GENERAL CERTIFICATE IN ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE LEVEL 1 Workbook : Apply Health and Safety Principles In Horticulture

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1 - 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, and recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the copyright owners..

2 - 2 A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s Developed by Lifestyle College With special thanks to: Tasha Tollman - design Ken Wainman from Kensan-ji Environmental Design

3 - 3 Contents Page DESCRIPTION PG NO Study Session Overview 4 The Unit Standard : Applying Health and Safety Principles in Horticulture 7 Lesson 1 : Why is safety important? 13 Lesson 2 : Workplace Safety 21 Lesson 3 : Employee Safety 36 Lesson 4 : Transporting Safely 57 Lesson 5 : Emergency Situations 68 References

4 - 4 Study Session Overview Purpose The purpose of this study session is to equip you with the knowledge necessary to show an understanding of the personal health and safety principles to be used in your workplace. This study session forms part of the General Certificate in Horticulture, NQF level 1 and is aligned with the Unit Standard: Apply Health and Safety Principles in Horticulture, which carries 3 credits. Who is it for? This study session and unit standard form the knowledge base for people working with plants within the ornamental horticulture or landscaping industry and gives the learner the skills and knowledge necessary to: Explain the relevant sections of the health and safety act that affect learners in the workplace. Understand the duties and responsibilities of employers to provide a safe working environment. Explain the duties and responsibilities of employees. Understand the requirements for the safe transporting of staff and equipment. React in an emergency situation.

5 - 5 What's in it for you? The skills acquired in this study session will equip you with the skills and knowledge needed to be show an understanding of personal health and safety principles to be used in the workplace. These skills and knowledge form the basis of your horticultural studies and help you to: Explain the importance of following safety procedures. Describe the provisions of the OHS that affect the horticultural industry. Detail the requirements necessary for a safe working environment. Describe the measures that must be taken to maintain a safe working environment. Identify and explain three examples of each of the following signs/symbols that are found in the workplace information signs/symbols, instructional signs/symbols, fire prevention signs/symbols and warning signs/symbols. List the protective personal equipment (PPE) to be used in the workplace. Describe the safe use of equipment used in the workplace. Explain the care and maintenance of PPE and equipment used in the workplace. Identify hazards in the work environment. Explain the reporting procedures for health and safety hazards. Explain the importance of good housekeeping. Describe the condition and state of vehicles to be used for the transporting of staff or equipment. Explain the requirements for the safe transporting of staff on vehicles.

6 - 6 Describe the loading of large and small equipment on vehicles. Explain the points to be considered in an emergency situation. Demonstrate the basic first aid to be used in an emergency situation. Demonstrate the use of fire fighting equipment to be used in the relevant emergency situation. What about assessment? If you can demonstrate basic first aid to be used in an emergency situation, use fire fighting equipment in relevant emergency situations and answer all the knowledge questions in the summative assessment, you will receive credits for a competent rating on your assessments. These credits contribute 1 unit standard and 3 credits towards the National Certificate in Ornamental Horticulture Learnership at NQF Level 1. The laid down policies and procedures with regard to assessment, moderation, RPL and appeals govern this assessment. You will be rated "Competent" or "Not Yet Competent" against the assessment criteria.

7 - 7 Unit Standard Title Apply health and safety principles in horticulture Number Level 1 Credits 3 Field Agriculture and Nature Conservation Sub field Horticulture Issue date Learning assumed to be in place Demonstrate knowledge of communication and Numeracy at Abet level 3. Specific Outcomes 1. Explain the relevant sections of the health and safety act that affect learners in the workplace. Assessment Criteria 1.1. Explain the importance of following safety procedures Describe the provisions of the OHS that affect the horticultural industry. 2. Demonstrate an understanding of the duties and responsibilities of employers to provide a safe working environment Detail the requirements necessary for a safe working environment Describe the measures that must be taken to maintain a safe working environment Identify and explain 3 examples of each of the following signs/symbols that are found in the workplace information signs/symbols, instructional signs/symbols, fire prevention signs/symbols and warning signs/symbols.

