The gilded age ( )

Transcription

1 The gilded age ( )

2 This unit will be divided into two major parts: 1. industrialization & the labor movement 2. The development of cities and city life

3 Section one: Changes in the u.s.

4 Gild To cover thinly with gold and give false brilliance to

5 The U.S. during the gilded age Big business and industry was booming A lot of money being made Cities being built However Little workers rights Trash and pollution Anti-immigrant sentiments

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7 Why Was Industry on the Rise? 1. Natural resources 2. Human resources 3. New inventions 4. Improved transportation

8 Natural Resources Settlement of the West gains natural resources Water, timber, coal, iron, and copper Construction of the transcontinental railroad Transported settlers, miners, and resources

9 Cost of Natural Resources Because resources were domestic, companies on the East Coast could obtain them cheaply. RR transportation was easy and quick

10 Implications of Petroleum (Natural Oil) American oil industry was built on demand for kerosene 1859-First oil well drilled in Pennsylvania By 1900-Oil fields est. from PA to TX

11 Human Resources Population tripled between Larger families Immigration

12 New Inventions Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone.

13 Effects of the Telephone News traveled faster Increased communication Less isolated Westerners

14 Nikola Tesla Nikola Tesla develops alternating currents (electricity)

15 Bessemer Process First inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel

16 Standard Gauge for Railroads Common distance between the tracks on all railroads across the country Any train could go on any track Could go all the way across the country without moving items from train to train Quicker and cheaper

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18 Section Two: The Rise of Big Businesses

19 Advantages of Big Businesses Produce more goods cheaply and efficiently Can operate in poor economic times by cutting prices Result: Small companies forced out of business

20 Big Business Combinations Vertical Integration Horizontal Integration

21 Vertical Integration Company owns every aspect of production process and all of the different businesses used to produce a good Example: Andrew Carnegie (steel)

22 Vertical Integration continued

23 Andrew Carnegie Net Worth $480 million Today, he would be worth $310 billion *Kanye West is worth 145 million

24 Horizontal Integration Combining many firms engaged in the same type of business into one large corporation Example: John D. Rockefeller (oil)

25 Horizontal Integration continued

26 John D. Rockefeller Net Worth $526 million Today, he would be worth $340 billion *Taylor Swift is worth 200 million

27 Corporations Big businesses need lots of money Few laws regulated corporations

28 Monopoly When a single company achieves control of an entire market

29 Modern Examples of Monopolies

30 Trusts Developed by Rockefeller Ends competition A trust is a legal body created to hold stock in many companies, often in the same industry

31 Rockefeller s Trust Oil companies joined Rockefeller s trust, Standard Oil By 1880, the trust controlled 95% of all oil refining in the U.S. Set high price for oil that customers had to pay

32 John D. Rockefeller

33 Disparities in Wealth Despite industrialization, Workers Minorities Sharecroppers Southerners all remained disadvantaged.

34 Section THree: The Labor Movement

35 Big Business Brings Big Problems hour work days No sick days Low pay Dull, repetitive jobs Unsafe and unhealthy working conditions Workers breath in lint, dust, and toxic fumes

36 Terry Sawchuck Before the Invention of Hockey Masks

37 In your notes.. Why might business owners choose to operate in an undesirable unsafe manner that does not benefit workers?

38 Because It Was Cheap! No safety equipment saves money Average weekly wage: <$10 ($175 today) Families forced young children to work to get by If a worker took time off or had an unexpected bill, he or she usually went into debt

39 Workers Strive to Find a Solution Only other workers understood their plight Led to the formation of unions Union: group of workers who negotiate with business owners in order to obtain better wages and working conditions

40 The Knights of Labor Workers from different unions Goals: 8 hour work day, no child labor Allowed women and African Americans to join Gained nationwide attention Caused hundreds of workers to join the union

41 Racism in Unions Unions and big business owners practiced racist policies Exclude blacks from joining Chinese laborers received lower wages Hired minority workers only during strikes

42 Big Businesses Respond Workers are: Un-American Socialist Anarchist

43 Socialists Believe... Goods are owned collectively by the gov t and the community as a whole Not by individuals or companies

44 Anarchists Believe... Gov t is unnecessary and harmful Self-governed society

45 Continued Strikes After the Railroad Strike of 1877 Many workers went on strike Led to a protest meeting at Haymarket Square where someone threw a bomb Killed 7 policemen and 60 others Resulted in opposition to unions and a decline in membership