Social Welfare. A History of the American Response to Need. Mark J. Stern University of Pennsylvania. June Axinn Deceased EIGHTH EDITION

Transcription

1 EIGHTH EDITION Social Welfare A History of the American Response to Need Mark J. Stern University of Pennsylvania June Axinn Deceased Pearson Education Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo

2 Contents Preface xv 1. Introduction 1 CORE COMPETENCY: Professional Identity 3 CORE COMPETENCY: Human Behavior 3 CORE COMPETENCY: Diversity in Practice 6 CORE COMPETENCY: Human Rights and Justice 8 PRACTICE TEST 10 MySocialWorkLab 10 Core Competency Video / Social and Economic Justice: Understanding Forms of Oppression and Discrimination Case Study / Community Practice: Mothers vs. The Board of Education DOCUMENT: Introduction 11 An Act for the Relief of the Poor, 43 Elizabeth, The Colonial Period: The Poor Laws in the Colonies 18 CORE COMPETENCY: Ethical Practice 21 CORE COMPETENCY: Human Rights and Justice 24 Conquest, Expansion, and Population Growth: Native Americans, Immigration, and Slavery 25 CORE COMPETENCY: Policy Practice 28 Challenge to the Poor Laws 28 CORE COMPETENCY: Critical Thinking 29 Veterans: A Special Class 30 PRACTICE TEST 31 y MySocialWorkLab 31 Core Competency Video / Recognizing Personal Values Case Study /Foster Care: Crisis and Kinship in Foster Care DOCUMENTS: The Colonial Period 32 An Act of Supplement to the Acts Referring to the Poor, Massachusetts Bay The Binding of Moses Love, IX

3 3. The Pre-Civil War Period: CORE COMPETENCY: Critical Thinking 37 Labor and Economic Security 41 CORE COMPETENCY: Practice Contexts 42 The Reform Movements 44 CORE COMPETENCY: Human Rights and Justice 46 * Institutions, Almshouses, and Paupers 48 Child Saving 54 CORE COMPETENCY: Diversity in Practice 56 Retreat from the Almshouse 58 PRACTICE TEST 60 MySocialWorkLab 60 Interactive Cases for Practice / Child Welfare Core Competency Video /Applying Critical Thinking DOCUMENTS: The Pre-Civil War Period 61 The First Annual Report of the Managers of the Society for the Prevention of Pauperism in the City of New York, Constitution, By-Laws, &c, of the Female Orphan Asylum of Portland, Maine, President Franklin Pierce: Veto Message An Act Making a Grant of Public Lands to the Several States for the Benefit of Indigent Insane Persons, The Civil War and After: Population Changes 83 Naturalization and Citizenship 83 CORE COMPETENCY: Ethical Practice 85 Regional Shifts 85 The Welfare of Soldiers and Veterans 87 Social Welfare: The Rural South 89 CORE COMPETENCY: Critical Thinking 90 Social Welfare: Urban Problems 92 The Charity Organization Movement 95 The Social Welfare of Women 101 A New View of Child Welfare 103 CORE COMPETENCY: Human Behavior 104 The Aging: The Group That Was Left Behind 106 The Settlement House Movement 106 CORE COMPETENCY: Research-Based Practice 108 Conclusion 108 PRACTICE TEST 109

4 MySocialWorkLab 109 Core Competency Video /Developing an Action Plan That Changes the Internal and External Career FAQ Article / What Is Social Work? What Being a Social Worker Means DOCUMENTS: The Civil War and After 110 An Act t<j Provide for the Relief of Indigent Soldiers, Sailors and Marines, and the Families of Those Deceased, The Economic and Moral Effects of Public Outdoor Relief, An Act to Prohibit the Coming of Chinese Laborers to the United States, September 1888, and Supplement, October Progress and Reform: Poverty and the Working Class 124 CORE COMPETENCY: Ethical Practice 126 Coalitions for Reform 127 CORE COMPETENCY: Professional Identity 130 Social Reform: Working Conditions 132 Social Reform: Women, Work, and Suffrage 134 Social Reform: Income Security 136 Social Reform: Family Welfare 138 CORE COMPETENCY: Research-Rased Practice 139 Social Work and the Black Population 142 CORE COMPETENCY: Policy Practice 143 The End of Reform 144 The Social Welfare of Veterans 146 The Professionalization of Social Work 147 PRACTICE TEST 150 y MySocialWorkLab 150 "1:^ Career Explorations Video I Deborah Vingle Program Director, Battered Women's Program Core Competency Video /Participating DOCUMENTS: Progress and Reform 151 The Family and the Woman's Wage, Funds to Parents Act, Illinois, Public Pensions to Widows, in Policy Changes 6. The Depression and the New Deal: CORE COMPETENCY: Practice Contexts 166 CORE COMPETENCY: Human Behavior 167 The Hoover Response to Crisis 167 xi

