ANALYSIS OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY USING SPSS AND RII

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1 ANALYSIS OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY USING SPSS AND RII K. Lalithapriya 1, S. Deepalakshmi 2, TR.Arthi 3,G.Karthiga 4 1 Assistant Professor. Civil Engg. Mookambigai college of Engineering,Trichy, India, 234 Student of final year BE,Civil Engg, Mookambigai college of Engineering,Trichy. Abstract: Construction industry is one of the very fast growing industries but it also faces many problems which impinge on the performance of their projects. The aim of this study is to identify the safety factors affecting the local construction projects and to analyse them. A questionnaire is prepared from literature review. The questionnaire contains 5 parts that deals with the general information of the construction and respondent. The major 5 parts are Site management, Supervision, Staff supervision, Training, Administration and also includes the Environmental factors. The questionnaire survey was conducted in and around Trichy and pudukottai districts. The data collected through questionnaire survey was analysed using the SPSS software method and RII manual method. The top 7 safety factors affecting the performance of projects were identified as increase in material cost, inadequate supply of labour, incorrect planning, wrong method of estimation, Environmental & social factor, Handling and poor financial control on site. Keywords: Project management, Safety measures, Survey, Relative important index (RII), Social package for social science(spss). I.INTRODUCTION Construction industry plays foremost role in improvement and accomplishment of the target of society. Construction industry is the one of the largest and it adds to about 10% of the gross national product (GNP) in industrialised countries. Construction industry is complex in nature as it involves large number of parties such as clients, contractors, consultants, stake holders and regulators. Performance is associated with several factors such as time, cost, quality, client satisfication, productivity and safety. There are other genuine reason like closures, modification of drawings and changes of the design. Other ground affecting construction projects performance are poor management and guidance, poor relations and coordination, lack of motivation, insufficient infrastructure, political problems, cultural problems and economic conditions. In this study, factors affecting the performance of construction projects in the region of Trichy and around local construction will be analysed. This study aims at identifying the factors which are affecting the performance of construction projects and analysis of the factor using the SPSS software method and RII manual method and finding the means and ranking them accordingly. II.OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to find the safety factors which affects the performance of the construction projects in and around the regions of Trichy and Pudukottai. 1. To find the safety factors affecting the performance of construction projects. 2. To analyse the factors and rank the factors according to the mean. 3. To identify the critical safety factors which affecting the constraints. 4. To give suggestions and recommendations to improve the safety performance of the construction industry. 5. To improve the design of an intelligent building practices in construction sectors. DOI: /IJRTER TVJD 53

2 III. METHODOLOGY LITERATURE REVIEW PREPARATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY DATA ANALYSIS (SPSS, RII) RECOMMENDATIONS RESULT & DISCUSSION IV. PREPARATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE & QUESTIONAIRE SURVEY Based on the Literature Review we are considering seven major factors i.e Equipment s condition, Handling (Human errors), Supervisions, Safety measures, Labour s conditions, Planning, Environmental & Social factors. Each factor contains more than 5 questions which is related to the construction oriented safety measures. To minimize the possibility of the respondents not understanding the terminology and layout of the questions, the questionnaire was piloted based on their feedback some alterations were carried out. This study is descriptive as well as analytical, designed to obtain views from clients, consulting firms, regulatory boards and construction firms in regard to causes and effect of safety and disruption in construction projects V. DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES Among the many available methods in collecting data two methods were adopted, these are literature review and questionnaires. The first step involves general information collection, including both first-hand and second-hand data, in order to identify major themes from the literature. In the second step, with the literature review and unstructured interviews, important factors of safety were identified. With these factors, a questionnaire was formed and Survey was conducted. Questionnaires were used to gather information for the study. 50 out of 60 questionnaires returned, all were found fairly filled for the analysis. The population of the study comprises of clients, architectural and consulting firms, construction firms and contractors. The sample size of 50 respondents was considered. The sampling used was simple random sampling. The main advantage of random sampling is that each element in the universe has equal chance of being included. The random sampling method can be defined as the method of sample selection which gives each possible sample population an equal probability of being picked. VI. METHODS A. SPSS SOFTWARE Analysis of the result was done using SPSS Software. SPSS Statistics is a software package used for statistical analysis. The software name originally stood for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), reflecting the original market, although the software is now popular in other fields as well, including the health sciences and marketing. All the responses obtained from the questionnaires are entered in to the software. First, the variables or the questions are entered in the data view, Then, the responses are entered into the software from the various data entered into the software, frequency can be found which is used to determine the importance All Rights Reserved 54

3 B. RII MANUAL METHOD The sample for this study is relatively small. As a result, the analysis had combined all groups of respondents (clients, consultants, contractors and regulatory boards) in order to obtain significant results. Data was analysed by calculating frequencies and Relative Importance Index (RII). The data analysis was carried out using SPSS. SPSS was used to generate the frequency (fi) of the response category index for the cause and effect factors. The relative importance index (RII) for each factor was calculated using the frequency data for each response categories generated from SPSS. The Relative Importance Index (RII) is calculated as follows: RII = W A * N Where, W = weight given to each factor by respondents A = highest weight and N = total number of respondents. For the purpose of this study A=4 and N=40. However, amongst 40 returned questionnaires some of the causes and effects were not ranked thus N varies. Part 1 : SPSS Results VII. RESULTS Figure 1: SPSS WINDOWS PAGE Figure 2: SPSS WORKING WINDOWS Table 1: Result of SPSS DESCRIPTIVE FACTOR MEAN RANKING Equipments VII Handling IV Supervision III Labour s All Rights Reserved 55