8 - 8 Specific Outcomes 3. Explain the duties and responsibilities of employees. Assessment Criteria 3.1. List the protective personal equipment (PPE) to be used in the workplace Describe the safe use of equipment used in the workplace explain the care and maintenance of PPE and equipment used in the workplace 3.4. Identify hazards in the work environment Explain the reporting procedures for health and safety hazards Explain the importance of good housekeeping. 4. Demonstrate an understanding of the requirements for the safe transporting of staff and equipment Describe the condition and sate of vehicles to be used for the transporting of staff or equipment Explain the requirements for the safe transporting of staff on vehicles Describe the loading of large and small equipment on vehicles. 5. React in an emergency situation Explain the points to be considered in an emergency situation Demonstrate the basic first aid to be used in an emergency situation Demonstrate the use of fire fighting equipment to be used in the relevant emergency situation.

9 - 9 Embedded Knowledge Embedded knowledge is reflected within the assessment criteria of each specific outcome and must be assessed in its own right, through oral and written evidence. Observation cannot be the only assessment. Critical Cross Field Outcomes Identify and solve problems in which responses display that responsible decisions using critical and creative thinking have been made specific outcome 2, 4 and 5. Work effectively with others as a member of a team, group, organisation or community. Specific outcome 5. Organise and manage oneself and one s activities responsibly and effectively. Specific outcome 2, 4 and 5 Collect, analyse, organise and critically evaluate information. Specific outcome 2, 4 and 5. Communicate effectively using visual, mathematical and/or language skills in the modes of oral and/or written presentation. Specific outcome 3 and 5. Use science and technology effectively and critically, showing responsibility toward the environment and health of others. Specific outcome 2, 3, 4 and 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the world as a set of related systems by recognising that problem-solving contexts do not exist in isolation. Specific outcome 1, 4 and 5.

10 - 10 Unit Standard Accreditation and Moderation Options 1. Internal moderation. 2. External moderation. 3. Moderation of assessment will be overseen by the relevant ETQA, according to the moderation guidelines in the relevant qualification the agreed ETQA procedures. 4. Internal assessment. 5. External assessment with the relevant registered/accredited industry body/etqa. 6. An Assessor accredited by the relevant ETQA, will assess the Learner s competency. 7. Formative and summative assessment of qualifying Learners against this unit standard should be in alignment with the requirements of the NSB. 8. Practical assessment activities will be used that are appropriate to the contents in which the qualifying Learners are working. 9. Assessment will include self and peer assessment, practical and oral assessment, observations, questions and answers, etc. 10. Direct observation is required in simulated or actual work conditions. 11. Reporting skills are demonstrated by effective communication, using verbal and/or writing skills. 12. Assessment is to be structured to include formative and summative component, as well as the submission of a Portfolio of Evidence. 13. The assessment should ensure that all the specific outcomes, critical cross field outcomes and embedded knowledge are assessed. 14. Specific outcomes must be assessed in their own right, through oral and practical evidence and cannot be assessed by observation only.

11 - 11 Essential embedded knowledge must be assessed in their own right, through oral and practical evidence and cannot be assessed by observation only. 15. Special outcomes and essential embedded knowledge must be assessed in relation to each other. 16. If qualifying Learners are able to explain the essential embedded knowledge, but are unable to perform the specific outcomes, then they should not be assessed as competent. 17. If qualifying Learners are able to perform specific outcomes, but are unable to explain the essential embedded knowledge, they should not be assessed as competent. 18. Evidence of the specified critical cross-field outcomes should be found, both in performance and in essential embedded knowledge. 19. Assessment activities must be fair, so that all Learners have equal opportunities. Activities must be free of gender, ethnic or other bias. 20. This unit standard can be assessed together with any other relevant registered unit standard.

12 - 12 Who does what? You are expected to actively take part in the lessons by: Asking questions. Planning and preparing for your training and assessment. Completing the assessment tasks that you are given. Telling your trainer when you need help or don t understand. Your learning will be supported in the following ways: Your trainer will provide you with all the necessary training material. Your trainer will manage the learning process during the training. The assessor will plan and prepare you for assessment, assess your competence and provide feedback to you and any follow up assessments that may be necessary.

