Unit 6 FUTURE JOBS NGOẠI NGỮ 24H

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1 NGOẠI NGỮ 24H 1 Unit 6 FUTURE JOBS GRAMMAR REVISION: Adjective Clauses A. Introduction (Giới thiệu) - Mệnh đề tính từ (Adjective Clause) hay còn gọi là mệnh đề quan hệ (Relative Clause) vì được giới thiệu bởi một Đại từ quan hệ (Relative pronoun) hay 1 phó từ quan hệ (Relative adverb) - Mệnh đề tính từ có chức năng như 1 tính từ; nghĩa là bổ nghĩa cho 1 danh từ hay 1 đại từ và luôn đứng sau danh từ hay đại từ mà nó bổ nghĩa The boy who sits next to me is very smart They house which they lived in is very big - Mệnh đề tính từ được bắt đầu bằng đại từ liên hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE, hay phó từ quan hệ WHY, WHEN, WHERE. 1. WHO: dùng thay tiền ngữ chỉ người làm chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề tính từ Ex: The man who answered the phone is my father 2. WHOM: dùng thay tiền ngữ chỉ người trong mệnh đề tính từ Ex: The girl whom you met yesterday is my best friend (Lưu ý: Trong văn phong giao tiếp, Whom có thể được thay thế bằng Who) Ex: The children who(m) we took to the zoo were very active 3. WHOSE: dùng khi tiền ngữ chỉ sở hữu. Sau whose luôn là 1 danh từ Ex: This is the woman whose a daughter is studying abroad 4. WHICH: dùng thay tiền ngữ chỉ sự việc, sự vật hay con vật Ex: The book which you lent me is very interesting The cat which broke the vase last night is Lan s 5. THAT: dùng thay tiền ngữ chỉ cả người, sự việc, sự vật hay con vật Ex: The dress that you bought was expensive The help that you gave me was very meaningful 6. WHERE: khi tiền ngữ chỉ nơi chốn Ex: The village where I was born is beautiful 7. WHEN: khi tiền ngữ là từ chỉ thời gian Ex: I don t know the time when the concert starts 8. WHY: giới thiệu mệnh đề chỉ lý do Ex: He has no idea why she left him - Một số trường hợp cần lưu ý khi dùng THAT 1. Các trường hợp KHÔNG sử dụng that - Sau giới từ: Say : The girl for whom he is looking is his old friend Don t say: The girl for that he is looking is his old friend 2. Các trường hợp sử dụng that Đăng ký học: Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa Q Hai Bà Trưng Hà nội 1

2 - Khi tiền ngữ là từ hỗn hợp (vừa chỉ người vừa chỉ vật) Ex: The men and the horses that were from the North of the country died on their way to the South - Khi tiền ngữ có hình thức so sánh nhất Ex: She is the most beautiful girl that I ve ever met - Khi tiền ngữ có số thứ tự Ex: The first dress that she noticed is a design from a famous designer - Khi tiền ngữ có các từ bất định ( some, any, much, none, all, someone, nobody, everything, anything,.) Ex: Anyone that are in the class must follow the teacher s rules B. Types of Adjective Clauses (Các loại mệnh đề tính từ) Có 2 loại mệnh đề tính từ: Mệnh đề tính từ xác định (Defining adjective clause) và mệnh đề tính từ không xác định (Non-defining adjective clause) hoặc còn gọi là mệnh đề tính từ giới hạn (Restrictive adjective clause) và mệnh đề tính từ không giới hạn (Non-restrictive adjective clause) 1. Defining adjective clause Mệnh đề tính từ xác định cung cấp thông tin quan trọng và rất cần thiết cho nghĩa của câu. Ta không được bỏ mệnh đề này vì như vậy, câu sẽ không còn rõ nghĩa. Không dùng dấu phẩy để ngăn cách 2 mệnh đề trong câu. Ex: The visitors who came here yesterday were very rude 2. Non-defining adjective clause Mệnh đề tính từ không xác định chỉ cung cấp them thông tin về tiền ngữ. Ta có thể bỏ mệnh đề này mà không ảnh hưởng đến nghĩa của câu. Mệnh đề này thường đặt giữa 2 dấu phẩy. Đại từ that không được sử dụng trong trường hợp này. Ex: Nha Trang, which is to the South of Vietnam, has a lot of beautiful beaches - Những trường hợp sử dụng mệnh đề tính từ không xác định: Sau danh từ riêng: Ex: Van Gogh, who was born in Netherlands, is a famous artist Sau sở hữu từ: Ex: My friend, whose party you attended last week, is flying to Paris tomorrow Sau chỉ định từ: Ex: Those books, which may look old, have a huge value Sau các từ chỉ những sự vật duy nhất: Ex: The sun, which is at the center of the Solar system, is the most important source of energy for life on Earth 3. Sentence relative clause (Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp) Mệnh đề này dùng để giải thích, bổ nghĩa cho cả câu đứng trước. Trường hợp này ta chỉ được dùng đại từ quan hệ which và phải có dấu phẩy ngăn cách 2 mệnh đề. Mệnh đề này luôn đứng ở vị trí cuối câu. Ex: My younger brother hasn t come home yet, which worries everybody C. Some notes in Adjective clause (Một vài lưu ý trong mệnh đề tính từ). 1. Using of + which / whom Trong mệnh đề tính từ, ta thường gặp các từ sau: all, most, none, neither, any, some, (a) few, both, half, each, one, two, several, many, much, dùng với cấu trúc này Ex: My aunt has two daughters, both of whom are well - behaved She gave me some books, all of which I ve never read before 2. Using ever word TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE 2

