Size: px
Start display at page:

Download ""

Transcription

1 "#%&'()*+,-*.%/012*10* *.4/*.9:&;<=,>1?< '()*&#+,- &.&#,- /&#0%#& "##%&'(' 8'('4+*9:',"'("3** & )*+"',-.&/#0"12.3+"45'6725'897':;7;<' & & '"#"%&'()*+(,*-.''/'()*01%2"33'%(+*0%'4'"35*6"4%77"(,+.'%(35*+(,* "" ),8&96::&;*&2;:*&,<=& & 2)>&3*5<AA*)>24<)8&?<3&7<:65B&>*C*:<7A*),/&2)>& & 3*5<AA*)>24<)&,-2,&5<(:>&;*&(8*>&;B&E*>6526>&<3&FGH1& %&

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

3 HI*<=./>,E3,<<?-19;&98*9/F1/> #,,-%'./;0.)*<5-*'(0.'% 9)(-+'%1<'%0%+'05:0**')*&.()%.05+0*) A55;'%1B)('+0'(*)',:-*&),)%.&.5'+)%&)(7) *)6*4)&&'%05&4*6*8'&'%46*)8)%.'8)&)*8'+)&.8-5%)*0:5)+7'5(*)% 50/-+E;5-9/8C/-+,->J:*9K,8L An ever-expanding resource of recommendations on evidence-based interventions to improve the public s health ;;;C.7)+,,-%'./1-'()C*1 K&

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

5 Community Water Fluoridation 3,<<?-19;K*9/8M.?,810*+,- ^ K5-*'(0.'%'&.7)+,-.&,//'*# 0**1.1,-40<5-*'()+,6-%(.0 6-:5'+;0.)*&-665/.0+7')8)0 +%+)%.*0.'%6.',05.6*)8)%...7()+0/ X0.-*05K '%;0.)* Y A(()(K Z "CU,1[\] ]"60*.6)*,'55'%Q66,R'&.7)&0,)0&",'55'1*0,6)*5'.)*Q,1[\R _=E``=C2&0/#3'0/.4#1-#"'&1+05##6'7,&.#,8#.4'#9:&;',-#<'-'&0/C 9+J8'55)GBE2XOE#9[XO`GTUUUC Q&').&*.-4'RSMM5'22'B-%B%#"H'/9./'/9"'-"G%CC"&H"H'+"0"+'%J'P+*%-H"'&' H-&?&L'3./"-'/%'B-"0"&/'/%%/9'H"G.4'E"'.HT*#/"H'/%'SOU'CLI=O' ' =&?'/%',"H"-.+'6"L#/"-'V%/G"'./W'9//BWII333OGHGOL%0I%-.+9".+/9I' O&

6 4,G',/>M.?,810/K,8LN K5-*'()&.6&*)8)%*)8)*&)&.7)..7()+0/ 6*+)&& I.7()+0/'&+0-&)(:/+)*.0'%:0+.)*'0'%.7),-.7 a7)%/-)0.&-10**.7)**)<'%)( +0*:7/(*0.)&G.7)&):0+.)*'06*(-+)0+'(.70. *),8)&,'%)*05&4*,.7)&-*40+)4.7)..7 K5-*'()7)56&.*),'%)*05'b).7)&)&-*40+)&0%( 6*)8)%.&+08'.')&4*,4*,'%1 E)%.05#0*')&'%.7)_%'.)(=.0.)&C))=6#TUU"VcUQ99>"dR2"edTC HO/2+C/-/>>,EK*9/8M.?,810*+,- =/&.),0.'+*)8');4-%(&.*%1)8'()%+).70. +,,-%'./;0.)*<5-*'(0.'%;0&)44)+.'8) Qf&.-(')&R B)('0%*)(-+.'%'%()%.05+0*')&2Tgh 9)+,,)%()(.6*)8)%.*+%.*5+0*')&'% +,,-%'.')& 7..62[[;;;C.7)+,,-%'./1-'()C*1[*05[<5-*'(0.'%C7.,5 &

