Toward a Globally. Inclusive Workplace. Fourth Edition. Michaile E. Mor Barak. University of Southern California (DSAGE

Transcription

1 Managing Diversity Toward a Globally Inclusive Workplace Fourth Edition Michaile E. Mor Barak University of Southern California (DSAGE Los Angeles London ) New Delhi Singapore Washington DC Melbourne

2 Contents List of Göxes, Figures, and Tables Preface and Acknowledgments xvi xi 1 Introduction and Conceptual Framework 1 The Challenge of Managing Diversity in a Global Context 2 Tensions Posed by Global Workforce Trends 3 Diversity and Exclusion: A Critical Workforce Problem 5 The Inclusive Workplace Model 7 Conceptual Framework and Organization of the Book 10 PART I: THE GLOBAL CONTEXT FOR DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT 13 2 Diversity Legislation in a Global Perspective: Equality and Fairness in Employment 14 The International Bill of Human Rights and Employment Rights 15 Importance and Influence of the Declaration of Human Rights 19 Implementation 20 Diversity-Related Employment Legislation 22 Broad-Based Antidiscrimination Legislation 23 Practical Implications 37 Appendix 2.1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 39 Appendix 2.2. Global Antidiscrimination and Equal Rights Legislation Checklist of Protections Offered by a Select Number of Countries 44 3 Discrimination, Equality, and Fairness in Employment: Social Policies and Affirmative/Positive Action Programs 51 Discrimination and Equality in Employment 52 Theoretical Perspectives of Discrimination and Affirmative Action 55 Social Policies and Affirmative/Positive Action Programs 57

3 Principles of Affirmative Action and Positive Action Programs 61 The Public Debate Over Affirmative and Positive Action Policies 65 4 Global Demographic Trends: Impact on Workforce Diversity 73 Martha Farnsworth Riehe and Michaile E. Mor Barak International Population Trends 74 National Trends 84 5 Socioeconomic Transitions: The New Realities of the Global Workforce Martha Farnsworth Riehe and Michaile E. Mor Barak Worker Migration 99 Occupational Diversity 101 Migration of Employers 103 Implications for Diversity of Gender, Disability, and Sexual Orientation 107 Educational Trends and Workforce Diversity 108 PART II: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF WORKFORCE DIVERSITY 6 Defining Diversity in a Global Context: Prejudice and Discrimination 1 Workforce Diversity Defined 116 Toward a Global Definition of Diversity 128 Stereotypes and Prejudice 130 Dehumanization and Oppression 140 Employment-Related Discrimination Vive la Difference? Theoretical Perspectives on Diversity and Exclusion in the Workplace 146 Diversity and Exclusion: A Critical Workforce Problem 147 Overview of Social Psychological Theories of Diversity and Exclusion 148 Theoretical Underpinnings of the Inclusion-Exclusion Construct 149 Orienting Theories of Diversity and Exclusion 150 Explanatory Theories of Diversity and Exclusion 151 Research on Organizational Demography Documenting Exclusion Culture and Communication in the Global Workplace 172 The Cultural Context for the Global Workplace 173 Cross-Cultural Communication 181 Effective Cross-Cultural Communication Interpersonal Relationships in a Global Work Context 191 Jeffrey Sanchez-Burks and Michaile E. Mor Barak Cultural Styles and Relational Mental Models 193

4 Diversity in Interpersonal Relationships 196 Interpersonal Relationships and Cross-Cultural Communication 200 Theoretical Perspectives on Interpersonal Cross-Cultural Communication 201 PART III: MANAGING A DIVERSE WORKFORCE IN THE GLOBAL CONTEXT THE INCLUSIVE WORKPLACE Diversity Management: Paradigms, Rationale, and Key Elements 208 Defining Diversity Management 208 From Equal Rights Laws, to Affirmative/Positive Action, to Diversity Management 211 Diversity Management Paradigms 213 Models of Global Diversity Management 218 The Impetus for Implementing Diversity Management 219 Characteristics and Limitations of Diversity Management Inclusive Leadership: Unlocking the Diversity Potential 224 Leadership Dilemmas and the Diversity Paradox 225 Transformational Leadership, Inclusive Leadership, and the Organization's Competitive Advantage 225 Organizational Leadership and Inclusion 227 Inclusive Leadership at the Supervisor Level: Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) An Overview of the Inclusive Workplace Model: Managing the Globalized Workforce Diversity 238 Diversity Management and the Inclusive Workplace The Inclusive Workplace: Level I Inclusion Through Diversity Within the Work Organization 242 Inclusive Policies and Practices 243 Barriers and Benefits of Implementing the Inclusive Approach at Level I 246 Case Illustration: Level I Inclusion Through Diversity Within Work Organizations Denny's, Inc. 250 Questions for Discussion and Further Analysis The Inclusive Workplace: Level II Inclusion Through Corporate-Community Collaborations 259 Inclusive Policies and Practices 261 Barriers and Benefits of Implementing the Inclusive Approach at Level II 263 Case Illustration: Level II Inclusion Through Corporate-Community Collaboration Unilever 266 Questions for Discussion and Further Analysis 273

5 15 The Inclusive Workplace: Level III Inclusion Through State/National Collaborations 276 Barriens and Benefits of Implementing the Inclusive Approach at Level III 279 Gase Illustration.- Level III Inclusion of Disadvantaged Groups at the National/State Level Eurest 281 Questions for Discussion and Further Analysis The Inclusive Workplace: Level IV Inclusion Through International Collaborations 288 Barriers and Benefits to Implementing the Inclusive Approach at Level IV 291 Gase Illustration.- Level IV Inclusion Through Global Collaborations Fair Trade Company 293 Fair Trade History 294 Global Village and Fair Trade Company 296 Fair Trade Future 297 Questions for Discussion and Further Analysis Practical Steps for Creating an Inclusive Workplace: Climate for Diversity, Climate for Inclusion, and Survey Scales 301 Introduction 301 Climate for Diversity and Climate for Inclusion 301 The Climate for Inclusion-Exclusion Scale (MBIE) 303 Psychometric Properties and Previous Research Utilizing the Measure 305 The Mor Barak et al. Diversity Climate Scale 309 Psychometric Properties and Previous Research Utilizing the Measure Toward a Globally Inclusive Workplace: Putting the Pieces Together 314 The Value Base for the Inclusive Workplace 315 Implementation of the Inclusive Workplace 316 Conclusion 318 References 320 Index 373 About the Author 394