Building national capacities on measurement, reporting and verification of nationally appropriate mitigation actions

Transcription

1 Building national capacities on measurement, reporting and verification of nationally appropriate mitigation actions egional workshop on promoting international collaboration to facilitate preparation, submission and implementation of nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) Day 3 Part IV: MV Juan Carlos Arredondo Brun December 2013 Mexico City, Mexico

2 Content NAMAs as source of diversity Why MV of NAMAs? Key questions on MV Building capacities: which capacities are needed for MV of NAMAs?

3 Opening question Would you be able to identify the differences, similarities or complementarities in the following list of (real) NAMAs? efrigerators Appliances in houses enovated housing New housing Urban services in housing Sustainable urban development Transit-oriented development Urban public transport Freight transport Logistics How would you know? Which information would you need? What would happen if a similar list comes from several different countries?

4 From mitigation to nationally appropriate actions At which point a mitigation action is considered and labelled as a nationally appropriate one? Criteria According to: Jurisdictional limits? Geographical coverage? Sector or economic activity? Emission source? Type: Policies, programmes, projects? Technology? Mitigation potential? Cost per tonne? Total cost? Source of funding?. Boundary Scope Source of diversity

5 Why MV of NAMAs? The importance of trust MV of NAMAs is a clarification and trust-building process At the NAMA level: Define responsibilities, activities, sequencing, and expected results Track performance or progress of actions Detect any deviation, lack of progress or poor performance at an early stage. Enable adjustment or correction of measures at an early stage. Inform and share such situations in order to explain differences in projected versus real performance, and enable dissemination for learning. Ensure that reduction targets are achieved as expected and correctly accounted for At the country level: Demonstrate if actions were effectively taken and results obtained in terms of measurable emission reductions. Ensure compliance with national policies, targets, goals, or even legal mandates Provide consistency, comparability, and transparency to actions undertaken by governments (at different levels) and private sector within a country Measure and aggregate the impact of measures or actions implemented in the country. Evaluate contribution towards national and international mitigation goals, pledges, compromises or commitments.

6 Planning, design and implementation cycle of NAMAs: where does MV fit? Evaluate emissions reduction achieved Define priorities and evaluate policy gaps Inform on activities and outcomes to key stakeholders Monitor and record activity and emissions data and other progress and performance indicators Implement activities or actions, including MV Evaluate pilot results and adjust implementation plan and its activities / actions Search, negotiate and secure financing for full-scale implementation Implement first set of activities (pilot) of the NAMA Consult and inform key stakeholders Design measurement/monitoring, reporting and verification plan 20 implement 12 1 design 11 2 plan 10 Define mitigation objective for the NAMA 3 9 Define border, scope and type Develop baseline and emissions projections under existing circumstances (BAU) Model expected changes in emissions and evaluate mitigation potential Estimate costs and financial needs of mitigation action Identify supporting and implementing institutions Identify and engage key stakeholders Prepare implementation plan with performance and progress indicators Evaluate expected impact based on implementation plan Identify barriers and levers for implementation

7 Where does MV fit? NAMA 1 NAMA 4, 5,..n NAMA 2 MV of actions MV of support MV of emissions NAMA 3

8 Key questions on MV: WHAT to measure/monitor, report or verify? - Define the information that is needed / important for the NAMA purpose or goal - Indicators, variables and metrics that relate to emissions - Information and data on resources, amounts and expenditure HOW to measure/monitor, report or verify? - Define the steps, procedure and method to be used to gather, check and record data - Procedure and method dependent on tier, the need for accuracy and reliability - Type of technology or device: cost-effectiveness vs. accuracy? WHO should measure/monitor, report or verify? - Define roles and responsibilities of people and institutions participating in the NAMA - ecommended to be someone who is able to control/influence the emissions level WHEN to measure/monitor, report or verify? - Frequency that allows to pick up anomalies, trends and deviations in the measured variables

9 MV of NAMA: Measurement What to measure? Activity data Financial resources Emissions Where to measure? Location Measurement point(s) How to measure? Methodology Technology Measurement plan When to measure? Frequency Who measures? Allocation of responsibilities Person, office, institution Institutional arrangements Contracts Agreements for access to location or access to data Authorization/approval for measurement and for person participation Official designation of person, office, institution Administrative arrangements for measurement: expenses, invoices, wages, etc.