7 HO/2+C/-/>>,EK*9/8M.?,810*+,- =/&.),0.'+*)8');4-%(.70.+,,-%'./;0.)* <5-*'(0.'%;0&)44)+.'8)0,%10(-5.&QTUeiU ]B).0>0%05/&'&4c&.-(')&6-:5'&7)(04.)*"gfg0%( ;'.7%&'1%'<'+0%.7).)*1)%)'./ F*'4<'%=3G).05C?44)+.'8)%)&&4<5-*'()'%6*)8)%.'%1+0*')&'% 0(-5.&PE)%.9)&jiQcR2d"U>d"cGTUUf 3,>9PHO/2+C/-/>> 3,<<?-19;K*9/8M.?,810*+,-Q3KMR A&/&.),0.'+*)8');4-%(.70.#aK;0&+&.>&08'%1 '%055'%+5-()(&.-(')&Qc&.-(')&R B)('+0'(*)&.*0.'8)+&.&5;)*0,%1+7'5(*)%'% <5-*'(0.)(8&C%%><5-*'(0.)(+,,-%'.')&[ +-%.')&'%2 \-'&'0%026*)&+75)*&Q"ggc>giRVkif X);l*J2+7'5(*)%0%(0(5)&+)%.&QTUUiRVkTj F*'4<'%).05BBa9djQWdR2fcW>fcfV"ggg P&

8 50/*.6?A.124/*.9:%/*>?8/ 9)0+7)&)8)*/%)2%+,65'0%+)*)n-'*)(e (%.708).E30%/.7'%1eS-&.(*'%J0%(-&).7);0.)* X.()6)%()%.%0++)&&.+0*) O%)H6)%&'8) I*-)+&.&08'%1& #,,-%'./CQi.7 )(CRC=.C\-'&2?5&)8')*GTUUcC F*'4<'%=3G).05>##A%)+%,'+0%05/&'&4+,,-%'./;0.)* &2:,,.PA*>/0'/-9*.&/*.*-968,F8*<> &

9 7"&/.+'A.-"#5'X&/"H'/./"#' #0*')&6*)805)%+)'&&.'557'17'%+7'5(*)% E'&60*'.')&*),0'%:/'%+,)0%(*0+)[ ).7%'+'./ =-&+)6.':'5'./4,50*&'&,-+71*)0.)*.70% 4*.7)*.)).7 E/)D).05CI*)%(&'%*057)05.7&.0.-&G_%'.)(=.0.)&G"gjje"ggd0%( "ggg>tuudcx#`=ca1.0/#3'0/.4#9.0.#""qtdjrvtuufc B0+)JBE).05C_6(0.)(+,60*'&%4.7)+0*')&&-&+)6.':'5'./4 TUUWViWQWR2"fde"jTC Unsealed Sealed Q&

10 &/*.*-968,F8*<7AB/2+C/> E)+*)0&):0**')*&.&)050%.&0,%1 -%()*&)*8)(1*-6& 9)(-+):-*()%4..7()+0/0..7) +,,-%'./5)8)5 A((*)&&('&60*'.')& #,65),)%.&)*8'+)&()5'8)*)('%6-:5'+ +5'%'+&*6*'80.)()%.056*0+.'+)& =5'()+-*.)&/4E*CB0*J=')105e3E`Q*).'*)(R &2:,,.&/*.*-968,F8*<> I0*1).8-5%)*0:5)+7'5(*)% A.7'17>*'&J&+75& A.*'&J4*+0*')&0%(-%.*)0.)(+0*')& \)&&5'J)5/.*)+)'8)&)050%.&0%(.7)* 6*)8)%.'8)&)*8'+)& \)&&5'J)5/.*)+)'8).',)5/()%.05+0*) ()%.05&)050%.6*1*0,&2_6(0.)(*)+,,)%(0.'%&0%(*)8');& =5'()+-*.)&/4E*CB0*J=')105e3E`Q*).'*)(R %0&