13 - 13 Lesson 1 : Why is Safety Important? Specific outcomes of this lesson : Explain the relevant sections of the Health and Safety Act that affect learners in the workplace. After you have worked through Lesson 1, you should be able to: Explain the importance of following safety procedures. Describe the provisions of the Occupational Health and Safety Act that affect the horticultural industry. Why is workplace safety important? Understanding and following health and safety rules in the workplace: Keeps you from injuring yourselves or other people when you are working with lawnmowers, pruning tools and other machinery. Keeps you safe when you are working with insecticides, pesticides, weed killers and other chemicals which can be dangerous. Helps you to protect public and private property. Helps you to take care of the environment.

14 - 14 So what health and safety rules should you follow in your workplace? The OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT or OHS for short, is a government regulated law that sets out all the health and safety rules that you and your employer need to follow. This act states that it is your employer s responsibility and duty to provide a safe working environment for all its workers. The act states that to create this safe working environment employers must: Appoint and train a safety representative in workplace safety and first aid. Create a safety committee where there are more than 50 workers employed in a section. Train all workers properly in their jobs. Check that all drivers have valid drivers licenses. Tell all workers about the company s safety rules, regulations and procedures that need to be followed. Have safely constructed buildings and stores. Put up safety signs in the workplace. Issue all workers with suitable protective clothing for their specific kind of work. Properly and safely maintain all machinery and equipment that is used. Safely store all dangerous chemicals and substances that are used.

15 - 15 The act states that to create this safe working environment you, the employee, must: Take care for the health and safety of yourself and other people. Co-operate and obey any safety instruction you get from your employer, safety representative or other government health official. Report to your management or safety representative any unsafe or unhealthy situation that you may come across. Report immediately or no later than the end of your shift/day any accident which has happened to you, to your management, safety representative or any other person authorized to deal with safety issues. So can you see that the OHS makes sure that: You, the employee, are protected against dangerous working conditions. Your employer and the public are protected against loss of income and/or damage to property.

16 - 16 If you don t obey this law: You could seriously injury yourself and end up in hospital. You could lose your life and your family would not be able to get any money in the future. You could lose a limb, leaving you disabled and unable to work for the rest of your life and you would not be able to get any money. You could get sick or poisoned and not be able to work for some time and as so lose your income. You could become hearing or sight impaired that could leave you without a job or income. You could seriously injure someone else and they could end up in hospital. The environment could become polluted and other people, plants and animals could become sick or die. You could cause damage to someone else s property. You could face a criminal investigation and end up with a criminal record. Your employer could face a criminal investigation and end up with a criminal record.

17 - 17 Your Turn ACTIVITY 1 Describe how the requirements of the OHS affect the horticultural industry.

18 - 18 Your Turn ACTIVITY 2 Why it is important to follow safety procedures?

19 - 19 Lesson Checkpoint Now that you have worked through this lesson, please check that you are able to do all the specific outcomes and meet the assessment criteria: Explain the importance of following safety procedures. Describe the provision of the OHS that affect the horticultural industry.

20 - 20 NOTES:

21 - 21 Lesson 2 : Workplace Safety Specific outcomes of this lesson : Understand the duties and responsibilities of employers to provide a safe working environment. After you have worked through Lesson 2, you should be able to: Detail the requirements necessary for a safe working environment. Describe the measures that must be taken to maintain a safe working environment. Identify and explain 3 examples of each of the following signs/symbols that are found in the workplace information signs/symbols, instructional signs/symbols, fire prevention signs/symbols and warning signs/symbols.

22 - 22 What is a safe working environment? A safe working environment is a workplace that: Displays safety signs: Keeps its tools and equipment in good working condition: Maintains vehicles in good working condition: Takes steps to prevent accidents and problems: Safety signs are displayed to tell all workers what safety measures need to be obeyed, followed and what to do and what not to do. Tools and equipment are regularly checked, serviced and kept in good working condition. Vehicles are regularly checked, serviced and maintained in good working condition. Holds safety meetings at least every 3 months to discuss safety issues with the workers, management and the safety officer/representative Regularly conducts health and safety inspections in the work place. Reduces dangers and hazards: Fixes any reported problems as soon as possible. Investigates reported accidents so that the workman s compensation fund can pay for medical treatment.