10 What to measure/monitor? Comparison between GHG inventory and NAMA Often you use the same data source for both, GHG inventory and a NAMA However, the level of detail often is different: for GHG inventory, you may have Tier 1 or Tier 2 for a number of sources for a NAMA, your data is almost equivalent to a Tier 2 or a Tier 3 calculation The scope between both is different: For GHG inventory, it is national (the whole country) or regional (a province) For NAMA, it is specific to the boundaries of the NAMA NAMA Volume of associated gas flared in an oil field Ton of waste per day deposited in a managed disposal site Number of vehicles by motorisation type in the urban area Number of trees and diametric characteristics in the protected area GHG Inventory Amount of fuel consumed per type of fuel Tons of waste deposited per year in managed disposal sites Number of vehicles by motorisation type

11 Data and information to measure/ monitor Which variables, metrics or indicators do you require for your NAMA? Define spatial and time boundaries of those metrics Choose variables useful to estimate savings or reductions per intervention kwh, travelled distance, l/km, ton of coal/year, m 3 of natural gas, etc. Indicators attached to a timeframe (units per year, month ) Metrics that capture indirect effects (co-benefits) Proxy values: Use of default or proxy values if there are deemed close to real values only Use default values or proxies when it s too costly to derive specific factors Use default values or proxies when these have little impact on the final performance results If not possible to quantify emission reductions with chosen metrics, it is important to devise other appropriate indicators Important considerations: Where are these metrics and its data available? Do you have access to them? Do they exist already? Do you need to make units conversions? Are these useful in their current format? Are they complete for all the required timeframe (no gaps)? Do you need to fill gaps in the data?

12 Examples of quantitative and qualitative metrics Source: A Primer on MV for Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions, UNEP isoe Which capacities (skills and knowledge) are needed to handle different types of metrics?

13 How to measure/monitor? NAMA Use of measurement devices for physical (flow meter, thermometer, scale), chemical ( % O 2, ph), or electrical properties (Ohmmeter, voltmeter) Laboratory analysis and testing Mass and energy balance Monitoring Plan that defines approach, methodology, procedure for data acquisition, measurement devices, and data processing equipment to be used. GHG Inventory Administrative records of fuels sales. Industry-wide questionnaire. Use of measurement devices for physical (flow meter, thermometer, scale), chemical ( % O 2, ph), or electrical properties (Ohmmeter, voltmeter) if data collected on-site for some sources Use of remote sensing technology (LIDA) for forest cover Aggregation of measured values. Methodology for data collection from selected information sources.

14 MV of NAMA: eporting For NAMAs, eporting (is likely to) comprise the emission reduction achievements, updates of baseline data as well other key performance data related to implemented interventions. The benefits of reporting: Know about progress, results, and achievement of goals Enable learning and feedback Coordination of efforts Enable management of the NAMA Facilitate decision making in the implementation Identification of major problems or needs Opportunity for correction Input for verification Fulfil international obligations Maintain transparency of progress

15 MV of NAMA: eporting What to report? Activity data Emission factors Emissions Financial resources Funding source Assumptions made in the reporting How to report? eporting system (electronic, in paper) Forms or reporting sheets When to report? Frequency eporting deadlines Who reports? Allocation of responsibilities Person, office, institution Institutional arrangements Contracts Agreements for sending/receiving reports to specific person, office, institution Authorization for preparing, modifying,, accessing, archiving reports Official designation of person, office, institution Administrative arrangements for reporting: expenses, invoices, wages, etc.

16 Monitoring and eporting Plan Template NAMA Objective Description Performance Indicator(s) or metric Overall responsibility ole/duties Associated responsibility ole/duties Data sources Calculation Methodology Description of the eporting process Details of the data management systems including quality assurance and checking Other information Write the NAMA objective Insert clear description of objective, and the linkages to national policies; elaborate where multiple objectives are present. State the indicator by which the achievement or progress of the objective may be assessed Indicate the institution/department or functional unit that will have overall responsibility for the monitoring and reporting of the performance indicator Stipulate the role or duties of the function name. Ensure that these responsibility and role is communicated effectively and accepted. Maintain records to demonstrate this. Additional associated responsibility as above, add as required. In this section identify the source of the data and information to be used in the monitoring and reporting. Where the source relies upon second or third party input this should be described and reflected in the role and responsibilities sections. The steps back to the raw source of data are required. Describe how the source data is manipulated to derive the reported metric. Include calculation formulae, emissions factors, conversion factors, assumptions and sources of reference data Describe the reporting path the data and information follows from source to final metric. Indicate if the metric act as input into the NAMA registry. It may be beneficial to include a flow diagram describing this path. Describe here the procedure by which data and information is controlled. This will include the maintenance of records, data security, use of templates and standardised templates etc. Also include details for the quality assurance the review/checking of the data and information. If this his managed by a documented procedure only the procedure title and date need be entered here

17 MV of NAMA: Verification The rigour and scope of NAMA verification is likely to vary with the type of NAMA. Open debate on the exact requirements that apply to each type of NAMA: Creditable NAMAs are likely to require verification similar to CDM Projects. Supported NAMAs will vary in rigour dependent on host country and donor requirements Domestically-supported NAMAs may be closer to a review. The MV system adopted by a country is recognised internationally.