11 &/*.*-968/C*./-2/1-&2:,,.>G19:*-0G19:,?9 80% "#%"&%'( %"&%'( 60% HP 2010 Objective 40% YSZ' 20% 0% White Black Lunch Program Eligible Not Lunch Program Eligible Uninsured Medicaid Private Ins. All Schools Ohio HO/2+C/-/>>,E&2:,,.&/*.*-968,F8*<> A-"H/W' )*+"').&##"&5'Q='782' A-"H/W'H"&/.+OG.#"O"H*'' %%&

12 J:/3,<<?-19;V?10/ QTUUTR =/&.),0.'+*)8');4-%(&.*%1)8'()%+).70.&+75 &)050%.()5'8)*/6*1*0,&0*))44)+.'8)Q"U&.-(')&R B)('0%*)(-+.'%'%()%.05+0*')&2iUh 9)+,,)%()(.6*)8)%.*+%.*5+0*')&'% +,,-%'.')& 7..62[[;;;C.7)+,,-%'./1-'()C*1[*05[&+75&)050%.&C7.,5 %#&

13 Open Access: *.V?10/.1-/>W X,?8-*.,E9:/(</812*-'/-9*.(>>,21*+,- %*82:""Y &?<<*8; K5-*'(0.'%0%(&+75>:0&)(()%.05&)050%. 6*1*0,& 9)(-+).7):-*()%4..7()+0/ A((*)&&('&60*'.')&'%*057)05.7 9)+,,)%()(4*'%'.'0.'%*)H60%&'%' &**)&-*+)&6)*,'. %K&

14 ;;;C+(+C18[*057)05.7 HC10/-2/PS*>/ *. D/2,<</-0*+,->& "#%&'()*)+(,"--.'&(/.) )*+"',-.&/#0"12.3+"45'6725'897' 7-"G/%-5'6"#".-G9'Q&#//*/"'.&H'A"&/"-'J%-'[0H"&G"1>.#"H'7"&/#/-4' ;C"-G.&'7"&/.+';##%G./%&' ' %+&

15 #5'%'+05 9)+,,)%(0.'%& ^ D%%+.0&&'&.()%.'&.& ^ 8-.G/G.+'.BB+G./%&#4&+')%.'<'+ '%4*,0.'% ^ F*H.&G"G%.0&.0%(0*(4+0*) ^ O%.)1*0.)(C1.4.7)6*0+.'.'%)*o& 6*4)&&'%05T*HLC"&/0%(.7)'%('8'( ')%.o&&""H#'.&H'B-"J"-"&G"#' M8,<&;>9/<*+2D/C1/G9,3.1-12*.D/2,<</-0*+,-> 4#/"C./G' 6"0"3 4#/"C./G' 6"0"3' 4#/"C./G' 6"0"3 #5'%'+059)+,,)%(0.'%& %O&

16 8-"1 3%-?#9%B' ^ =)5)+..6'+ ^ #5'%'+05p-)&.'%& ^ \'.)*0.-*)=)0*+7 [\B"-/'8.&"+' ]%-?#9%B' ^?8'()%+)=.0.),)%.&q\)8)5&4?8'()%+)r ^ 9)+,,)%(0.'%&q=.*)%1.749)+,,)%(0.'%&r 8%#/1 3%-?#9%B' ^ 9)6*. ^?H.)*%059)8'); ^ AEA#-%+'5%=+')%.'<'+A440'*& ^ E'&&),'%0.'%QPAEAVAEAC*1V)>+,,-%'+0.'%&V+%4)*)%+)&R :Q;<' =/&.),0.'+ 9)8'); :Q><'"Y9#I :QQ;<'"Ycontrolled study without randomization :QQ><'"Yquasi-experimental study :QQQ<'Xon-experimental descriptive studies (i.e. comparative, correlation, cohort and case-control studies) :Q^<'expert committee reports or opinions or clinical experience of respected authorities %&