23 - 23 Appoints and trains safety representatives and safety committees: Safety representatives and safety committees are appointed and trained by the employer in the rules and regulations of the OHS act. The company trains workers on: Trains workers: The safety rules of the company. What personal protective clothing to wear at all times whilst doing their jobs. How to look after and maintain the tools and equipment. How to report problems and accidents. How to do their jobs. Checks that all drivers have valid licenses.

24 - 24 Your Turn ACTIVITY 3 What are the requirements for a safe working environment?

25 - 25 Your Turn ACTIVITY 4 What do you need to do to maintain a safe working environment?

26 - 26 What kinds of safety signs are there in the workplace? Let s take a look at the four different types of signs that you will come across in your workplace, these are: Information signs/symbols. These signs can either be written or use symbols to tell you where you can go to find important places like the first aid centre, emergency collection points or fire extinguishers, etc. Some examples of these signs are: EMERGENCY COLLECTION POINT FIRST AID FIRE EXTINGUISHER

27 - 27 Instructional signs/symbols. These signs can either be written or use symbols to give you direction about what you should or shouldn t be doing, for example these signs tell you where you are not allowed to go, what you are not allowed to be doing in this area or what you should be using in this area. Some examples of these signs are: NO UNAUTHORISED ENTRY NO PACKING / STORAGE WEAR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

28 - 28 Fire prevention signs/symbols. These signs can either be written or use symbols and tell you what you should not do if you don t want to start a fire or what to use if you want to put out a fire. Some examples of these signs are: N0 SMOKING NO FIRES

29 - 29 Warning signs/symbols These signs can either be written or use symbols to warn you when certain materials or chemicals you are going to use are dangerous or poisonous. Some examples of these signs are: POISONOUS CORROSIVE EXPLOSIVE

30 - 30 Your Turn ACTIVITY 5 Walk around your workplace and find examples of: Information signs/symbols Instructional signs/symbols Fire prevention signs/symbols Warning signs/symbols Draw and name the information signs you found: How did you know these were information signs?

31 - 31 ACTIVITY 5 Walk around your workplace and find examples of: Information signs/symbols Instructional signs/symbols Fire prevention signs/symbols Warning signs/symbols Draw and name the instructional signs you found: How did you know these were instructional signs?

32 - 32 ACTIVITY 5 Walk around your workplace and find examples of: Information signs/symbols Instructional signs/symbols Fire prevention signs/symbols Warning signs/symbols Draw and name the fire prevention signs you found: How did you know these were fire prevention signs?

33 - 33 ACTIVITY 5 Walk around your workplace and find examples of: Information signs/symbols Instructional signs/symbols Fire prevention signs/symbols Warning signs/symbols Draw and name the warning signs you found: How did you know these were warning signs?

34 - 34 Lesson Checkpoint Now that you have worked through this lesson, please check that you are able to do all the specific outcomes and meet the assessment criteria: I can detail the requirements necessary for a safe working environment. I can describe the measures that must be taken to maintain a safe working environment. I can identify and explain 3 examples of each of the following signs/symbols that are found in the workplace information signs/symbols, instructional signs/symbols, fire prevention signs/symbols and warning signs/symbols.

35 - 35 Notes:

36 - 36 Lesson 3 : Employee Safety Specific outcomes of this lesson : Explain the duties and responsibilities of employees After you have worked through Lesson 3, you should be able to: List the Protective Personal Equipment (PPE) to be used in the workplace. Describe the safe use of equipment used in the workplace. Explain the care and maintenance of PPE and equipment used in the workplace. Identify hazards in the work environment. Explain the reporting procedures for health and safety hazards. Explain the importance of good housekeeping.

37 - 37 Hazards in the workplace There are many things that can cause injury in the workplace. It is important that you can identify these hazards and know what you need to do in order to keep your workplace healthy and safe. Let s take a look at some of the more common hazards that can occur in the workplace: PPE not being worn. Damaged lawnmowers, brush cutters, chain saws. Damaged tools such as broken pick handles, loose pick heads and spades and forks without handles. Machinery that doesn t have proper stone guards or a safety cutoff switch. Broken electrical connections on equipment. Unsafe or badly built buildings and stores. Open holes in the ground with no danger tape or other warning around it. Leaking chemicals or fuels. Tools not being stored properly in their designated storage area. Materials stored under or around fire fighting equipment so that in the event of a fire no one can reach the fire extinguisher. Tools and materials stored too high on shelves so that they cannot be easily reached.

