SMR Staffing Solutions: Human Factors Integration

Transcription

1 SMR Staffing Solutions: Human Factors Integration IAEA TM 55245: Challenges in the Application of the Design Safety Requirements for Nuclear Power Plants to Small and Medium Sized s Alison Flower CEng, MIMechE SMR Safety Case Lead Rolls-Royce plc, Derby, United Kingdom 2017 Rolls-Royce plc The information in this document is the property of Rolls-Royce plc and may not be copied or communicated to a third party, or used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied without the express written consent of Rolls-Royce plc. This information is given in good faith based upon the latest information available to Rolls-Royce plc, no warranty or representation is given concerning such information, which must not be taken as establishing any contractual or other commitment binding upon Rolls-Royce plc or any of its subsidiary or associated companies. Trusted to deliver excellence

2 Agenda 2 1. Objectives 2. Overview of Rolls-Royce SMR 3. SMR Staffing 4. Human Factors Integration 5. Human Factors Methods 6. Worked example 7. Staffing multiple units 8. Final thoughts

3 Objectives 3 Overview of SMR staffing requirements. Benefits of early and structured consideration of staffing requirements (predictive capability). Description of Human Factors Integration process and methods to identify staffing requirements. Considerations for staffing multiple units.

4 Overview of Rolls-Royce SMR 1 4 Electricity generation being challenged to decarbonise. Mixed portfolio of nuclear, renewable and gas generation most viable option to deliver this. Large nuclear plants have come with significant challenges. SMRs complementary to programme of large nuclear plants. SMRs offer flexibility for additional applications including load following and Combined Heat and Power (CHP).

5 Overview of Rolls-Royce SMR 2 1. Highest power for lowest cost; 2. Enhanced passive safety; 3. Proliferation resistant; 4. Regulatory compliance; 5. Proven technologies; 6. Design for manufacture / construction; 7. Design for operation; 8. Whole power station standardisation / modularisation; 9. Design to gain volume economies; 10. Design with account for public perception; 11. Compatibility with existing infrastructure. 5

6 SMR Staffing 6 SMR staffing must provide safe operation. Staffing costs must not impact on the economic viability of SMR designs. Staffing requirements can be reduced by: - Task elimination (the design does not demand human action) - Task simplification (the demands on human action are reduced)

7 Human Factors Integration 7 A process to ensure the systematic consideration of Human Factors throughout design development Human Factors Integration Plan (HFIP) coordinating document Established Human Factors methods applied to design and safety assessment, including staffing Early engagement, with frequent iteration provides best results

8 Human Factors Methods 8 TAD assumed characteristics of the user population AoF determine functions assigned to humans HTA describe human-system inter TTA allocate tasks to personnel and record task details OSD represent tasks allocated to personnel in a timeline Iteration of analysis methods as design matures Generate multiple analyses to investigate staffing options

9 Human Factors Integration (Staffing) 9 AoF HFIP TAD HTA OSD Staffing TTA HFIP Human Factors Integration Plan TAD Target Audience Description HTA Hierarchical Task Analysis AoF Allocation of Function TTA Tabular Task Analysis OSD Operational Sequence Diagram Full design envelope Normal and emergency operation

10 Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) 10 Extract from a HTA Example considers an Emergency Operating Procedure PSM = Protective Safety Measure

11 Tabular Task Analysis (TTA) 11

12 Operational Sequence Diagram (OSD) 12 (mins) Shift Supervisor Respond to alarm Diagnose event Supervise comms Supervise Team Respond to alarm Diagnose event Confirm correct engineered system response Assistant Coordinate on-site response Plant Supervisor Supervise Plant Team Plant Technician (1) Plant Technician (2) OSD uses information from the HTA and TTA Simplified representation of tasks against personnel

13 Operational Sequence Diagram (OSD) 13 (mins) Shift Supervisor Respond to alarm Diagnose event Supervise comms Supervise Team Respond to alarm Diagnose event Confirm correct engineered system response Assistant Coordinate on-site response Opportunity to reduce staffing Plant Supervisor Supervise Plant Team Plant Technician (1) Plant Technician (2) Opportunity to reduce staffing Example illustrates how opportunities to reduce staffing can be identified and explored in OSD format 55 60

14 Operational Sequence Diagram (OSD) 14 (mins) Shift Supervisor Respond to alarm Diagnose event Supervise comms Supervise Team Respond to alarm Diagnose event Confirm correct engineered system response Potential to remove Assistant Simplify task and re-allocate to Plant Team Plant Supervisor Coordinate on-site response Supervise Plant Team Plant Technician (1) Potential to remove Plant Technician (2) Eliminate or simplify tasks to reduce workload Opportunities for task elimination or task simplification facilitate staffing reduction Iteration of AoF/HTA/TTA methods to test solution and update design

15 SMR Staffing Considerations 15 Actions in series or parallel (determined by time available) Personnel dedicated to activities (task focus) Personnel multi-tasking (consider skills and training) Workload (human capacity to process information) Situational Awareness (ability to know what is happening) Staffing solution must be sustainable (recruit, train, retain)

16 SMR Staffing Multiple Units 16 Multiple units on one site, or multiple sites Same HFI process can be applied to staffing assessment Methods provide a predictive capability to explore staffing solutions for multiple units, e.g. - Personnel monitor/control multiple units (one site) - Personnel support multiple sites (e.g. maintenance team)

17 SMR Staffing Final Thoughts 17 Systematic consideration of Human Factors issues through a structured Human Factors Integration process Established methods used to assess and establish staffing solution (predictive capability) Human Factors Integration process applies to single SMR and multiple unit / multiple site SMR Early engagement of Human Factors with design provides the best opportunity to optimise staffing solutions

18 Questions? 18