3 NGOẠI NGỮ 24H 3 Đại từ quan hệ ghép với ever có nghĩa bất kì. Hãy xem cặp câu có cùng ý nghĩa dưới đây Whoever Whoever has a chance to talk to him likes him immediately Whatever Whichever Whenever Wherever Anyone who has a chance to talk to him likes him immediately The storm destroys whatever gets in its way The storm destroys anything that gets in its way There are two good restaurant in town We can go to whichever restaurant you want We can go to any of the two restaurants that you want I will come whenever you call I will come at anytime that you call He has enough money to travel to wherever he wants 3. Preposition in Relative clause He has enough money to travel to any place that he wants Ta có thể đặt giới từ trước hoặc sau mệnh đề tính từ Ex: This is the movie which I told you about = This is the movie about which I told you D. Reduction of Adjective Clause (Rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ) Để rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thành cụm tính từ, ta bỏ chủ từ quan hệ và hình thức động từ to be trong mệnh đề. Ex: The road which leads to my school is long The road leading to my school is long The letter which was sent 2 days ago hasn t arrived yet The letter sent 2 days ago hasn t arrived yet Đăng ký học: Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa Q Hai Bà Trưng Hà nội 3

4 PRACTICE TEST A. PHONETICS AND VOCABULARY I. Choose the word whose bold part is pronounced differently from the others in each group 1. A. formal B. raw C. organ D. salmon 2. A. effect B. retail C. declare D. enclose 3. A. income B. zone C. devote D. echo 4. A. disaster B. crisis C. basic D. handsome 5. A. outgoing B. jogging C. giant D. garden II. Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the rest 6. A. novelist B. opponent C. pharmacy D. elegance 7. A. curriculum B. accuracy C. incredible D. appointment 8. A. gossip B. handle C. measure D. prefer 9. A. minority B. behavior C. economics D. facility 10. A. diploma B. history C. liberty D. delegate III. Choose the word which best fits each gap of the sentence 11. You should prepare well to the feeling of pressure, particularly when you are called for the first interview A. increase B. reset C. reduce D. shorten 12. One of the most important things is to create a good on your job interviewer A. impression B. model C. image D. sample 13. You should find out as much as possible about the job and the A. place B. vacancy C. position D. blank 14. Do you remember to enclose with your letter of application to the company? A. script B. schedule C. curriculum D. resumé 15. It is necessary for you to express your interest in the job and to show that you might be the most suitable for the position A. competitor B. candidate C. nominee D. voter 16. Remember to bring with you your school certificates and letters of from your teachers or your previous employers when you come to the interview A. assignment B. invitation C. recommendation D. advertisement 17. In addition, you may jot down your qualifications and prepare for the questions during the interview. Jot down means A. summarize B. take notes C. collect D. turn down 18. Before you have the interview, you should as much information about the company and the employer as you can A. review B. study C. concentrate D. gather TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE 4