38 - 38 Chemicals that are not stored in a specially built chemical store with proper ventilation and a lowered floor to prevent spilled chemicals from poisoning the environment and people. Fires being made too close to fuel storage areas or chemical stores. Tools, equipment and materials laying around not properly stored away.

39 - 39 Your Turn ACTIVITY 6 Walk around your workplace and see if you can identify any hazards.

40 - 40 Let s take a look at what you can do to prevent or minimize these hazards in your workplace. Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) You need to wear all PPE issued to you by the company. Let s take a look at what Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) could be issued to you? PPE Description General workers should be issued with a coloured overall. Overalls must be clean and fit properly. Loose or broken overalls can get caught in machinery and could cause injury to you. Overalls Pesticide operators should be issued with white overalls because this will clearly show any marks or stains. These overalls should be washed daily to make sure that any chemicals don t soak into the overalls and then onto your skin.

41 - 41 PPE Description Your hardhat should have a visor and ear muffs and is used to protect your head on construction sites. The ear muffs will protect your ears when working with loud machinery such as lawnmowers and brush cutters. Hardhat The visor (or safety glasses) protects your eyes from flying debris especially when working on machines in a workshop or operating brush cutters, lawnmowers and chain saws. Gloves Steel capped boots Reflective vests Dust or gas mask Ear muffs and visor must fit properly and must not be broken- if they are you could lose your hearing or eye sight. Protect your hands against chemical contamination or injury. Protects your feet from heavy objects falling on them or from injuring yourself with tools such as digging forks, spades and lawnmowers. Boots must be laced up and must not be broken. Especially important in making you easier to see by motorists when working in public places. This will stop you from breathing in dust or chemical fumes and gasses when working in work shops or with poisonous chemicals. Dust and gas mask filters need to be replaced regularly for them to work properly.

42 - 42 PPE Description Safety harnesses This is important to workers who have to work off the ground such as pruning up trees and tree felling.

43 - 43 Your Turn ACTIVITY 7 List the Personal Protective Equipment that must be worn in your workplace.

44 - 44 Use tools and equipment in a safe way. Make sure that you use your workplace tools and equipment in a safe way by: Checking that you are wearing the right PPE for the job, if you are not sure ask your supervisor or safety representative. Check that the tools and equipment you will be using are in good working condition: Equipment Check Check for the following- Lawnmowers The throttle- this will set the engine speed. The choke this is used only for starting the engine when it is cold The emergency stop switch- all mowers have these, even electric ones. The fuel tap- usually just under the tank on the fuel line leading to the carburetor. The height adjustment leaver(s). If the mower is a self propelled machine, check the positioning of the clutch lever and hand brake. On most petrol and electric cylinder mowers there is an additional lever for engaging the blades separately from the clutch. If you are using an electrical lawn mower, you will also need to check that the:

45 - 45 On/off switch is in working order. Cable is not broken or frayed. Plug connections are tight and secure and that there are no exposed electrical wires. Check that your tools and equipment are: Are sharp enough to do the job. All other tools and equipment Have no chipped blades, broken parts or loose heads and handles because these tools can be dangerous and lead to injuries. If your tools are broken, hand them to your supervisor for fixing, don t pack them away. Report any broken equipment to your safety representative and do not try to fix it if you are not authorized to do so. Check that you know how to operate the equipment don t try operating equipment that you know nothing about, if you re not sure ask your supervisor. Only use the tools and equipment for the purpose they are meant to do. Obey the safety rules that come with the operational manual for the equipment. Obey all the safety signs in the area.

46 - 46 Your Turn ACTIVITY 8 What tools do you use in your workplace? Describe how you would safely use these tools and equipment.

