Careers Note Sheet and Timeline. Agrarian Trades a trade involving farming or natural resources:

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1 1700 s Careers Note Sheet and Timeline Artisan Trades a skilled trade, a job requiring the creation of a product Blacksmith Silversmith Wheelwright Cooper Carpenter Cabinetmaker Milliner Printer Shoemaker Weaver Agrarian Trades a trade involving farming or natural resources: Farmer Fisherman Fur Trapper Business Trades exchange of goods or services for money: Miller Storekeeper Innkeeper Other jobs: Sailor Coal miner Ship captain Describe common characteristics of careers: 1) Jobs were hands on using human power. 2) Most jobs were worked at home Cottage Industries 3) People completed all steps in creation of products or service. People took pride in their work. Late 1700 s s 1 st Industrial Revolution Invention #1 that created jobs: Spinning machine and weaving machine Use of waterwheel to power the machines Who invented it or was responsible for implementing it? Richard Arkwright invented it in England Samuel Slater brought technology to America Jobs created because of this invention: Factory jobs: Textile factories was the first but soon machines were created to make other products.

2 Invention #2 that created jobs: Steam engine Who invented it or was responsible for implementing it? Thomas Newcomen James Watt Jobs created because of this invention: Railroad related jobs engineers, machinists, railroad crews How did jobs change because of these two inventions? More jobs created; Example - factory jobs Changed how products were created; Example fabric Changed how jobs were worked; Example - steamboat Effects on lifestyle and jobs overall: 1) End of many cottage industries because products could be made faster and cheaper in a factory. 2) Many people moved away from agrarian jobs to live and work in cities. 3) Immigrants looking for a better life found jobs in factories and with the railroad. 4) Rich got richer, poor got poorer. 5) Poor working conditions in factories Long hours and dangerous conditions Early 1900 s 2 nd Industrial Revolution Idea #1 that changed jobs: Standardization of parts instead of custom parts. Idea #2 that changed jobs: One man, one task Idea #3 that changed jobs: Assembly line Who is credited for implementing these changes? Henry Ford

3 How did the implementation of these ideas change jobs? 1) Products could be made even faster and cheaper. Employees could save money to buy items that they made. (Raised wages of workers increased loyalty.) 2) Work became boring doing same tasks repeatedly. 3) Less pride in workmanship as a result of not creating a product entirely by self. 4) Began the three shift schedule- 8 hours per shift. Other events that affected careers in the early 1900 s: World War I When did it occur? US became involved in 1917 after Germany sank seven merchant ships How did WWI affect people and jobs? 1) Increase in factories making supplies for war. 2) Many women began working outside the home, filling jobs vacated by men going to war. 3) After war ended, increased activity to gain women s right to vote, finally became law in 1920 with 19 th Amendment. Great Depression When did it occur? What caused it to happen? 1) More products were being created than could be sold, resulting in layoffs and closing of factories 2) People borrowing money to invest in stock market, trying to get rich 3) Stocks loss value when businesses closed. People couldn t repay loans and banks closed. People with money in those banks lost their savings. How did this affect people and jobs? 1) Many people became unemployed. 2) Increased homelessness as people couldn t pay rent or mortgage

4 What attempts were made to correct the situation? President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed a New Deal 1) Relief temporary aid to the poor and unemployed so they wouldn t starve established Social Security for retired employees 2) Recovery created jobs to get people back to work 3) Reform new rules on banks; creation of the FDIC to insure people s deposits How did this affect people and jobs? 1) Created more jobs that benefited country such as more roads and historical documents 2) Created welfare system 3) Helped country begin to recover economically World War II When did it occur? US became involved in 1941 after the attack on Pearl Harbor How did WWII affect people and jobs? 1) More women went to work outside the home. 2) Increase in factories due to increased need for war supplies. 3) Increase in number of jobs putting many people back to work. Mid-1900 s 3 rd Industrial Revolution What started the 3 rd Industrial Revolution? Invention of the computer This Industrial Revolution may be called. The Digital Age When did it begin? First invented _in 1822_ but the invention was not recognized. WW II created need for a computer and work to invent one began in earnest in England and in America. What were the two reasons it was invented during WWII? 1) England to crack secret codes 2) America to calculate the firing range of weapons

5 Who were the inventors? 1) Charles Babbage ) Alan Turing computer that cracked Germany s Enigma Code s 3) Tommy Flowers invented Colossus, first programmable electronic computer broke encrypted German codes used by Hitler and high ranking officials s 4) John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, and other engineers at the Univ. of PAinvented ENIAC- calculated firing ranges 1940 s When did this invention become available to the public? 1970 s by Xerox, then in the 1980 s by Apple How did this invention affect careers? 1) Created new jobs and new inventions 2) Changed how work was done Agents of change throughout history What is one thing that causes jobs to change? Inventions How did this change jobs? 1) Increased number of jobs 2) Made some jobs obsolete 3) Changed how work was done 4) Affected lifestyle of people What is a second thing that causes jobs to change? Wars How did this change jobs? 1) Increased number of jobs and types of jobs 2) Increased number of women working outside the home 3) Encouraged development of new inventions What is a third thing that causes jobs to change? Economy How did this change jobs? 1) Increases or decreases the number of jobs available. 2) Increases or decreases salary.

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