LEAPFROGGING TO SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY. Kelsey Lantz Clemson University Glenn Department of Civil Engineering

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1 LEAPFROGGING TO SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY Kelsey Lantz Clemson University Glenn Department of Civil Engineering

2 A bit about me Lafayette College 13 Easton, PA USA Engineering Studies and International Affairs Clemson University since August 2013 GAANN SREI Fellow Sustainability AND Intelligent Transportation

3 Topics for Discussion Journal Paper: Leapfrogging to Sustainable Mobility Through ITS Creative Inquiry Project Main Idea for Dissertation Motivation Approach Anticipated Challenges

4 Leapfrogging through ITS Telecommunications in many emerging societies advanced from nonexistent telephones directly to affordable mobile networks, leapfrogging beyond the now obsolete landline phase of infrastructure development. We investigate similar leapfrogging possibilities to enhance the sustainability of mobility in emerging cities through intelligent transportation systems (ITS) ( ) We discuss potential applications of ITS in Asia, Latin America, and central and eastern Europe, along with unique obstacles and example successes. These regions were selected for analysis due to their unique local challenges and the relative availability of data. Through our systematic review, we identify leapfrogging opportunities to develop sustainable mobility in emerging cities

5 Transitional/Developing Countries It would be difficult to identify commonalities among the transitional countries and it would be dangerous to group all these countries together in the discussion of this paper. Some commonalities exist: The ratio of roads per square kilometer or per capita is often substantially less than industrialized countries The level of road maintenance is frequently much poorer, so that the percentage of good, usable roads in a network is much lower. Within a vehicle fleet, the percentage of experienced drivers who habitually abide by traffic laws is lower than average PIARC Committee on Intelligent Transport, ITS Handbook, 2nd ed.

6 Why ITS? Metro areas that invested heavily in road capacity expansion fared no better in easing congestion than metro areas that did not. Trends in congestion show that areas that exhibited greater growth in lane capacity spent roughly $22 billion more on road construction than those that didn t, yet ended up with slightly higher congestion costs per person, wasted fuel, and travel delay. D. Chen, If You Build It, They Will Come... Why we Can t Build Ourselves Out of Congestion, Surf. Transp. Pilicy Proj. Prog. VII2, Mar

7 ITS in East Asia 1. Rapid growth in motorization 2. Heterogeneous traffic 3. Expressway projects in the region are typically financed and contracted independently through the build, operate, and transfer (BOT) approach. 4. Multiple languages, including some non-alphabetic scripts, are used so character display systems must incorporate multiple languages and use a two-byte format instead of the more conventional one-byte format. 5. Public transport facilities like buses play a pronounced role in traditional Asian countries. 6. Existing ITS may not be used effectively due to lack of traffic education and training for the public.

8 ITS in Latin America 1. Stabilizing economies lead to growth in demand for mobility 2. Resulting rapid motorization has intensified the inadequacy of facilities to support increased demand. 3. Congestion and accidents are frequent 4. Public transport systems are largely inadequate and must be adjusted in order to reduce travel time and increase reliability 5. Authorities in many of these countries have made major road concessions, so users are now more critical and demand better road conditions and safety.

9 ITS in Central and Eastern Europe Economic growth has led to increase in demand for mobility Both domestic and interregional transportation are projected to rise substantially in this region due to its pivotal location between Asia and Western Europe. Growing pains of the transition to ITS will be partially mitigated by the experience and expertise of the European Commission on Mobility and Transport. ITS have been recognized as an option for the operation and management of road networks to reduce the harmful effects of traffic growth due to increasing motorization. Surveillance of traffic, weather, and road conditions has been identified as a prerequisite for developing the databases for ITSsupported traffic control and management. Although these databases are still being completed, traditional traffic information and control systems have already come into operation to increase traffic safety. Academic institutions in central and eastern Europe have actively been involved in ITS development in cooperation with governmental organizations. ITS deployment in this region is at the crossroads of two strong regional changes: a transformation of the economic system and a paradigm shift to accepting ITS as an alternative to just building roads.

10 ITS Applications for Developing Cities ITS Technology Archived data management systems (ADMS) Centralized traffic management centers Congestion pricing (Lane management) Electronic toll collection (ETC) Anticipated Challenges Technical literacy Financial constraints Harmonization of data standards Financial constraints Delayed benefits Effective enforcement Harmonization of standards Harmonization of standards between all stakeholders Potential Benefits Better forecasting for future planning Increased productivity Reduced congestion and incident rate Reduced fuel consumption, congestion and incident rate Increased revenue Reduced transaction costs and congestion Increased revenue from tolls Rationale ADMS will empower transitional cities to better understand their most urgent challenges and plan for the future [23] Traffic management center is critical for managing all existing and new ITS applications in one centralized location [26] Congestion pricing may discourage potential vehicle owners from purchasing personal vehicles and can more easily be implemented with new roads in emerging regions ETC can help streamline critical harmonization of data standards, which is an important step in new ITS applications, and reduce toll-induced congestion [26] Incident detection Financial constraints Harmonization with emergency personnel Reduced incident induced congestion Emerging cities are especially susceptible to incident-related congestion [26]

11 Continued Intersection Control Red light running cameras Transit signal priority Transit arrival notification Virtual lane separation Effective enforcement Effective enforcement Financial constraints Effective enforcement Financial constraints Financial constraints Delayed benefits Effective enforcement Proper signal timing can control aggressive driving behavior and increase lane capacity Reduced incident rate, increased revenue Reduced congestion Increased ridership Reduced anxiety over transit service Increased ridership Reduced incident rate Cost effectiveness is key for financially restricted cities; conserves energy while increasing mobility [41] Obedience to traffic laws is more variable in transitional cities; better enforcement may shift this culture [23] Cost effectiveness is key; conserves energy while increasing mobility [23] Can be a standalone service; useful for building trust and adding ridership to new or existing transit system High levels of heterogeneous traffic in transitional cities pose a safety threat that can be mitigated by virtual lane separation [26]

12 Creative Inquiry Aims: Our project will evaluate the effectiveness of various transportation initiatives worldwide and apply them to a framework for future policy guidelines. Students will identify regional trends and perform a case study for a noteworthy location. Specific Learning Outcomes: Apply critical thinking skills to contemporary global challenges Analyze the effectiveness of urban transportation strategies Apply fundamentals of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to developing cities Communicate effectively both verbally and in writing

13 Next Steps: Big data, models, planning How can big data be captured and modeled to enable and improve cost-effective, sustainable urban mobility planning in transitional and developing countries?

14 Motivation Traditional traffic sensing infrastructure is in short supply in many emerging cities Growing usage of mobile phones and social media creates a rich data source of useful information for transport planning Transportation uses a huge amount of non-renewable resources; better planning can mitigate future climate changing emissions

15 Approach Identify most relevant and reliable big data sources (GSM, social media, etc.) to model sustainable mobility Develop big data architecture for processing, managing, and storing data Collect data to feed and validate models Critically evaluate results and calibrate architecture Advocate policy decisions to decision-makers

16 Anticipated Challenges Developing World: Weak infrastructure Low technical literacy Political inertia Harmonizing standards Diverse stakeholders High demand for rapid mobility Big Data: Privacy concerns Erroneous correlations intrinsic in any big data set Reliable data acquisition No existing architecture for data processing

17 THANK YOU! Essoresearch.org