47 - 47 Looking after your PPE, tools and equipment After using your PPE, tools and equipment and before you pack them away for the day, you need to make sure that they are: Clean and sterilized: All tools should be carefully washed down after use, especially where they may have soil on them, for example when you have done some root pruning. If you have been pruning diseased plants, make sure that you clean and sterilise your pruning tools before you prune other plants, so that you do not spread the disease to your other plants. Tools should be dried and then sterilized with either alcohol or methylated spirits. Make sure that your PPE is clean. Pesticide operators should use white overalls which must be washed daily- this makes sure that chemicals don t soak into the overalls and then into your skin.

48 - 48 Sharp: Keep your tools sharp at all times and always check that your blades are sharp enough to do the next job. There are many different ways to sharpen pruning tools and how you go about sharpening them will depend on what type of pruning tool you are using, so always check with your supervisor. Remember that tools that are not sharp can bruise and damage the plants being pruned and this will allow insects and diseases to attack your plants. Rust free: Where necessary rub oil into the blades and other metal pieces to prevent your tools from rusting, especially when you are using them in rainy weather. Safe for future use: Check that your tools have no chipped blades or broken parts and that your laces, ear muffs and visors have no broken parts because damaged or broken PPE and tools can be dangerous and lead to injuries. If your tools or PPE are broken, hand them to your supervisor for fixing, don t pack them away.

49 - 49 Stored away safely After you have checked your tools, store your tools under lock and key, in a cool, dry place. Don t leave your tools lying out in the rain because they will rust and this will cause your tools to break, become blunt and can cause injury to yourself or others. Make sure that you store the tools away in their designated storage area and according to your workplace safety procedures. Check that you haven t stored any equipment: o Under or around fire fighting equipment. o Too high on shelves so that they cannot be easily reached.. Blades that do not have protective covers must face into the shelf because they can cut or hurt anyone entering into the area. Make sure that anyone else using the area will not cut their hand when reaching out for the tool to remove it from the shelf. Make sure that chemicals are stored in a specially built chemical store with proper ventilation and a lowered floor to prevent spilled chemicals from poisoning the environment and people.

50 - 50 Your Turn ACTIVITY 9 Explain how you would care for and maintain your PPE, tools and equipment.

51 - 51 Keep your workplace clean If there is water on the floor where you are working on electrical equipment you could get electrocuted. If the floors are dirty and dusty you could slip and hurt yourself Steel rakes laying upside down (with the teeth pointing up) break noses if stood on! Spilled oils that are not wiped up are slippery and you could fall and injure yourself. Old tools and rubbish laying around can cause you to trip or may hurt you if you walk into them by accident. Spilled chemicals that are not washed up cause fumes in the air that can make you sick. If anyone touches these chemicals they can also get sick. Many pesticides and chemicals are flammable and cause a fire. Some chemicals when mixing with other chemicals can cause a fire or explosion. Tools and equipment that are not packed away may also cause a vehicle accident. All fire fighting equipment must be easily and quickly accessible in case of an emergency.

52 - 52 Your Turn ACTIVITY 10 Why is good housekeeping important?

53 - 53 Reporting Procedures From time to time things can and will go wrong and you need to report to your supervisor or manager or safety representative: Any unsafe situation. Any defective or unsafe equipment. The OHS act says: In the event of an accident you must report the accident and details of the accident IMMEDIATELY to your supervisor or safety representative. If it is not too serious you must report it before the end of your shift. You must seek medical advise immediately. (this is very important for Workman s Compensation to pay the medical bills for you) For persons working with noisy machinery and/or chemicals a monthly checkup with a medical doctor is necessary to prevent any long term hearing loss or poisoning. The safety representative must report any safety issues to the management or safety committee. Regular, monthly safety checks must be done by the safety representative or other person authorized to do so. These checks must be reported to the management or safety committee who will then address the issues.

54 - 54 Your Turn ACTIVITY 11 Explain how you would report health and safety hazards in your workplace.

55 - 55 Lesson Checkpoint Now that you have worked through this lesson, please check that you are able to do all the specific outcomes and meet the assessment criteria: I can list the Protective Personal Equipment (PPE) to be used in the workplace. I can describe the safe use of equipment used in the workplace. I can explain the care and maintenance of PPE and equipment used in the workplace. I can identify hazards in the work environment. I can explain the reporting procedures for health and safety hazards. I can explain the importance of good housekeeping.

