Ms. Lynette T. Laroya. Department of Environment and Natural Resources

Transcription

1 Ms. Lynette T. Laroya Department of Environment and Natural Resources

2 Outline I. Overview II. Biophysical and Socio- Economic Characteristics III. Issues and Threats IV. Governance V. MPAS and Networks VI. MPAS Management Effectiveness Assessment VII. Future Plans and Programs

3 Overview - The Philippines Located at the apex of the Coral Triangle and is acknowledged as the center of marine biodiversity A total of 7, 597 islands Land area: about 300, 000 km 2 Sea area: 2M km 2 Coastline: 37,008 km 78% of the 80 provinces and 832 (56%) of the 1,634 cities and municipalities, are located along its archipelagic coasts. Almost 50 million dependent on its coastal and marine ecosystem

4 Biophysical Characteristics Coral Reef Area: 26, 000 km of the 800+ known global coral spp. ; 12 of which are endemic Seagrass area: 978 km2 16 species of seagrass

5 Biophysical Characteristics Mangrove area: 2,472 km2 42 species of mangroves 2,500 coral reef fish spp. 25 marine mammal spp. 5 marine turtle spp.

6 Socioeconomic Features Population: 92.1M (2009) 60% of population live in the coastal areas Coastal fishers are the poorest sector of the population earning at estimated PhP11,906 ($250) per capita per year Fisheries sector provides employment to about 1 million people. Fish as the principal source of protein of the country s population.

7 Socioeconomic Features Coastal tourism Coral reefs, clean sandy beaches, crystal clear waters, and resorts that offer the classic attractions continue to draw tourists. Accounts for 9.1% of the country s GDP. Domestic production of oil Holds an estimated 3.48 trillion cubic feet (Tcf ) of natural gas reserves, most of which are found in the Malampaya gas field in Palawan. Domestic and international shipping industry In 2009, the gross revenue of the Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) reached PhP7.129 billion, an increase of more than PhP0.5 billion from 2008.

8 Issues and Threats Coastal development Overfishing Industrial pollution Cyanide Fishing Ballast Water Improper Waste disposal Dynamite Fishing Marine-based pollution Siltation

9 Issues and Threats High levels of threats Overfishing destructive fishing practices Unsustainable coastal development Sedimentation Pollution Increasing populations in coastal areas are amplifying these threats, compromising food security and the socio-economic stability of the communities.

10 Some Impacts of these Issues and Threats Poor coral cover increased to 40%; only about 4% in excellent condition remains Natural mangrove cover declined to 247,268 ha. from 400,000 ha. in % - 50% of seagrass beds have been lost in the last 50 years.

11 Governance 1987 Philippine Constitution - provides the basic policy and legal framework for food security, livelihood and socioeconomic development; environment and natural resources conservation and development; and security, safety, maritime boundaries, and law enforcement. Local Government Code of 1991 (Republic Act 7160) Devolution of basic powers to local government units on the management of the coastal resources within the 15 kms municipal waters; designation and management of fish reserves, refuges and sanctuaries (About 1,620 locally managed MPAs established). include enactment of ordinances on law enforcement, imposition of license fees, charges and rentals, closed seasons.

12 Governance Philippine Fisheries Code (RA 8550) established and improved the organizational and institutional mechanisms for the fisheries sector. National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of laid the basis for biodiversity conservation including establishment and management of protected areas. Executive Order (EO) established the national policy on biological diversity and prescribed its implementation throughout the country, particularly in the Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion (SSME) and the Verde Island Passage Marine Corridor.

13 Last updated: 09 Dec * MPA Management Effectiveness Assessment Tool

14 Governance E.O adopts the Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) as a national strategy for the development of the country s coastal and marine environment. E.O. 797 (2009) adoption of the CTI NPOA and established the coordinating mechanism for its implementation with the DENR and DA as Co-chairs and establishes the NCCC Secretariat.

