Foreword. Vajda Borbala CNCAN President. (i)

Transcription

1 Foreword In 2007, the National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN) has continued to improve its methods and practices for regulation, licensing and control, in its areas of responsibility, in accordance to the Law 111/1996 republished. Romania became a member of the European Union in 2007, this leading to an active involvement of CNCAN in the activities of the European Commission in the areas of nuclear safety, radioprotection, safeguards and safe management of radioactive waste. In 2007, the nuclear and radiological installations in Romania operated safely, in accordance with the technical limits and conditions established through licences issued by CNCAN. CNCAN has made sustained efforts for the deployment in adequate conditions of the project financed by the USA Department of Energy for the return of the spent nuclear fuel from the VVR-S reactor of the National Insitute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Horia Hulubei to the Russian Federation. The nuclear research reactor TRIGA and the associated irradiation devices have operated adequately, demonstrating that the conversion process from highly enriched fuel to low enriched fuel was successful. The applications of ionising radiations in medicine, industry and research have been performed in accordance with the CNCAN requirements. CNCAN has ensured, through permanent monitoring, the observance of the obligations assumed by Romania trough signing and ratification of the international treaties and conventions relevant for the nuclear field. The cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency has been significantly increased. CNCAN and IAEA have organised in Romania a series of international events which were highly appreciated. CNCAN experts have been involved in international missions organised by the IAEA for various Member States in Also, CNCAN has actively participated in the activities organised within the WENRA group, in the plenary sessions of coordination and in the working groups for the harmonisation of the regulatory frameworks in the areas of nuclear safety and of safe management of radioactive waste. CNCAN is a member of the High Level Group (HLG), constituted by the European Commission, and also a member of the Regulatory Assistance Management Group (RAMG). In this context, CNCAN has entered a new stage in its activity, that of technical assistance supplier. The Annual Report for 2007 presents significant information regarding the activities and achievements of CNCAN, as well as details on the performances of nuclear and radiological installations in Romania. Vajda Borbala CNCAN President (i)

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Ch. 1 Nuclear Safety Introduction Development of Nuclear Safety Regulations Convention on Nuclear Safety Regulatory oversight of nuclear installations Cernavoda NPP Licensing Process Regulatory assessment of proposed plant modifications Annual planned outage of Unit Regulatory inspections Specific inspections Inspections related to the Management of Safety Unplanned shutdown of Unit 1 of Cernavoda NPP Licensing of Unit 2 of Cernavoda NPP Regulatory Surveillance Programme Trial Operation License for Cernavoda NPP Unit Assessment of operational events Use of operating experience feedback TRIGA research reactor VVR-S research reactor Repatriation of the spent nuclear fuel Licensing of operating personnel for nuclear installations Annual Meeting of the Senior Regulators of Countries Operating 1.5 CANDU Reactors Training of CNCAN staff in the area of nuclear safety PHARE Assistance IAEA Assistance Accident Management Program Periodical Nuclear Safety Review Annual DRN training (ii)

3 1.7 CNCAN participation in international events on nuclear safety Ch. 2 Quality Management Systems Regulations on Management Systems in the Nuclear Field CNCAN Quality Management System CNCAN Interface with the Licensees Quality Management Systems Authorisation in Nuclear Installations: Nuclear Power Plants and Research Reactors The Quality Management System Authorisation for Equipment and Services Suppliers Authorisation and Control of the Nuclear Constructions Personnel with Responsibilities in the Evaluation of the Quality Management Systems Quality Management System Control at the Nuclear Installations, Power Reactors and Research Reactors The Authorisation and Control Activities for the Commissioning of Cernavoda NPP Unit The Use of Cernavoda NPP Unit 1 Experience. Improvement Programmes Corrective Actions Surveillance Activities The Authorisation and Control of the Construction-Mounting 2.13 Contractors The Self-Evaluation of the Quality Management System Supplier Audits Checking of the Quality Records CNCAN Personnel Training in Quality Management Ch. 3 Radioprotection, radioactive waste and transportation Elaboration of Regulations Authorisation of Activities Radioprotection in nuclear and radiological installations Participation at the activities for commissioning and licensing of Cernavoda NPP Unit Radioprotection in research nuclear installations Assessment of EURATOM Art. 35 fulfilment in Romania Radiological investigations Natural radiation sources which lead to a significant increase in population and workers exposure Radioactive Waste Management (iii)