56 - 56 Notes:

57 - 57 Lesson 4 : Transporting Safely Specific outcomes of this lesson : Understand the requirements for the safe transporting of staff and equipment. After you have worked through Lesson 4, you should be able to: Describe the condition and state of vehicles to be used for the transporting of staff or equipment. Explain the requirements for the safe transporting of staff on vehicles. Describe the loading of large and small equipment on vehicles.

58 - 58 Vehicle safety: All vehicles must be in a safe and roadworthy condition. Vehicles must have: To be able to stop properly. Good brakes and handbrake Lights that are working Good shock absorbers Windscreen wipers that are in good condition Seating Steps up the side of trucks A canopy Not have smooth tyres To avoid an accident or to be able to park on a slope without moving. To be properly visible to other cars and to be able to see properly at night. To allow the brakes to work properly and to keep the vehicle safely on the road. To allow the driver to see properly in rainy conditions. In the back of trucks that are going to transport people. That are going to transport people so that they can climb on and off safely. Over open trucks and vehicles used to transport people to protect them from rain. To prevent the vehicle from skidding out of control.

59 - 59 Your Turn ACTIVITY 12 Describe the condition and state that a vehicle needs to be in, if it is to be used for the safe transporting of staff or equipment.

60 - 60 Transport and loading goods safely DO NOT overload! o Overloading causes the vehicle s front wheels to lift so that they do not stay properly on the road surface. OVERLOADING

61 - 61 Pack heavier goods to the front of the vehicle so that the weight is spread more evenly across all the wheels. INCORRECT LOADING CORRECT LOADING Pack large goods so that they do not obstruct the driver in any way. Pack loose goods so that they cannot fall off on the road and cause an accident

62 - 62 Heavy goods should be securely tied down so that they do not move around when the vehicle takes corners, breaks or accelerates. When loading heavy goods onto a vehicle the following should be done: o Heavy machinery that can drive park the truck against a ramp and drive the machinery onto the truck. Be sure to tie the machine down, chock the wheels and pull up the handbrake before proceeding. o Heavy machinery that cannot drive Make use of a fork lift or crane to lift the goods on. o Heavy goods that can be loaded by workers use a ramp up to the truck and slide the goods up. Do not try to pick these goods up as you can seriously injure your back!

63 - 63 USE RAMPS FOR HEAVY GOODS o Lighter goods that can be loaded by workers. Pass the goods up to another worker on the truck to pack them. Do not throw smaller goods like plants up to the packer as any soil that comes loose could cause injury to his eye.(and damage the plants) o Always pack the smaller goods to the front of the vehicle so that the weight can be evenly spread across all the wheels It is a good idea to load large equipment onto a separate vehicle. Make sure that staff are seated before moving the vehicle. Drive at a speed relative to the road surface and avoid hazards in the road like stones, tree stumps and holes.

64 - 64 Your Turn ACTIVITY 13 What will you do to make sure that staff, are transported safely?

65 - 65 Your Turn ACTIVITY 14 Describe how you will load large and small equipment onto vehicles.

66 - 66 Lesson Checkpoint Now that you have worked through this lesson, please check that you are able to do all the specific outcomes and meet the assessment criteria: I can control describe the condition and state of vehicles to be used for the transporting of staff or equipment. I can explain the requirements for the safe transporting of staff. I can describe the loading of large and small equipment on vehicles.

67 - 67 Notes:

68 - 68 Lesson 5 : Emergency Situations Specific outcomes of this lesson : React in an emergency situation. After you have worked through Lesson 5, you should be able to: Explain the points to be considered in an emergency situation. Demonstrate the basic first aid to be used in an emergency situation. Demonstrate the use of fire fighting equipment to be used in the relevant emergency situation. First Aid Kit Each team at your workplace must have a first aid kit that has at least the following;- Plasters Bandages and gauze Antiseptic cream or mercurochrome Rubber gloves Pain tablets A small scissors

69 - 69 It is important that the first aid kit is checked regularly to make sure everything that should be there is there. Also check that any medications like pain tablets and creams have not expired- check this by looking for the expiry date printed on the bottle or tube. If there are things missing or medicines that have expired throw them out and replace with new ones.