17 &98/-F9:,ED/2,<</-0*+,- A = Category I Evidence' B = Category II Evidence or extrapolated from category I evidence C = Category III Evidence or extrapolated from category I or II evidence D = Category IV Evidence or extrapolated from category I, II, or III evidence %P&

18 L3*2,A*),&T*5686<)8& %&

19 %Q&

20 #0&

21 #%&

22 ##&

23 7%'4%*'E.#"'.&4'%J'4%*-'B-%J"##%&.+'B-.G/G"#' %&'B*E+#9"H'L*H"+&"#'%-'-"G%CC"&H./%&#_'' l)& X ]9G9'%-L.&`./%&'H%'4%*'/*-&'/%_' "UU gu ju fu iu cu du WU TU "U U AEA #E# KEA =6)+'05./ 3*1& 3.7)*& #K&

24 Q'*#"'/9"#"'-"G%CC"&H./%&#'&'B-.G/G"'/%'G%CC*&G./"' 3/9'/9"'B./"&/'.&H'/%'C.?"'/-"./C"&/'G9%G"#' "UU ju iu du TU U IK =)050%. >.--"-#'/%'CB+"C"&/&L'"0H"&G"1E.#"H' G+&G.+'L*H"+&"#W'' ;'#*-0"4'%J'".-+4'.H%B/"-#' `)'J=6055)JGEBEG@7EGB=DA " GB)'=%1G@7E " T G I0%S0D)J7-'&G@7EGB=GB\O= " W Gm*'&7%0A*080,-(70%GDE=GB= W #+&

25 :25N&<?&,3(8,&6)&*C6>*)5*&<3&3*8*235-&& :25N&<?&(7W,<W>2,*&*C6>*)5*& :25N&<?&5:*23&2)89*38&,<&5:6)652:&I(*84<)8& 5<),32>65,<3B&6)?<3A24<)&6)&,-*&856*)4X5& 86A7:6X*>&?<3&(8*&2,& >*& L-2)N&B<(& ):(C0(0C*1,:'5)C):(C0(0C*1 #O&

26 YA*3652)&Y52>*AB&<?&1*>62,365& T*)48,3B&& Z[2A7:*8&<?&YY1T&1<:656*8&?0*5/#7'5(7(#0*')&Q?##R2_%'n-)#7055)%1)&0%(I*)0.,)%. 36.'%& s)%('%1b0+7'%)&'%=+75& 34<'+) =.),#)55& #&

27 Z[2A7:*8&<?&YY1T&\(6>*:6)*8& F-'(0%+)G0%(3*05I*)0.,)%.4*O%40%.&G#7'5(*)%G0%(A(5)&+)%.& #0*')&>*'&JA&&)&&,)%.0%(B0%01),)%.4*O%40%.&G#7'5(*)%G0%( A(5)&+)%.& O%40%.3*05`)05.7#0*) A(5)&+)%.3*05`)05.7#0*) K5-*'()I7)*06/ `),0.6').'+#)55I*0%&650%.0.'%G0%([*90('0.'% YY1T&& #-%+'5&4#5'%'+05t=+')%.'<'+A440'*& A66'%.)(,),:)*& A+0(),'+O%&.'.-.'%& =-:S)+.?H6)*.& 9)8');)(%0c/)0*+/+5) 9)04<'*,)(*9)8'&)( #P&

28 1<:65B&]&\(6>*:6)*8&13<5*88& \'.)*0.-*)9)8'); 90%(,'b)(#5'%'+05I*'05&?8'()%+)e:0&)(*)8');& #-%+'59)8'); I;,)).'%1&6)*/)0* s.)(%:/f)%)*05a&&),:5/ A80'50:5)4*4*))0.;;;C006(C*1 YY1T&1*36<>656,B&R5-*>(:*& '%.)%(&.7'&1-'()5'%).7)566*0+.'.'%)*&,0J)+5'%'+05()+'&'%&+%+)*%'%16*)8)%.'8) *057)05.7'%.)*8)%.'%&G'%+5-('%10%.'+'60.*/ 1-'(0%+)0%(6*)8)%.'8)+-%&)5'%1G4*'%40%.&G +7'5(*)%G0%(0(5)&+)%.&C #&