18 MV of NAMA: Verification What to verify? Activity data Emission factors Emissions Financial resources Funding source Assumptions made in the verification How to verify? Compliance with standards or guidelines Verification methodology Visit to site and offices Interviews eview of information and data When to verify? Frequency Who verifies? Allocation of responsibilities Person, office, institution Third party Institutional arrangements Contracts Agreements for sending/receiving reports to specific person, office, institution Authorization for preparing, modifying,, accessing, archiving verification reports Official designation of person, office, institution Administrative arrangements for verification: expenses, invoices, wages, etc

19 The role of verification Intended users of information:. International community (UNFCCC, other countries) Financial community Interested parties or stakeholders Donors or funders of the NAMA Criteria for GHG monitoring and reporting Verification criteria Owner of the report: National inventory State or province level inventory NAMA team or NAMA developer Single private company Internationally accredited verifier Nationally accredited verifier Technical eviewer Source: Adapted from ISO14064 series

20 MV of NAMAs: Verification Verification example Audit of company level emissions under the GHG Program in Mexico Verification through the ISO14064 standard eview of compliance with standard eview conducted by a certified verifier Certification is given by the Mexican Accreditation Entity (EMA) following internationally accepted standards Verified emission reports can be used as initial step for access carbon markets.

21 i.e. NAMA: increase carbon capture by X% through sustainable forest management Guide Measurement eporting Verification WHAT Carbon stock, trees age, trees species Cost of monitoring activities Used and residual volumes, real existence, tree species, species density, ton C per hectare per year Use rate (ratio used and residual), diametric categories WHO HOW Existing capacities: team of specialists trained in forest management, carbon content of forests, geographic information systems Needed capacities: Hire external consultant/specialists for use of SELVA module in GIS and an Accountant C stock: Forestry Commission regional office, land owners. Trees ages and species: forestry specialists Volumes: technicians at wood processing site Volumes: forest rangers, technical advisors, manager at wood processing site Ton C/ha: carbon accounting specialist; GIS and SELVA technician Ministry for the Environment; National Forestry Commission central office, external verification consultant. Existing capacities: team of technical and forestry specialists trained in forest management, carbon content of forests, and geographic information systems. Needed capacities: experts from universities and research centers in the region for support with sampling; further training to land owners on carbon stock methodology; budget to buy satellite images; accountant C stock: Methodology for converting volume to biomass to carbon. Trees age and species: sampling and characterization, satellite images and processing Use of SELVA and GIS to process and estimate surface and growth; Collate and aggregate data for the main variables Use of compliance against ISO14064-part 3. WHEN Twice a year Annual Annual

22 Planning, design and implementation cycle of NAMAs: where does MV fit? Evaluate emissions reduction achieved Inform on activities and outcomes to key stakeholders M Monitor and record activity and emissions data and other progress and performance indicators Implement activities or actions, including MV M M Evaluate pilot results and adjust implementation plan and its activities / actions Search, negotiate and secure financing for full-scale implementation V V Implement first set of activities (pilot) of the NAMA M Consult and inform key stakeholders V Design measurement/monitoring, reporting and verification plan 20 implement 12 1 design 11 Define priorities and evaluate policy gaps 2 plan 10 Define mitigation objective for the NAMA 3 9 Define border, scope and type Develop baseline and emissions projections under existing circumstances (BAU) Model expected changes in emissions and evaluate V mitigation potential M V Estimate costs and financial needs of mitigation action Identify supporting and implementing institutions Identify and engage key stakeholders Prepare implementation plan with performance and progress indicators Evaluate expected impact based on implementation plan Identify barriers and levers for implementation

23 Building capacities Technical Knowledge and understanding about the sector where the action takes place Knowledge about methodologies to estimate emissions at national and at project level Data collection and management skills Use of databases, specialized software, statistics Technical dominion over measurement instruments Financial Knowledge about the funding source and its requirements for accessing funding (eligibility, application procedure) Team or staff trained in financial and accounting issues Understanding of reporting requirements Institutional Institutional setup (who is in charge of NAMAs? Who is in charge of climate change policy? Who acts as liaison to multilateral agencies?) Understanding of institutional obligations, responsibilities, and their limitations Legal Legal foundation for interaction or cross-sectorial action Mandate that sustains coordination efforts by one institution or body

24 THANK YOU