4 Planning V Safety measures I Environmental & social factor VI SPSS RESULT Safety measures Supervision Planning Equipments Labours Handling Environmental & Social Factors Graph 2 : Shows result of Descriptive factor Part 2 : RII Results Top 7 causes ranked by Relative Importance Index (RII) technique. The relative importance index, RII, was computed for each cause to identify the most significant causes. The Top 7 causes ranked by Relative Important Index(RII) causes were ranked based on RII values. From the technique ranking assigned to each cause of delays, it was possible to identify the most important factors or causes of safety. Table 1: Result of RII DESCRIPTIVE FACTOR MEAN RANKING Equipments VII Handling IV Supervision III Labour s II Planning V Safety measures I Environmental&social factor All Rights Reserved 56

5 RII RESULT Safety measures Labours Supervision Handling Planning Environmental & Social Factors Equipments Graph 1 : Shows result of Descriptive factor VII. REMEDIAL MEASURES From the results obtained, we can say that considering the importance factor labour safety problems., communication problems, late deliveries of materials, site management problems, changes during construction payment, weather etc.. are the reasons behind safety. Thus, they should be considered with while Planning a project. So the recommendations that can be given are, 1. There should be a clear understanding of the planning of the project as well as economic ability of the client. They should also have an idea about the safety measures for supervisiors. 2. Payment should be made on time, without affecting the flow of materials and ongoing work. 3. There should be good communication between the various participants of the project. Any changes in the plan or drawing should be communicated to all. 4. There should be communication from top-tier to bottom and vice versa. 5. Not only an understanding of the causes of safety is needed, but an awareness of its effects is also important. 6. Time and cost overrun are to implicit effects of safety. Other effects are also present such as claims, disputes, and arbitration etc.. 7. There should a trained and experienced team to handle these. VIII. CONCLUSION The various conclusions of the project study are: While a few of the safety issues cannot be avoided, most of them can be controlled through proper planning and scheduling. Reasons that may lead to safety issues in construction must be understood before planning and proper planning along with float should be provided while scheduling. Thus, a proper plan can avoid accident to a certain limit. From this study, The most important factors that need to be attended while planning are: economy, communication and work order. This findings are limited to a certain extend due to the locations of the sites. So, they may All Rights Reserved 57

6 for a different location. From the study, it is concluded that time overrun is the most common effect of a safety, which leads to many other problems. This study do not consider the interrelationships of various factors or the extend of their effects. This can be made subject to address in another study. IX. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to god almighty who has given me the strength to complete this work. My project was possible only because of the encouragement I received from the quarters. I take this opportunity to thank and wish to express my sincere gratitude to my guide Ms.K.LalithaPriya, (Assistant professor and Department of Civil Enginnering) for her valuable encouragement, support and motivation to carry out this work. I would like to extend my special thanks to my Parents and Friends. REFERENCES I. T.Subramani, V.Jayaraman, " Analysis Of Construction Workers Migrate From Industries", International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 4, Issue 5, pp , II. T.Subramani, M.Sekar, " Preplanning And Scheduling Of Safety Construction By Using PPM", International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 4, Issue 5, pp , III. T.Subramani, K.Chinnadurai, " Construction Management And Scheduling Of Residential Building Using Primavera" International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 4, Issue 5, pp , IV. T.Subramani., P.S.Sruthi,.M.Kavitha., Causes Of Cost Overrun In Construction, IOSR Journal of Engineering,Volume. 4, Issue. 6 (Version 3), pp 1-7, V. T.Subramani., A.Sarkunam., J.Jayalakshmi Planning And Scheduling Of High Rise Building Using Primavera, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Volume. 4, Issue. 6 (Version 5), pp , VI. T.Subramani., P.T.Lishitha, M.Kavitha, Time Overrun And Cost Effectiveness In The Construction Industry, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Volume. 4, Issue. 6 (Version 5), pp , VII. T.Subramani., R.Lordsonmillar., Safety Management Analysis In Construction Industry, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Volume. 4, Issue. 6 (Version 5), pp , VIII. Aftab Hameed Memon, Ismail Abdul Rahman, Ade Asmi Abdul Aziz, Kumarason V. Ravish, and Noor Ikmalah Mohammad Hanas (2011) Identifying Construction Resource Factors Affecting Construction Cost. IX. Aftab Hameed Memon(2012) the cause factors of large project s cost overrun. X. Bradley A. Kramer And Ching-Lai Hwang (1990) Resource Constrained Project Scheduling. XI. Ellen Lau, Janet Jiahui Kong (2011) Identification of Constraints in Construction Projects to Improve Performance. XII. Ismail Abdul Rahman 2012 the cause factors of large project s cost overrun: a survey in the southern part of peninsular Malaysia Vol-7. XIII. John Sheppard Norwood (2000) An Evaluation of the Time Constrained and Resource Constrained Scheduling Features of Commercially Available Project Management Software. XIV. SK.Nagaraju,B.Sivakond (2012) Resource Management in Construction Projects a case study ISSN: , Vol.2. XV. Robert Lowell (1976) Preston Management Of Construction Resources. XVI. Rajiv Chavada, construction workspace management (2015) the development and application of a novel and planning approach and tool ISSN XVII. Mr. Salim S. Mulla (2015) A Study of Factors Caused for Time & Cost Overruns in Construction Project & their Remedial Measures ISSN : , Vol 5. XVIII. M. P.Venkatesh,C.Umarani (2013) Study on Factors Influence of Resource Constraints in Time Overrun of Construction Projects Vol.2 ISSN NO All Rights Reserved 58