ECHO Approach to Drought Resilience in the Horn of Africa

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1 ECHO Approach to Drought Resilience in the Horn of Africa 5 th Africa Drought Adaptation Forum (ADAF5) «Reducing Drought Risk in Africa_Measuring Impact, Strategizing for the furture» Arusha, Tanzania, February, 2013

2 EU/ECHO and Disaster Risk Reduction EU Consensus on Humanitarian Aid Dec 2007 The EU Communication on the EU Strategy on DRR for developing countries Feb 2009/ Action plans/ council conclusions ECHO Policy Guidelines on DRR (under finalization) Hyogo framework for Action (HFA) AU Programme of Action for the Implementation of the Africa Regional Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction ( )

3 EU/ECHO and Resilience The EU communication on resilience: Communication from the commission to the European Parliament and the Council _ The EU approach to resilience: learning from food security crises 10 steps that will increase resilience and reduce the vulnerability of the world s most vulnerable people: Support to the design of National resilience strategy Disaster management plans and efficient early warning systems in disaster prone countries Putting forward innovative approaches to risk management Building on the promising results of the commission s resilience initiative: AGIR- Sahel and SHARE The EU s Supporting the Horn of Africa s Resilience (SHARE) A joint humanitariandevelopment approach to improve the ability of people, communities and countries to face persistent and acute emergencies

4 Definition and conceptual framework Resilience is the ability of an individual, a household, a community, a country or a region to withstand, adapt and to quickly recover from stresses and shocks (EU Communication on Resilience) In the HoA, mainly concerned with building resilience to drought in the context of increased vulnerability due to chronic structural causes - but also includes other shocks such as floods and natural resource based conflict (more on this later )

5 Definition and conceptual framework Multi-sectoral approach aimed to reduce risks (mainstream DRR) and improving rapid coping and adaptation at all levels; (DRR in between droughts to maximise resilience to the next drought) Aligning humanitarian action with longer term development processes: expansion/ contraction rather than start/ stop; Implies an in-depth understanding of the underlying causes of vulnerability (JHDF) and a long-term approach to build capacity to better manage future uncertainty and change, while retaining early response capacity; Requires a focused effort to identify resilience of whom to what

6 Reducing risk to enhance resilience: ECHO DRR Programming in the HoA Community-based approach with articulation to policy level 1. Building on the achievement of the past decisions, continue supporting Drought Risk Reduction, community-based operations =>Pilot DRR actions to bring solutions to the communities and cover gaps within existing DRR framework =>Attention to the vulnerabilities 2. Develop a library of well-documented, context-specific experiences through good monitoring, evaluation, and operational research critical for advocacy (capitalisation) 3. Dissemination of lessons learnt, share of good practices => Influencing JOINTLY government and development decision makers to implement lessons learnt and good practices

7 The challenges: how to increase the impact of our actions? Think of the processes beyond the project What are our good practices criteria? What exactly is to be scaled up to achieve large-scale impact? technologies, processes, projects, innovations, methodologies? Think of transition (or transformation) rather than exit Anchor any CDRR action within existing contextual system (government), frameworks (e.g. PRSP, MDG) and processes (decentralization) Find the balance between government-led/top down processes and community-driven/bottom-up measures

8 Doing business differently : challenges Coordination Many actors at many levels Relation between national and regional levels Humanitarian cluster vs. development sectoral coordination mechanisms Global alliance for coordination (work in progress) Alignment of Humanitarian and Development Aid IGAD vs. Country strategies With other donors: USAID, WB, EU/ECHO, DFID, etc. Strategy and Programming Joint programming needs to be preceded by joint strategy for development Beyond the programming phase (allocation of time/ resources) Doing business differently Moving away from start-stop Humanitarian action Paradigm shift towards finding ways to expand and contract long term investments to cover transitory/ emergency needs (e.g. social protection programmes) Define jointly target population/ beneficiaries Challenging conventional ways of working that clearly do not work. Overcoming resistance to change and vested interest.

9 Measurement Challenges 1. Dimensional: The multi-dimensional nature of the concept 1. Temporal: Resilience is a dynamic concept and constantly changing It is a factor of both long term and short term interventions and strategies. Requires time series (panel) data: scarce. 2. Unit of analysis: Each household s resilience will vary issues in aggregation from household to community level and beyond (district, national, regional etc) 3. Attribution: Very difficult to demonstrate any changes in resilience to specific factors such as programmes. Measuring resilience is difficult and not much work has been done, however there are some promising approaches

10 Preconditions for ECHO Engagement Most of the Pillars requires long-term development approaches, but ECHO can play an important role. Preconditions include: Align humanitarian action with development frameworks, such as the CPPs, and work closely with development partners (especially DEVCO) and governments; Critical need to profile wealth groups and livelihoods in order to design appropriate strategies that focus on geographic areas and specific target groups. Joint humanitarian-development framework to develop common understanding of underlying factors Multi-sectoral and multi-level engagements

11 Thank you... For more information: DG ECHO Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection European Commission - Humanitarian Aid & Civil Protection (ECHO) EU humanitarian

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