70 - 70 What must you do in an emergency situation? In an emergency you need to look after your own personal safety and the safety of others, so: 1. Firstly, STAY CALM!! 2. Secondly, make sure you or other people move away from the dangerous situation. 3. Third, Call IMMEDIATELY for assistance by phoning emergency services or reporting the matter to the safety representative or management. Emergency Situation DO NOT MOVE SOMEONE WHO HAS BEEN SERIOUSLY INJURED!! If they have any broken bones, moving them could cause more injury! If the person is physically injured: If the person is bleeding make sure you wear rubber gloves from the first aid kit so that you do not touch his/her blood. Make the person comfortable and get them to sit or lie down. You can help stop bleeding by wrapping the wound tightly in bandages. Apply pressure (push down on) to the wound

71 - 71 Emergency Situation after you have put the bandages on. Smaller cuts and wounds must first be cleaned with water, of any dirt. Apply mercurochrome or antiseptic cream to the cut so that it is sterile. The smaller cuts can be covered with a plaster or bandage depending how big the wound is. If there is accidental spillage of chemicals on the person s skin, wash them immediately with water. If the person is accidentally poisoned when working with chemicals: If they have accidentally swallowed a chemical, call a doctor immediately! In some cases making the person drink milk will help. Take the label from the chemical with you so that the doctor knows what chemical was swallowed and how to treat the patient. If someone has got chemicals in his eyes, wash his eyes out with water immediately to get as much chemical out as possible. Then see a medical doctor for further help.

72 - 72 Some rules to observe when working with chemicals: 1. NEVER eat, smoke or drink when working with chemicals 2. ALWAYS wash your hands immediately after working with chemicals 3. WASH your PPE every day. 4. ALWAYS destroy any containers by punching holes in the bottles so that no one can use it for carrying water or drink from. 5. ALWAYS throw old containers away in the proper bin for that purpose. 6. ALWAYS read the label and understand the warnings on the label before working with the chemical. 7. ALWAYS obey the instructions on the chemical s label

73 - 73 Your Turn ACTIVITY 15 Explain the points you must think about in an emergency situation.

74 - 74 Your Turn ACTIVITY 16 Demonstrate basic first aid.

75 - 75 Fire Prevention and Safety Always obey any safety warning signs. Don t smoke or make any kind of fire near fuel storage, chemical stores and gas cylinders. Don t smoke when filling machinery with petrol Transport fuel for machinery in proper petrol storage containers. Service all fire fighting equipment regularly to make sure that they are always in proper working order. In the event of a fire breaking out you need to: 1. Sound the fire alarm 2. Evacuate to a safe place- this is usually an emergency assembly point that all workers need to know about. i. The evacuation drill is the procedure to follow when there is an emergency. This must be practiced from time to time so that everyone knows what to do and where to go. ii. The emergency assembly point is a safe place usually away from buildings. 3. Call the fire department.

76 Use the fire fighting equipment to control the fire i. Hose reels ii. Fire extinguishers- the main kinds are: a. Water used for fighting paper fires. b. Dry powder (carbon) used on electrical and fuel fires. c. Sand Use on wood, paper or electrical fires. Never put water onto petrol, oil or electrical fire since this will spread the fire and not control it. 5. If a worker is on fire throw a blanket over him and get him to roll on the ground- this will smother the fire. 6. How to control a fire

77 Seek medical help immediately for any injuries In the picture below draw an arrow that shows where you must point the fire fighting equipment when trying to control a fire.

78 - 78 In the pictures below show which fire equipment you would use on which fire by drawing a line between the correct ones.

79 - 79 Your Turn ACTIVITY 17 Demonstrate the use of fire fighting equipment to be used in the relevant emergency situation.

80 - 80 Lesson Checkpoint Now that you have worked through this lesson, please check that you are able to do all the specific outcomes and meet the assessment criteria: I can explain the points to be considered in an emergency situation. I can demonstrate basic first aid to be used in an emergency situation. I can demonstrate the use of fire fighting equipment to be used in the relevant emergency situation.

81 - 81 Notes:

82 - 82 References