ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOUR & MANAGEMENT JOHN MARTIN AND MARTIN FELLENZ SOUTH-WESTERN

Transcription

1 4TH EDITION ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOUR & MANAGEMENT JOHN MARTIN AND MARTIN FELLENZ SOUTH-WESTERN CENGAGE Learning Australia Braz japan Korea Mexico Singapore Spain United Kingdom United States

2 L/ KJ I N LZ. 1 ч I O List of boxed features x Preface xiv Acknowledgements xxii Guided tour xxiv About the website xxviii The Human Relations and Quantitative Schools 42 Systems Approaches to Management 43 Contemporary Management Challenges 44 Managing in the Global Context: Globalization and Cultural Diversity 44 Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility 46 Today's Performance Imperative 55 Pervasive Organizational Change 60 Conclusions 68 Discussion Questions 70 Case study To lie or not to lie, that is the question 71 Further Reading 72 1 INTRODUCING MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR з Learning Objectives 3 Introduction 4 What are Organizations? 5 Why do Organizations Exist? 8 What is Management? 11 What is Organizational Behaviour? 14 Why Study Organizational Behaviour? 15 How to Study Organizational Behaviour 16 A Framework for Management and Organizational Behaviour 19 Perspectives in Management and Organizational Behaviour Research 24 Conclusions 31 Discussion Questions 33 Case study The reality of management life! 33 Further Reading 36 2 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR AND CURRENT MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES 37 Learning Objectives 37 Introduction 38 The Development of Modern Management Thinking 38 Scientific and Administrative Management 38 INDIVIDUALS IN ORGANIZATIONS 75 3 PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCE 77 k Learning Objectives 77 Introduction 78 The Study of Individual Difference 79 Nomothetic Perspectives 83 Idiographic Perspectives 89 Other Perspectives on Individual Difference 90 Measuring Personality and Individual Difference 96 Ability: Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence 98 Organizational Applications of Individual Difference 102 Conclusions 107 Discussion Questions 108 Case study John and the sales administrator 109 Further Reading 110 PERCEPTION, ATTRIBUTION AND ATTITUDE FORMATION 111 Learning Objectives 111 Introduction 112 The Significance of Perception 113 J VI

3 CONTENTS A Model of Perception 115 Selection of Stimuli for Attention 118 Organizing Stimuli into Meaningful Patterns 122 Interpreting the Significance of a Stimulus 124 Response Behaviour to a Stimulus 127 The Learning Loop 128 Person Perception 128 Attribution Theory 133 Attitudes 136 Impression Management 143 Perception and Attitudes Within an Organizational Context 144 Conclusions 145 Discussion Questions 147 Case study Letters of complaint, or just PR? 147 Further Reading MOTIVATION 151 Learning Objectives 151 Introduction 152 Motivation in Organizations 152 Theories of Motivation 155 Content Theories 156 Process Theories 165 Behaviourist Theories 173 Recent Contributions to Work Motivation 177 Conclusions 182 Discussion Questions 184 Case study Changes to the management of police services 184 Further Reading 186 Towards Situational and Contingency Theories of Leadership 203 Other Approaches to Leadership 209 Leadership Neutralizers and Substitutes 215 Conclusions 219 Discussion Questions 221 Micro management or working for a control freak! 221 Further Reading GROUPS AND TEAMS 225 Learning Objectives 225 Introduction 226 Formal and Informal Groups 226 Groups, Teams and Organizations 230 Why do Organizations Use Groups? 234 Group Formation and Development 237 Group Structure 239 Group Process and Effectiveness 242 Group Control and Role Theory 246 Group Cohesion 249 Conclusions 252 Discussion Questions 253 Shane Battier - useless player or best team player in basketball? 254 Further Reading COMMUNICATION AND DECISION MAKING 259 Learning Objectives 259 Introduction 260 Human Communication 260 Communication Within Organizations 264 Communication Processes 267 Decision Making Within Organizations 277 Conclusions 294 Discussion Questions 295 Case study The power of time 295 Further Reading CONFLICT AND NEGOTIATION 299 LEADING AND MANAGING 189 Learning Objectives 189 Introduction 190 Management in Organizations 190 The Practice of Management 192 Leadership in Organizations 195 Comparing Management and Leadership 196 Trait Theories of Leadership 197 Behavioural Theories of Leadership 200 Learning Objectives 299 Introduction 300 Perspectives on Conflict 300 Nature and Sources of Organizational Conflict 305 Types and Forms of Organizational Conflict 309 The Consequences of Conflict 312 Conflict-Handling Strategies 315 Negotiation in Organizations 317 Conclusions 327 Discussion Questions 328 Case study Not paying the wages and conflict 329 Further Reading 331

4 viii CONTENTS Approaches to Designing Jobs 431 Conclusions 437 Discussion Questions 439 Case study Controlling the invisible? 440 Further Reading HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE 335 Learning Objectives 335 Introduction 336 Perspectives on Organization Structure 336 Models of Structural Development and Organizational Life-Cycles 368 Conclusions 371 Discussion Questions 373 Case study Lloyds Banking Group announces organizational changes 373 Further Reading ORGANIZATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 377 Learning Objectives 377 Introduction 378 Technology - A Definition 378 Technology, Change, Evolution and Technological Determinism 383 Perspectives on Technology in Organizations 387 Assumptions About Technology 393 Enacting Technology - Activity and Social Construction Perspectives 394 The Politics of Technology 396 Technology and Alienation 398 The Impact of Technology 400 Information and Communication Technology in Organizations 403 Conclusions 406 Discussion Questions 408 Case study Martha the 'Martini' employee 408 Further Reading CONTROL AND JOB DESIGN Learning Objectives 411 Introduction 412 The Nature of Control 412 Control in Organizations 414 Approaches to Organizational Control 418 Means of Organizational Control 421 Job and Work Design 429 Learning Objectives 443 Introduction 444 Models of HRM 444 HRM and Business Strategy 445 The Role of HRM in Organizations 447 People Management - Issues and Activities 449 Equality and Diversity 462 HRM and Organizational Change 465 HRM, CSR and Ethics 466 HRM and International Business Activity 466 HRM and the Line Manager 469 Human Resource Management and Organizational Behaviour 470 Conclusions 472 Discussion Questions 474 Case study Do big firms miss out in terms of hiring the best talent? 474 Further Reading 475 К ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 479 Learning Objectives 479 Introduction 480 Defining Organizational Culture 480 Studying Organizational Culture 484 Levels and Dimensions of Organizational Culture 485 Cultural Frameworks 487 The Determinants of Organizational Culture 493 Changing Organizational Culture 496 Managing Cultural Differences 500 National Culture 501 Globalization and Culture 508

5 CONTENTS ix Conclusions 511 Discussion Questions 513 Case study Breakfast cereal games at the supermarket 513 Further Reading POWER, INFLUENCE AND POLITICS Learning Objectives 517 Introduction 518 Distinguishing between Power and Influence 51 Sources of Power in Organizations 521 Influence Tactics and Mechanisms in Organizations 527 Perspectives on Power 529 Politics Within Organizations 533 Political Strategies 537 Using Political Behaviour 539 Managing Political Behaviour 542 Conclusions 546 Discussion Questions 548 Case study Mixing the sexes 548 Further Reading RELATIONSHIPS, FAIRNESS AND TRUST 551 Learning Objectives 551 Introduction 552 Relationships in Organizations 552 Organizational Fairness and Justice 565 Trust in Organizations 570 Conclusions 577 Discussion Questions 579 Case study Phoebe's firm went into administration! 580 Further Reading 582 Glossary 583 References 599 Index 636