5 NGOẠI NGỮ 24H that you are willing to learn about the technical aspects of the job that you do not know A. Declare B. Stress C. Approve D. Claim 20. Remember that appearance is very important. You should match your dress to employees in the where you are applying A. workshop B. workhouse C. workplace D. work shift B. GRAMMAR: Choose the best answer 21. Colin told me about his new neighbor, speaks French and Italian A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 22. The population of London was one of the largest cities in the world, is falling now A. which B. where C., that D., which 23. The woman next to my door is going to spend a few weeks in Sweden her daughter lives A.,which B.,where C.,which D. That 24. The sun is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat and light A.,which B.,where C.,that D. Which 25. I can t remember the name of the garage we had the car repaired A. where B. that C. which D. X 26. It was an awful experience. It was the worst thing has ever happened to me A. X B.,which C. that D. which 27. The party we went to last night was not very enjoyable A. which B. that C. where D. A and B 28. Norman has sent them 2 letters, neither of they have received A. that B. which C. whom D. whose 29. The woman thanked the doctor treatment had cured her A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. whoever 30. He likes to tell people about his problems. He will talk to will listen to him A. that B. who C. whoever D. whom Đăng ký học: Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa Q Hai Bà Trưng Hà nội 5

6 31. At the end of this month, scientists at the institute will conduct their AIDS research, the results of will be published within 6 months A. which B. whom C. that D. it 32. The whole world is hoping for the time a cure for cancer will be discovered A. whenever B. when C. X D. That 33. The physician s office usually has a laboratory a variety of medical tests can be done A. that B. which C. where D. who 34. In traditional medicine a healer is someone may use a combination of ritual and remedies to treat a sick person A. whom B. that C. whose D. who 35. There are many languages used around the world today do not have a form of writing A. which B. when C.,which D.,that 36. There are five flights going to Chicago everyday. I don t care which one we take. We can take fits best with our schedule A. whoever B. whenever C. whatever D. whichever 37. The company hired ten new employees, some of are well trained A. who B. whom C. which D. that 38. The boys tennis over there are my new neighbors A. who plays B. that playing C. playing D. are playing 39. He read The Old Man and The Sea, a novel by Ernest Hemingway A. written B. writing C. which written D. that wrote 40. The psychologists the nature of sleep have made important discoveries A. study B.,that are studying C. studying D. who are studying C. READING I. Read the passage and choose the best answer If you want to look for a job, the first thing you should do is to ask your friends, family and former colleagues if they know any job opportunities in your area of interest. You can also check the helpwanted section of your local newspaper. Trade magazines and smaller community newspapers often publish job openings as well. Many websites post job opportunities. You can not only use website whose main purpose is to provide job listings, but also search the sites of professional associations in your field and the sites of businesses you would like to work for. These sites often have a Web page devoted to job openings. Much like a trade show, a job fair brings prospective employers together in one place. You can talk to representative from several different companies all on the same day. Job fairs are often listed in the newspaper, in the job section. Look into job placement services in your area. They offer many services, including career counseling, resources to find job openings and a place where you can work. TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE 6

7 NGOẠI NGỮ 24H 7 Otherwise, businesses specializing in job placement services are often listed in the phone book. Make use of your local library, where you can access newspapers and trade magazines that publish job openings. Many libraries offer Internet access, so you can browse job-posting Websites for opportunities in other parts of the country, if you're interested in relocating 41. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Places from which you can search to get a job B. A computer can help you to get a job C. Buying a newspaper or magazine and getting a job D. Going to a job fair 42. If you are looking for a job, A. your friends and relatives cannot help you with anything B. your friends and relatives can offer you any kind of work that you are interested in C. you should read the help wanted section of the local newspaper D. you needn t read any newspaper or magazines which have no relation to work and jobs 43. On the internet A. there are no websites for jobs B. there are many websites fro jobs C. you cannot access websites for jobs D. job opportunities are not offered on websites 44. At a job fair A. You cannot find any jobs B. There are no employers C. You can talk to representatives from several different companies all on the same day. D. There are no representatives from companies 45. At a local library A. You can access newspaper and trade magazines that publish job openings B. You can read newspapers and magazines which are not related to jobs C. You can read only reference books D. You can access on the internet look for (phrasal verb): tìm kiếm former (adj) ['fɔ:mə]: cũ colleague (n) [kɔ'li:g]: đồng nghiệp section (n) ['sek n]: mục, vùng, khu trade (n) [treid]: thương mại publish (v) ['pʌbli ]: xuất bản purpose (n) ['pə:pəs] : mục đích association (n) [ə,sousi'ei n]: hiệp hội prospective (adj) : triển vọng representative (n) [,repri'zentətiv] đại diện job placement (noun phrase) [dʒɔb 'pleismənt]: sắp xếp việc làm counselling (n) ['kaunsəliη] cố vấn access (v) ['ækses] tiếp cận browse (v) [brauz] lướt trên mạng relocate (v) [,ri:lou'keit] thay đổi vị trí II. Read the passage and then fill in each blank with the best completion If you are going to have a job interview, these following (46) might be necessary for you. Đăng ký học: Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa Q Hai Bà Trưng Hà nội 7

