ELEMENTS OF A HIGH PERFORMING SAFETY PROGRAM

Transcription

1 ELEMENTS OF A HIGH PERFORMING SAFETY PROGRAM

2 OBJECTIVE To provide a basic framework for creating, improving or sustaining an Environmental Safety and Health Program System performing at its highest level.

3 KEY ELEMENTS Identify Sources of Loss Analyze Cause and Consequence Loss Controls Measuring and Recording Mitigation Results

4 IDENTIFY SOURCES OF LOSS Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) Scan the Environment (Risk Based) Reports, Interviews, and Records

5 PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS Relies on brainstorming and expert judgment to assess the significance of hazards and assign a ranking to each situation Typically performed by one or two people, who are knowledgeable about the type of activity in question Applicable to any system or activity Used as a high-level analysis early in the process Generates qualitative descriptions and rankings of related hazards

6 JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS An orderly process used to acquire specific hazard and failure data pertinent to a given system. A job is a sequence of separate steps or activities that together accomplish a work goal. Formal hazard analytical methods are divided into two broad categories: Inductive Method reveals what can happen Deductive Method shows how

7 SCAN THE ENVIRONMENT Conduct a specific and detailed review of the internal and external environments of an organization. Evaluate how each of the organization s risk management processes aligns with its overall objectives. Defining risk criteria: Causes of Risk Effects of Risk Metrics Used to Measure Effects of Risk Timeframe of Potential Effects Methods to Determine Level of Risk Approach to Combinations of Risk

8 REPORTS, INTERVIEWS, AND RECORDS Reports Loss History Claims Analysis Financial Interviews Injured Worker Direct Supervision Management Records OSHA 300 Logs Accident Investigation

9 ANALYZE CAUSE AND CONSEQUENCE Fault Tree Analysis Root Cause Analysis Event Tree Analysis

10 CAUSES Methods of Analysis Origins Loss Exposures Industry Known and Commons Near-Miss

11 FAULT TREE ANALYSIS A graphical model that displays the various combinations of system failures and human errors that can result in primary system failure of interest. A top down approach. The development of the tree relies on the analyst s understanding of the system being analyzed.

12 FAULT TREE ANALYSIS

13 ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS Root Cause Analysis: helps identify what, how and why something happened, thus preventing recurrence. Main factors to review to correct business practice: Physical Managerial Procedural

14 Direct and Indirect Causes Factors Conditions Behaviors ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS

15 CONSEQUENCE Competitive Advantage Average Cost Per Claim Loss Frequency and Loss Severity

16 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE Impacts the organization s ability to bid contracts Reduces market share Impacts the reputation and branding value of the organization Impacts the organization s ability to attract good talent (personnel)

17 AVERAGE COST PER CLAIM

18 LOSS FREQUENCY The amount of claims per exposure unit. The equation is: Fk=(kC)/E Where Fk is the frequency per k exposure units, k is the scale factor for the frequency, C is the number of claims, and E is the number of exposure units.

19 LOSS SEVERITY Severity is the average loss per claim on a policy. It an be calculated using any recorded type of losses, such as paid loss, case reserve, etc. The formula for this calculation is: S= L/C Where S is the severity, L equals paid losses, and C equals the amount of claims for the period.

20 EVENT TREE ANALYSIS This method is used to analyze the effects of functioning or failed systems given that an event has occurred. It is a powerful tool that will identify all consequences of a system that have a probability of occurring after an initiating event.

21 EVENT TREE ANALYSIS Method Elements: Define the system Identify the accident scenarios Identify the initiating events Identify the intermediate events Build the tree diagram Obtain event failure probabilities Identify the outcome risk Evaluate the outcome risk Recommend corrective action Document the Event Tree Analysis

22

23 CONTROL OF LOSS Methods of Determining Controls ES&H Hierarchy of Controls Domino Sequence Bowtie Analysis Job Safety Analysis

24 METHODS FOR DETERMINING CONTROLS ES&H Hierarchy of Controls Domino Sequence Bow Tie Analysis Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

25 ES&H HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS Eliminate Substitute Isolate Engineer Administrate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

26 DOMINO SEQUENCE Lack of Controls (Management) Basic Cause (Origin) Immediate Cause (Symptoms) Undesired Event (Contact) People, Property. (Loss)

27 BOWTIE ANALYSIS

28 JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS A procedure that integrates accepted safety and health principles and practices into a particular task or job operation. Methodology is based on the idea that safety is an integral part of every job and not a separate entity. Basic four steps: Select the job to be analyzed Break the job down into a sequence of steps Address the identified potential hazards (JHA) Determine the preventative measures to overcome these hazards

29 Cost Benefit Analysis/ ROI Benchmarking Record Monitor and Assure MEASURING & RECORDING MITIGATION RESULTS

30 COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

31 RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI)

32 OSHA Incident Rate Industry Best Practices BENCHMARKING

33 OSHA INCIDENT RATE

34 INDUSTRY BEST PRACTICES An industry way of doing something that works! A benchmark or starting point to build on. Three potential sources: Industry Specific (problem addressing is wholly an industry problem) Based on Context Based on Users BEST PRACTICE IS TO INNOVATE!

35 Hazards Inventory Behaviors Deficient Systems Program Performance RECORDS

36 HAZARDS INVENTORY Purposes for the Hazard Inventory: To identify safety and health hazards To use as a basis for setting safety and health priorities To use as a basis for employee discussions and problem-solving sessions To uncover previously hidden or unknown hazards To determine where the biggest dangers are in the organization

37 BEHAVIORS At-Risk Taking a chance or ignoring an established safety policy Behaviors Versus Attitudes Behavioral Management: (Determine If) The appropriate performance will result in punishment There is no reward for the appropriate performance The appropriate performance may not matter to the individual There are obstacles to attaining the appropriate performance

38 A review should address: DEFICIENT ES&H SYSTEMS Is the ES&H Statement clear, concise, and available? Does the system contain a systematic identification of hazards and an assessment of risks? The necessary safety control measures and system improvements Procedures available for monitoring system performance audits and inspections Training conducted and the impact to the organization

39 ES&H PROGRAM PERFORMANCE Work Activities are Monitored (Supervisor) ES&H Self-Assessment Program Peer Review Management Leadership Strategic Performance Objectives and Measures Processes Are Defined for Analyzing Problems Identifying Root Causes Ensuring Corrective Actions are Taken Annual Assessments Are Conducted Lessons Learned Are Effectively Communicated

40 ES&H PROGRAM PERFORMANCE Processes Are Defined for Analyzing Problems Identifying Root Causes Ensuring Corrective Actions are Take Annual Assessments Are Conducted Lessons Learned Are Effectively Communicated

41 Key Purposes of Monitoring: MONITOR AND ASSURE Determine the effectiveness of controls Obtain information to improve risk Analyze events and their consequences to understand trends, successes, and challenges Observe changes in internal and external environments Identify emerging risks

42 REFERENCES Business & Legal Reports, Inc. ( National Safety Council Risk Management Principles and Practices, Michael Elliott Worcester Polytechnic Institute