tab, in the Assignments group, click Assign Resources Except for assigned resources, which always appear at the top of the list, resources are sorted alphabetically in the Assign Resources dialog box. 7. In the ask Name column, click the name of task 2, Assign launch team members 8. In the Resource Name column in the Assign Resources dialog box, click arole Poland, and then click Assign 03/10

4 Because arole has a standard cost rate recorded, Project calculates the cost of the assignment (arole s standard pay rate times her scheduled amount of work on the task) and displays that value, $420, in the ost field of the Assign Resources dialog box. 9. In the ask Name column, click the name of task 3, omplete author questionnaire 10. In the Resource Name column in the Assign Resources dialog box, click oni Poe, and then click Assign IP: o remove or unassign a resource from a selected task, in the Assign Resources dialog box, click the resource name, and then click Remove. You ll use a handy view called the ask Form. 1. On the View tab, in the plit View group, click Details Project splits the window into two panes. In the upper pane is the Gantt hart view, and below it is the ask Form. 2. lick anywhere in the ask Form and then, on the Format tab, in the Details group, click Work 3. Using the Assign Resources dialog box, assign the following resources to tasks. As you do so, note the Duration, Units, and Work values in the ask Form: ID 4 - Jun ao, ID 5 - oby Nixon 04/10

5 Part 1 - V04 Next, you will assign two resources to a single task. 1. In the ask Name column, click the name of task 8, Kickoff book launch meeting 2. In the Assign Resources dialog box, select the names of haron alavaria and oby Nixon, and then click Assign IP: o select nonadjacent resource names, select the first name, hold down the trl key, and then select additional names. At the end use a different means of assigning resources. 1. In the Gantt hart view, drag the vertical divider bar to the right until the Resource Names column is visible 2. lick in the Resource Names column for task 9, Plan author s travel itinerary, and then click the arrow that appears 3. In the list of resource names, click the check boxes for Jane Dow and Zac Woodall, and then press the Enter key 4. lick in the Resource Names column for task 10, hannel ales prep, and then click the arrow that appears. In the list of resource names that appears, check Zac Woodall and then press the Enter key IP: Also you can assign resources in the ask Form and on the Resources tab of the ask Information dialog box. he cheduling Formula: Duration x Units = Work After you create a task, but before you assign a resource to it, the task has duration but no work associated with it. he amount of work will match the duration unless you assign more than one resource to a task or the one resource you assign is not working full time 05/10

6 Part 1 - V04 Example 1: he cheduling Formula: Duration x Units = Work 1. he duration of task 3 is one week, or five working days 2. You assigned oni Poe to task 3, Project applied 100 percent of oni s working time to this task 3. he scheduling formula for task 3 looks like this: 40 hours (one week) task duration 100% assignment units = 40 hours of work Example 2: he cheduling Formula: Duration x Units = Work 1. You assigned two resources, Jane Dow and Zac Woodall, to task 9 with duration 3 days, each at 100% assignment units 2. he scheduling formula for task 3 looks like this: 24 hours (three days) task duration 200% assignment units = 48 hours of work ontrolling Work When Adding or Removing Resource Assignments You define the amount of work that a task represents when you initially assign a resource or resources to it When using automatically scheduled tasks, Project gives you an option to control how it should calculate work on a task when you assign additional resources to the task or unassign resources from the task - effort-driven scheduling You can turn on effort-driven scheduling for an entire project plan or just specific tasks Effort-driven scheduling applies only when you assign additional resources or remove resources from automatically scheduled tasks 06/10

7 Exercise: adjust resource assignments on tasks and define calculations for Work 1. In the Gantt hart view, click the name of task 5, Design and order marketing material oby needs some help with this task (80 h of work), so you ll add a resource. 2. In the Resource Name column in the Assign Resources dialog box, click Zac Woodall, and then click Assign (160 h of work) Next, you will use a feature called the Actions list to control how Project schedules the work on a task when adding or removing resources. Note the small triangle in the upper-left corner of the name of task 5. his is a graphical indicator that an action is now available. 3. lick the name of task 5, and then click the Actions button that appears just to the left of the task name hese options allow you to choose the scheduling result that you want. You can adjust the task s duration, the resources work, or the assignment units. For this task, you want the additional assignment to mean additional work done in the original duration. his is the default setting. 4. lick the Actions button again to close the list Next, you ll remove a resource from a task 1. lick the name of task 9, Plan author s travel itinerary 2. In the Resource Name column in the Assign Resources dialog box, click Zac Woodall, and then click Remove (Jane wants to complete work alone over a longer period) 3. lick the Actions button that appears just to the left of the task name 4. lick Increase duration so the task ends later but requires the same total work 07/10

8 Part 1 - V04 Next, you ll add resources to the task to decrease duration. 1. In the Gantt hart view, click the name of task 10, hannel ales prep 2. In the ask Form, click Effort-driven, and then click OK in the upper-right corner of the ask Form 3. In the Gantt hart view, click the name of task 10, and then, in the Assign Resources dialog box, click Hany Morcos, and then click Assign ask 10 s duration is reduced from two weeks to one week. he total work on the task remains 80 hours, but now it is split evenly between Zac and Hany. IP: By default, effort-driven scheduling is disabled for all tasks that you create in Project. o change the default setting for all new tasks in a project plan, on the File tab, click Options. In the Project Options dialog box, click the chedule tab and then select the New tasks are effort-driven check box. When hould Effort-Driven cheduling Apply? If one resource should take 10 hours to complete a task, could 10 resources complete the task in 1 hour? No single rule exists! Project manager should analyze the nature of the work required for each task in his project and use his best judgment. Assigning ost Resources to asks ost resources are used to represent a financial cost associated with a task in a project. ost resources do no work and have no effect on the scheduling of a task. 08/10

9 Exercise: assign a work resource and a cost resource to a task and check D & 1. lick the name of task 17, Author reading and signing at book fair his task requires air travel by the author, and you ve allocated $800 in anticipation of this expense. 2. In the Resource Name column in the Assign Resources dialog box, click oni Poe, and then click Assign 3. In the Assign Resources dialog box, select the ost field for the ravel cost resource, type 800, and then click Assign 4. o see both assigned resources, scroll up the Resource list in the Assign Resources dialog box Note the task has the same duration of one day and oni Poe has the same units and work values as before. Assigning the cost resource affected only the cost incurred by this task. At the end revisit the project s overall duration and cost values. 5. On the Project tab, in the Properties group, click Project Information, and then click tatistics. Note the shorter duration of 36 days (it had been 41 days) and the $19,740 cost. 6. lick lose 7. lose the imple Assignments file 09/10

10 Key Points In Project, a task normally has work associated with it after a work resource (which can be people or equipment) has been assigned to the task. You must assign resources to tasks before you can track resources progress or cost. Project follows the scheduling formula Duration Units = Work. Effort-driven scheduling determines whether work remains constant when you assign additional resources to tasks. Effort-driven scheduling is turned off by default. he easiest way to understand effort-driven scheduling is to ask yourself this question: If one person can do this task in 10 days, could two people do it in 5 days? If so, then effort-driven scheduling should apply to the task. Actions lists appear after you perform certain actions in Project. hey allow you to quickly change the effect of your action to something other than the default effect. Assigning cost resources allows you to associate financial costs with a task other than those derived from work or material resources. 10/10