8 Plan ahead. Decide (47) advance what you re going to wear. Check the location on a map so you know exactly where you re going and (48) to get there. Gather everything you plan to take with you can keep it by the door (49) you won t forget it. Be on time. Allow for a few minutes extra time. If you arrive a few minutes early, you ll have a moment (50) your thought and keep yourself (51) before beginning the interview. Pay attention to your appearance. Wear clean, and do not (52) so much make-up Anticipate. Think over your possible questions (53) an employer might ask you. How (54) you answer them? Have a friend or family member test you (55 ) sample interview questions. Research the employer. Find out (56) about the company you re interviewing with. Look on the internet (57) in local publications for information on company size, goods and services it (58) and what career opportunities may be available. You will demonstrate to the employer that you re really interested in a job there. Once you find a job opportunity that interests you, (59) your potential employer know about your skills and (60) 46. A. explanations B. suggestions C. comments D. compliments 47. A. in B. at C. on D. for 48. A. whom B. why C. how D. what 49. A. because B. moreover C. such as D. so that 50. A. collect B. to collect C. collecting D. for collect 51. A. calm B. calmative C. calmly D. calmness 52. A. dress up B. try on C. wear D. put 53. A. who B. that C. how D. whose 54. A. could B. can C. will D. would 55. A. by asking B. with ask C. for asking D. so as to ask 56. A. as many as B. as much as C. as possible as D. as much as possible 57. A. but B. or C. and D. or else 58. A. collects B. deletes C. supposes D. produces 59. A. allow B. permit C. let D. let s 60. A. quality B. qualifications C. quantity D. quantitative Gather (v) ['gæðə] tập hợp, thu thập Pay attention to : chú ý Appearance (n) [ə'piərəns] ngoại hình make-up (n) ['meikʌp] trang điểm Anticipate (v) [æn'tisipeit] : dự đoán Think over (phrasal verb): suy nghĩ kĩ Employer (n) [im'plɔiə] ông chủ Sample (n) ['sɑ:mpl] mẫu Publication (n) [,pʌbli'kei n]: sách, báo Career (n) [kə'riə]: sự nghiệp, nghề nghiệp Demonstrate (v) ['demənstreit]: chứng minh Potential (adj) [pə'ten l] : tiềm năng D.ERROR IDENTIFICATION: Identify the error in each sentence 61. Think about the interviewer s comments because they may help you preparing better for the next job interview. TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE 8

9 NGOẠI NGỮ 24H Usually towards the end of the interview, the interviewer will ask you if you had any questions 63. A psychologist is someone who study the human mind and human emotions and A B behavior, and how different situations have an effect on them C D 64. Which option we choose there ll be disadvantages? 65. Could I speak to whomever is in charge of International Sales please? 66. Whenever you choose to live there are always going to be disadvantages 67. According to the U.S. Labor Department, 13 of the 20 fastest-growing occupations A B between 2004 and 2014 which are related to health care C D 68. In business, professionals which have international experience or knowledge especially A B in finance or law will be hot as the emphasis on global trade and business grows C D 69. By understanding the major trends that affect jobs you be able to make better career decisions for yourself 70. In the recent years many countries of the world have been with the problems of how to A B C making their workers more productive D E. Writing: Rewrite each sentence, starting as shown, so that the meaning stays the same. Omit any unnecessary relative pronouns 1. The manager noticed I had dropped my purse and called after me Noticing 2. We were in a position which gave us no room for manoeuvre The position 3. I was really proud of that moment It was 4. I waited for him until 6.30 and then gave up I waited for him until 6.30, at 5. We suggested a lot of things, which were all rejected Everything 6. Jim used to be married to that girl That s the girl 7. If someone understands this book, they are cleverer than I am Đăng ký học: Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa Q Hai Bà Trưng Hà nội 9

10 Anyone 8. A bumpy road led to the hotel The road which 9. Most people are in bed at that time It s a time 10. I won t tell you this again This TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE 10