29 YY1T&1*36<>656,B&R5-*>(:*& a'/%'mr'c%&/9#' "C#,65).).7)+5'%'+05*05)H0,'%0.'% WC9),8)&-6*01'%1'8050%(&-:1'%1'805&.0'%&*()6&'.&0&'%('+0.)(C dca&&)&&.7)+7'5(o&&/&.),'+0%(.6'+05<5-*'()&.0.-& cca&&)&&066*6*'0.)%)&&44))('%16*0+.'+)& *'%S-*')&C ""C#%&-5.;'.7.7)+7'5(o&67/&'+'0%0&%))()(C "TC#,65).)0+0*')&*'&J0&&)&&,)%.C "WCE).)*,'%).7)'%.)*8054*6)*'('+*))805-0.'%C YY1T&1*36<>656,B&R5-*>(:*& R'/%'a'4".-#' "C 9)6)0."T>.Td>,%.76*+)(-*)&)8)*/i,%.7&*0& '%('+0.)(:/'%('8'(-0560.')%.o&*'&J&.0.-&[&-&+)6.':'5'./. ('&)0&)C TC TC=+05)0%(+5)0%.7).)).7)8)*/i,%.7&*0&'%('+0.)(:/ '%('8'(-0560.')%.o&%))(&C 4**40+'05.*0-,06*)8)%.'%C 0%/*05('&)0&)&G70:'.&G*'%S-*')& fca&&)&&&6))+70%(50%1-01)()8)56,)%.0%(6*8'() 066*6*'0.)*)4)**05 #Q&

30 YY1T&1*36<>656,B&R5-*>(:*& a'/%'mr'4".-#' "C9)6)0.T>.i>/)0*6*+)(-*)&)8)*/i,%.7&*0&'%('+0.)(:/'%('8'( ')%.o&*'&J&.0.-&[&-&+)6.':'5'./. ('&)0&)C &,J'%1G&,J)>5)&&.:0++RC 6')*+'%1C 1*36<>656,B& K0&

31 U*)5-A23N&<?&^(2:6,B& \(6>*:6)*&<)&S*8,<324C*&E2,*362:8& 9'0/0-.#6'+,""'-*0.1,-B5# "C=)050%.&&7-5(:)650+)('%.6'.&0%(<'&&-*)&4.)).7:0&)( -6%.7)60.')%.o&+0*')&*'&JG%..7)60.')%.o&01)*.',) 506&)(&'%+)..7)*-6.'%C TC=)050%.&&7-5(:)650+)(%&-*40+)&S-(1)(.:)0.7'17*'&J* &-*40+)&.70.05*)0(/)H7':'.'%+'6')%.+0*'-&5)&'%&.'%7':'. 5)&'%6*1*)&&'%C WC=)050%.650+),)%.,).7(&&7-5('%+5-()+0*)4-5+5)0%'%14.7)6'.&0%(<'&&-*)&;'.7-.*),80540%/066*)+'0:5))%0,)5C dca5;>8'&+&'./7/(*67'5'+,0.)*'05:%('%150/)*g0&60*.4* -%()*.7)0+.-05&)050%.G'&*)+,,)%()(4*5%1>.)*, *).)%.'%0%()44)+.'8)%)&&C ccf50&&'%,)*,0.)*'05&+-5(:)-&)(0&.*0%&'.'%05&)050%.&c K%&

32 U*)5-A23N&<?&^(2:6,B& I7)3*05#5'%'+05?H0,'%0.'%'&()&'1%)(.0&&)&&.7) U*)5-A23N&<?&^(2:6,B& X0.'%05#%&)%&-&=.0.),)%. K#&

33 ^(*84<)8_& KK&