4 3.4.1 Activities regarding Radioactive Waste Final Storage Activities regarding intermediary storage of spent nuclear fuel Transportation of Radioactive Materials Control Activities IAEA radioactive waste database Participation in projects, programs, conferences, seminars and national and international meetings on radioprotection and radioactive waste Participation in CE and IAEA work groups Training and perfecting of personnel in radioprotection and radioactive waste Ch. 4 Nuclear Safeguards Nuclear Safeguards and Additional Protocol Implementation in Romania Licensing Activities Certifications of safeguards responsible personnel Control Activities CNCAN Safeguards Database Participation in international workshops and conferences on 4.6 safeguards Ch. 5 Physical Protection of the Nuclear Materials and Installations New physical protection regulations Technical co-operation projects on physical protection Licensing Activities Prevention of and fighting against illicit traffic of nuclear materials Control Activities Assessment of physical protection procedures Certification of personnel responsible for physical protection of nuclear 5.7 materials and installations CNCAN personnel training on physical protection Preventing and fighting against nuclear terrorism Ch. 6 Uranium ores mining and milling Licensing Activities Certification of personnel for mining activities Authorisation of level 2 radiation protection programmes Licensing of documentation containing radiological safety assessments (iv)

5 6.5 Radiological monitoring of occupationally exposed personnel Environment monitoring and recovery Control Activities CNCAN Databases Main CNCAN objectives regarding uranium mining and milling activities in Training of CNCAN personnel involved in licensing and surveillance of uranium mining and milling activities Ch. 7 Ionising Radiations Applications CNCAN Authorisation and Control CNCAN activity objectives for Assuring monitoring for activities, radiological installations, radiation 7.2 sources, professionally exposed personnel and doses received by the professionally exposed personnel Evaluation of solicitations submitted to CNCAN Authorisation of activities involving radiological installations Authorisation of personnel Assigning trial laboratories Audit of the quality management system implemented by the 7.7 radiological installations manufacturers Patient radioprotection Training courses approvals Notification of work at the exterior of the special precincts Participations in congresses, symposiums, technical meetings, 7.11 projects Regulatory activity Public information with regard to radioprotection and radiological safety Control of activities involving radiological installations General aspects of the control of objectives containing radiological installations Clossing session CNCAN team of inspectors Training of inspectors and experience exchange The national dose registry Notices regarding exceedance of the maximum admitted dose Ch. 8 CNCAN s Emergency response Centre activities (v)

6 8.1 Responsibilities in preparing, pnalling and intervention in case of a nuclear or radiological emergency Modernisations at CNCAN s Emergency Response Centre The medium term operation strategy for CNCAN s Emergency Response Centre, during Regulations in the field of surveillance of metallic waste radioactive content Representation inside the national and international structures for the preparing and planning in the field of emergency situations Representation in relation with the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations (IGSU) and with the National Committee for Emergency Situations (CNSU) Representation in relation with IAEA and the European Commission IAEA Missions CE Missions Environmental radiological investigations in the influence area of Cernavoda NPP Routine monitoring programs The European Commission verification mission for compliance with the EURATOM Article 35 provisions, June CNCAN personnel training for nuclear and/or radiological emergency situations National and international preparation exercises Preparation and perfection training courses Ch. 9 International Relations Introduction Conventions and treaties The Convention on Nuclear Safety The Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials EURATOM Safeguards Agreement The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Bi-lateral Cooperation Co-operation with the International Atomic Energy Agency Co-operation with Hungary Co-operation with Moldavia Co-operation with Bulgaria Co-operation with Korea (vi)

7 9.3.6 Co-operation with the United States of America Co-operation with Italy Co-operation with Norway Multilateral co-operation European Affairs and European Community Programmes Co-operation with the European Community Services European High Level Group on Nuclear Safety and Waste Management Regulatory Assistance Management Group Advisory Committee European Community Programmes Training on International Relations Ch. 10 Management of Human and Financial Resources Introduction Financial resources and administration of CNCAN patrimony Legal frame Principles applied in the economical activity of CNCAN Economical activity of CNCAN Financial sources and the economical analysis of the CNCAN 10.3 activity Human resources Ch. 11 Public Relations Introduction Communication with the public Press conference organisation Signing of the CNCAN ANM collaboration protocol CNCAN response to public requests Ch. 12 List of Acronyms (vii)