15 Philippine Marine Protected Areas: 1,653 MPAs NIPAS (RA 7586) Locally-Managed MPAs (RA 7160) Managed by PAMB Managed by LGUs 33 MPAs under NIPAS 1,620 locally managed MPAs 1.7 M total hectares 393, total hectares Benchmarked: 9 largest MPAs; Total Area: 700, 018 ha (41% of 1.7M ha) 3 out of 9 are effectively managed (333, 570 ha or 47%) Benchmarked: 110 MPAs; Total Area: 29, 853 ha (8% of 394K ha) 70 out of 110 are effectively managed (4, 305 ha or 14%)

16 MPA Networks Alliances / 40 alliances 270 cities and municipalities 484 existing MPAs; approx. 81,500 ha Varies in size (# & area), gov. arrangements, objectives Only 24% are active (meeting regularly) Horigue et al. In review (contact: vera.horigue@my.jcu.edu.au)

17 MPA Management Effectiveness Assessment MPA Management Effectiveness Assessment Tool (MPA MEAT) features parameters called thresholds that are deemed important in every level of management effectiveness. MPA Management Effectiveness Criteria Law Enforcement Monitoring and Evaluation Financing Management Body Management Plan IEC Legitimization Community Participation Site development

18 What is MEAT? (MPA Management Effectiveness Assessment Tool A performance monitoring and evaluation tool for the MPAs a management tool to help gauge MPA effectiveness Highlights important threshold indicators and processes that help promote and achieve MPA management effectiveness outputs and outcomes. uses simplified tools that will allow for the objective evaluation of MPAs

19 Why the Need for MPA Evaluation? The results may help to: Change zoning plans to enable full protection of healthy coral reefs Increase surveillance, enforcement, and management interventions Identify areas of strong recruitment Modify education programs and outreach about coral reef and fishery resources Enhance public participation in management activities

20 Who Who will use the results of MEAT? Adaptive Management Awareness and Support Consolidation/ Database Awards and Recognition MPA Management Body Assisting Institutions (LGU, Academic Institutions, NGOs) Stakeholders, Constituents, Community/Public MPA Network NGOs LGUs National Government Agencies MSN Other Institutions providing Incentive System for MPAs

21 How to How use the MPA MEAT? Pre-evaluation: Days before the evaluation, the MPA Manager is furnished a list of documents to prepare as means for verification of the 48 MPA management effectiveness criteria for the MEAT application. This will provide objective evaluation of the MPA management that is easily verifiable by anyone. Plans Legislations Reports Enforcement Minutes IEC Infra Others MPA management plans (drafts and/or final versions); amendments; addendums; revisions; with organizational chart Enforcement plan Annual Investment Plan (AIP) for NIPAS areas Financial / budget plans Latest Comprehensive Land Use Plan Municipal / barangay ordinances related to MPA / NIPAS Presidential Proclamations / Republic Act MPA / NIPAS Implementing Rules and Regulations Biophysical assessment reports including baseline surveys and list of local participants Socioeconomic survey reports Management reports related to the MPA / NIPAS marine area Audited financial reports detailing income and expenses for the MPAs / NIPAS marine areas Reports on MPA enterprises or sample of MPA merchandise Reports and communications between the Provincial Council and LGU or Executive Orders IEC Program reports and attendance sheets PCRA reports Performance Logbooks of Bantay Dagat / Park rangers and violations monitoring logbook Results of prosecution hearings Court decisions on prosecuted cases related to the seascape or marine reserve Schedule of enforcement team public hearings and consultation s MPA management meeting / PAMB meetings PAMB resolutions IEC activities Leaflets/flyers on MPAs MPA/NIPAS billboard, posters, signages Video or other IEC materials Buoys demarcating the MPAs / NIPAS areas; maps showing boundaries Headquarters, guard house, etc. Patrol boats, communicati on facilities Copies of certificates of participation / attendance on biophysical assessment trainings by the LGU/communities SCUBA diving certifications of monitoring team Attendance sheets / copies of certificates of participation in trainings/seminars Grant proposals submitted Documentation of incentives and programs

22 How to How use the MPA MEAT? Objectives of MPA MEAT 1.Assess the level of effectiveness of the MPA management and governance in terms of enforcement, implementation and maintenance 2.Assist the MPA managers assess their strengths, weaknesses and hopefully enhance their effectiveness through improved strategies and interventions FGD MEAT and Guide Questions 5-10 key members of the management body Site Visit A site visit should be conducted for questions that require ocular inspection of structures. The examiner will be facilitating the discussion whilst going through the guide questions and rating sheets together with representative members of the management body of the assessed MPA. Survey Community Perception Survey 20 respondents from the smallest political unit where the MPA is located 20 from the adjacent communities

