Unit 4 Labor and Careers

Transcription

1 Unit 4 Labor and Careers - Study Guide - Answer, Explain and define the following: 1. Describe our Labor force 2. Learning Effect 3. Equilibrium wage 4. Labor pool 5. White Collar 6. Blue Collar 7. Skilled workers 8. Unskilled workers 9. Professionals 10. Herman Hollerith 11. What are the reasons for picking a career? 12. What is the makeup of the labor force? 13. What is Outsourcing? 14. Labor Union 15. What cause the rise of unions in the 1800 s? 16. Yellow dog contracts 17. Civil Rights Act and Equal Pay Act 18. Strike 19. Arbitration 20. Knights of Labor 21. AFL 22. Samuel Gompers 23. Scab 24. Injunction 25. Mediation 26. Boycott 27. Collective Bargaining 28. Taft-Hartley Act 29. Fair Labor Standards Act 30. Managements response to worker protests 31. Why have Unions decline in recent years? What are the Advantages and Disadvantages for American business to outsource?

2 Labor Force -What is the Labor Force? All people currently working or looking for work. Labor Force- those in an industry. The US economy has moved to {Banking,, health care, } and product development jobs. It s gotten away from inexpensive (has decreased, 1993 to 2003 by 17%). -Providing the Statistics- In 1880 to help keep collected information from the Census, he to record information. A pre-curser to computers There was people in the work force. America s unemployment _ Which equals to about Employment is measured monthly by the. -How do people decide what job or career to enter?- : which jobs pay most? : more education, skills, or abilities needed, the lower the labor pool/ higher the wages. Working Conditions: _ -How do people decide what job or career to enter?- : jobs in less desirable locations tend to pay more. Market Trends: jobs in more workers. Intrinsic Rewards: at a job or in an industry. - Wages - Wage rates are determined by An is the wage at which the number of workers needed equals the number of Workers with higher tend to earn higher wages. Learner Effect-, so higher wages are offered. Jobs and Their Pay Physicians and surgeons Dentists Advertising & Marketing Lawyers Astronomers and physicists Software developers and programmers Financial analysts 190, , ,900 86,240 Architecture and engineering Zoologists and wildlife Biologists Police officers Educational & guidance, school Social workers Cooks, Fast food 79,000 57,770 45,300

3 Labor Trends The Changing trends of the labor force? 1700s: an 1800s: textiles, clothing, food packing. 1900s: Heavy Industries- Late 1970s: - computers & advanced technology Today the industries are service and Information technology related. -The changing Labor Force- A growing population: _ in the early 1900s in addition to the Increased access to education: employers see as having the skills, qualities & potential. Women in the work force:, more service industry jobs available. An increase _: hired for a specific time period to complete a specific task. - Part time workers get less pay minimum wage & benefits but more flexible hours. _: Federal laws prohibit discrimination in hiring and promotion based on gender, age, race, religion, etc. Anti-Discrimination laws: the (1963) and the (1964). -Four categories of labor skill level- Unskilled:, or training required -- hourly wage. Semi-skilled: & education -- hourly wage. Skilled: -- usually vocational occupations. Professional: demands advanced skills & education -- - Blue & White Collar workers- Blue Collar - refers to those workers in. White Collar those workers in professional or -Service vs. Manufacturing Economy- US production of faster than manufacturing products. Fewer needed for _ Result: OUTSOURCING - companies are using to produce goods or provide services. - Outsourcing - A very controversial topic in the US economy. Disadvantages: - Jobs from US workers - Poor control & decreased company loyalty - Not understanding the of the hosting outsourcing provider - Hidden _ problems may arise. Advantages: - Prices of goods are - Cost saving for Companies; lower operation costs and labor - Share in _ with hosting outsourcing provider.

4 Organized Labor -Organized Labor- Today, about of all workers are members of labor unions. Labor Unions - wages & benefits. Collective bargaining- union for the benefit of members. The workday, the five-day work week, even sick leave none of these would have existed without the efforts of labor. -Industrial Revolution- The Industrial Revolution moved jobs from to cities & foreign immigration caused an increase in the supply had control!!! Low wages & poor working conditions _ -Labor Unions- In 1869, Uriah Stephens founded the. It organized workers by, not by trade or level. The Knights of Labor became a nationwide union and adopted political goals: a) all workers b) The end of. In 1886, former cigar maker, started the American Federation of Labor (AFL). It focused on, their goals were to establish: a) Seek improvements in, and working conditions. b) Advocated craft (skilled in a ) workers, which restricted union membership to wage earners and grouped workers into locals based on their trade or craft. Example makers and bakers c) Focused primarily on rather than political reforms. The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) - Established in Unlike the AFL, CIO s members were part of industrial unions- in an industry or experience. Then, in the AFL & CIO to form the AFL-CIO. -Example - organize unskilled and semiskilled workers; steal workers and meatpacking. International Ladies Union was founded in In 1903, Mary Harris Jones, known as led 80 children, many of whom had been _, on a march to the home of President Theodore Roosevelt. The march helped to emphasize the need for laws. -Labor Laws- The (1932) outlawed the practice of hiring only workers who agreed not to join a union{ }. It also required employers to allow workers to organize without interference. The (1935), also known as the protected the rights of workers in the private sector to form unions and to use strikes. The (1938) set a minimum wage, required extra pay for overtime work, and made most child labor illegal.

5 Labor & Management -Union vs. Management- Unions negotiate with management through collective bargaining to maintain certain goals: ~ ~ ~ Job security -What happens if labor & management have a dispute?- Negotiations may break down & may have to resort to mediation or arbitration: - a neutral 3 rd party listens to both sides & solutions. - a neutral 3 rd party listens to both sides & imposes a decision. -What if a settlement cannot be reached?- Unions may choose to: - : stop work until demands are met. - : parade in front of the business with signs. - : encourage consumers to stop buying the company s products - : any combination of strike, picket, or boycott. -What are management responses to strikes?- Employers/ owners can: a) Replace striking workers with - a person who works despite an ongoing strike. b) Institute : shut the doors on workers. c) File an injunction- to work- usually in cases which could threaten -The Decline of the Labor Movement-, Organized crime can run local unions, like the {truck drivers}. _, creation of unnecessary jobs in order to keep union members employed. Closed shops- workers to work. -New Laws- The (1970) assure safe and healthful working conditions for workers. Its main goal is to ensure that employers provide employees with an environment free from recognized, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions. The (1947), Allows individual states the power to pass Right to Work Law: in order to work in an industry. It was meant to and to help businesses operate without unions. Most right-to-work states are in the, and union membership in these areas is low. have affected the strength of Unions.