5 FDR and the New Deal 168 CORE COMPETENCY: Diversity in Practice 172 Labor and Social Welfare 175 Veterans and the Bonus 177 Public Money for Relief 178 Federal Emergency Relief Administration 179 The Social Security Act T83 > Social Insurance 185 Public Assistance 187 The Eclipse of Reform 189 Family Life and Social Workers 190 New Alignments in Social Welfare 193 CORE COMPETENCY: Professional Identity 194 Conclusion 196 PRACTICE TEST 198 y MySocialWorkLab 198 ^ Core Competency Video / The Ecological Model Using the Friere Method Case Study / Community Practice: Golem, Albania DOCUMENTS: The Depression and the New Deal 199 Monthly Reports of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, Social Security Act, War and Prosperity: Population Shifts 219 Technology, Productivity, and Economic Insecurity 223 World War II 224 Wartime Economic and Social Advances 227 Veterans and the GI Bill 229 Postwar Optimism 230 The Attack on Public Welfare 232 Poverty and the Reform of Welfare 234 CORE COMPETENCY: Besearch-Based Practice 235 CORE COMPETENCY: Policy Practice 236 The War on Poverty 240 CORE COMPETENCY: Critical Thinking 241 Expanded Benefits for the Aging 244 Controlling Public Assistance 245 CORE COMPETENCY: Ethical Practice 246 Civil Rights and Juvenile Justice 247 PRACTICE TEST 248 XII

6 f MySocialWorkLab 248 Interactive Cases for Practice / Group Work """ Core Competency Video / Building Alliances DOCUMENTS: War and Prosperity 249 Message on the Public Welfare Program, Economic Opportunity Act, InreGault«1967, Conservative Resurgence and Social Change: Changing Employment Patterns 268 The Changing Family 269 CORE COMPETENCY: Human Behavior 269 Poverty and Income Distribution 271 The Expansion of Civil Rights 273 Expenditures for Social Welfare 277 Challenging the Welfare State: Welfare Reform 279 CORE COMPETENCY: Professional Identity 280 CORE COMPETENCY: Research-Based Practice 281 Child Welfare and the Aging 282 CORE COMPETENCY: Practice Contexts 282 The Unemployed 285 Women 286 Veterans 288 Conclusion 289 PRACTICE TEST 290 "\/ MySocialWorkLab 290 Career Explorations Video /Mario Moraga Addictions Counselor Case Study /Adoption: Sarah and Robert DOCUMENTS: Conservative Resurgence and Social Change 291 Message on Reform in Welfare, Standard of Review for Termination of Disability Benefits, Social Welfare and the Information Society: The Economy: Productivity, Growth, and Employment 303 Poverty 306 Changes in Family Composition 307 Population Shifts 308 xni

7 The Fall and Rise of Health Care Reform 308 The Failure of Comprehensive Reform in the 1990s 309 Achieving Comprehensive Reform in CORE COMPETENCY: Policy Practice 313 Addressing Poverty and Dependency: The Scope of Welfare Reform 313 The Changing Dynamics of the Welfare Debate 314 The New Consensus o)yer Welfare Reform 316 The Impact of Welfare Reform 317 CORE COMPETENCY: Diversity in Practice 318 Welfare Reform and "Immigration Control" 318 The Return to Voluntarism and the Rise of Privatization 319 CORE COMPETENCY: Ethical Practice 321 The Continuing Civil Rights Battle 322 Education 322 Affirmative Action in the Labor Market 324 Abortion and the Right to Privacy 324 The Great Lockup 325 CORE COMPETENCY: Critical Thinking 326 Conclusion 326 PRACTICE TEST 328 MySocialWorkLab 328 Case Study /Medical Social Work: Stephanie and Rose Doer Core Competency Video /Engaging the Client to Share Their Experiences of Alienation, Marginalization DOCUMENTS: Social Welfare and the Information Society 329 Notes 345 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, State of California, Proposition 187, Illegal Aliens Public Services, Verification, and Reporting, U.S. Supreme Court Lawrence v. Texas, Photo Credits 357 Index 358 xiv