23 MEAT and MPA Development Results/Impact Year 7 Input/ Outputs Year 1 Year 2 Level 1 Established 1. Baseline assessment conducted 2.Management plan adopted 3.Legal instrument approved 4.Management body formed and roles clarified 5.Budget allocated for at least one year Year 5 Level 2 Strengthened 1. Patrolling and surveillance conducted 2. Violations reported and violators apprehended 3. Violators penalized Level 3 Sustained Level 4 Institutionalized 1. Funds generated/accesse d for last 2 years 2. Enforcement system fully operational 3. Performance monitoring of the management body conducted regularly 4. Regular participatory monitoring 5. Violators prosecuted and sanctioned 1.MPA/NIPAS management plan incorporated in broader development plans 2.Ecological and socioeconomic impact assessment conducted 3.Performance monitoring and evaluation linked to an incentive system 4.IEC sustained over five years 5.MPA/NIPAS financially selfsustaining

24 How How to rate the MPA using MEAT? MPA LEVEL (based on minimum indicators) 1 Established [Yr 1+] # OF ITEMS Achievable Points MANAGEMENT STATUS The scores are indicative thresholds that accumulate through time. Minimum Score including Thresholds Overall Score The levels below are indicative names used to establish levels of performance Poor MPA is Established 2 Strengthened [3 Yrs +] Good MPA Management is Effectively Strengthened 3 Sustained [5yrs +] Very Good MPA Management is Effectively Sustained 4 Institutionalised [7 yrs +] Excellent MPA Management is Effectively Institutionalized TOTAL

25 MPA Management Effectiveness Assessment Areas Assessed (NIPAS Sites) 9 (27%) of 33 MPAS under NIPAS 41% of the total aggregate area of MPAs in the Philippines of 1,706,141 hectares 8 provinces 7 regions

26 MPA Management Assessment Summary of Results Management Effectiveness Number of MPAs Total Area Level 0 MPAs need to satisfy the requirements of Level ,147 Level 1 - MPA is Established 3 353,301 Level 2 - MPA is Strengthened 2 231,742 Level 3 - MPA is Effectively Sustained 1 98,828 Level 4 - MPA is Effectively Institutionalized 0 33% of the MPAs were effectively managed 47% of the total area in hectares of MPAs were effectively managed Total 9 700,018

27 MPA Assessment : Conclusions and Recommendations For Nationally Managed MPAs Strengths of the MPAs benchmarked: 1)presence of legal instrument 2)engaging community participation in the establishment process, and 3)presence of management body Areas for improvement: 1)Monitoring and Evaluation 2)Sustainable Financing 3)Information, Education and Communication programs Mechanism for enhancing NIPAS Act Implementation 1)Formalization of LGU-DENR management arrangement of the NIPAS MPAs 2) Capacity building for the PAMB members on biodiversity conservation 3)Biophysical and socioeconomic assessments for monitoring of impacts of management 4)GOP through the DENR to designate particular unit that will sustain the monitoring and evaluation of the performance of the MPAs at least every other year

28 MPA Management Assessment : Immediate Next Steps 1. Build the capability of PAMB members and MPA workers, and partners through an institutionalized training program that includes: a) basic orientation on the NIPAS and its various aspects; b) policy development and implementation, c) participatory governance, and conflict management/resolution; d) project development and fund-raising; e) management planning, budgeting, implementation and evaluation; f) law enforcement. 2. Increase the number of MPA workers through partnerships with other NGAs. It is deemed that partnership with LGUs can flourish through sharing of powers, following the decentralization track.

29 MPA Management Effectiveness Assessment: Recommendations: Policy Development and Studies Policy review for enhanced implementation of the NIPAS Act and other related policies Develop national guidelines on Coral Reef and other Critical Habitats for Rehabilitation and Protection Develop a guideline on Sustainable and Environmentally-Friendly snorkeling and scuba diving and other related ecotourism activities.

30 Future Plans and Programs Implementation of the CTI NPOA (5 Goals) Implementation of the Guidelines on Coral Reef Assessment and Rehabilitation Develop and implement guidelines to enhance and strengthen coral reef management and protection Institutionalize MPA Management Effectiveness Assessment, Database and Awards System

31 THANK YOU and MABUHAY!!