8 1. Nuclear Safety 1.1 Introduction CNCAN activities in the area of nuclear safety have been directed at meeting the national nuclear safety strategic objectives, by maintaining an effective regulatory oversight of the nuclear installations, ensuring that the licensees maintain high safety standards and by continuing the implementation of the national action plans that take account of the recommendations from the IAEA expert missions received by Romania as well as of the recommendations arising from projects sponsored by the European Commission. The nuclear safety objectives of CNCAN activities for 2007 have been derived from the national nuclear safety strategy and can be summarized as follows: Development of the regulatory framework by continuing the process of drafting nuclear safety regulations and guides; Implementation of the national action plan for harmonizing nuclear safety requirements with the Reference Levels established by the Western Nuclear Regulators Association (WENRA); Ensuring the rigueur and the effectiveness of the regulatory oversight of licensees performance and compliance with nuclear safety requirements, for Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant (Units 1 and 2) and for the nuclear research reactors; Enhancing the effectiveness of the regulatory licensing of operating personnel for the NPP and the research reactors; Effective coordination of the actions listed in the contract signed by CNCAN and the US Department of Energy (DOE) for the shipment of highly enriched nuclear spent fuel from the VVR-S research reactor of the Horia Hulubei National Institute of Nuclear Physics and Engineering (IFIN-HH) to the Russian Federation; Accelerating the implementation of the in-house training programme for the regulatory staff; Enhancing the regulatory capabilities for reviewing probabilistic safety assessments and ensuring effective coordination of the activities within the framework of the related PHARE Assistance Project; Arranging for and contributing to the organisation of international events relevant for the cooperation on nuclear safety matters, under the auspices of the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency), the EC (European Commission), NEA/OECD (Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), WENRA (Western Nuclear Regulators Association) and the DOE (US Department of Energy); - 1 -

9 Ensuring adequate participation of CNCAN experts to a wide range of national and international events relevant for the area of nuclear safety ; Developing the team spirit within the organisation and ensuring correctness and equitability of the staff performance appraisals; Strengthening the links and information sharing with worldwide organisations and regulatory authorities with competence in the nuclear field ; Enhancing communication with mass-media and the public and transparency of regulatory decision-making process. The following sections give an overview of the activities undertaken by CNCAN in 2007, relevant for the area of nuclear safety. 1.2 Development of Nuclear Safety Regulations As part of the process of harmonisation of safety regulations and practices in the WENRA countries, CNCAN continued its involvement in the activities of the Reactor Harmonization Working Group (RHWG), as well as the participation in the plenary meetings of WENRA members. The harmonisation of the national regulations with the reference levels established by WENRA is in line with the strategy of CNCAN for observing the developments and trends in the area of nuclear safety in the European Union. Starting with 2007, the Division of Nuclear Reactors of CNCAN has been providing the secretariat for the RHWG. The main activities of the RHWG in 2007 include the following: revision of the safety reference levels for nuclear power reactors to take account of the comments made by the stakeholders (mainly by the representatives of the nuclear industry and by the representatives of nonnuclear countries); establishment of a mechanism for monitoring the progress with the implementation of the national action plans for endorsing and ensuring full implementation of the reference levels; elaboration of new reference levels, regarding the integrated management systems, in order to take account of the most recent requirements and recommendations made by the IAEA on this matter; work on a proposal for a new mandate for RHWG, with the objective of undertaking a study regarding the harmonisation of nuclear safety principles for evolutionary reactors. The active involvement of CNCAN experts in the activities of the RHWG ensures awareness of the latest information regarding the evolution of the safety - 2 -

10 reference levels and of their interpretation and implementation by the nuclear industry, this information being of interest for the development of the national nuclear regulatory framework and for the discussions with the licensees. During 2007, CNCAN has revised the national action plan for the endorsing and implementing the safety reference levels and has continued the process of drafting the related regulations. 1.3 Convention on Nuclear Safety Romania has ratified the Convention on Nuclear Safety through the Law no. 43 / 24 May In accordance with article 5 of the Convention, all contracting parties elaborate national reports to demonstrate how they fulfil their obligations under the Convention and present these for evaluation during the reviews meetings that are organised every 3 years, pursuant to the provisions of article 22 of the Convention. During 2007, the Division of Nuclear Reactors has elaborated, in cooperation with the Division for Radiation Protection and Radioactive Waste, the 4 th national report under the Convention on Nuclear Safety. The report incorporates contributions from the National Company Nuclearelectrica, the owner and operator of Cernavoda NPP. Fig. 1.1 The Romanian Report under the Convention on Nuclear Safety The 4 th Romanian Report under the Convention on Nuclear Safety presents the measures taken at national level to ensure fulfilment of our obligations as a contracting Party to the Convention. the main issues addressed in the report concern the changes to the Romanian legislative and regulatory framework, taking account of the development of international safety standards and recognised good practices; the measures taken by CNCAN to improve the effectiveness of the regulatory activities; and improvement initiatives taken and planned by the licence holder to further enhance the safety of the nuclear power plant. The structure of the 4 th national report is similar to that of the reports previously submitted by Romania, while the content has been intended to cover a number of more detailed issues, in accordance with the recommendations made available the IAEA Secretariat to assist Contracting Parties in drafting their reports, as well as in the review process. The information provided in the previous reports has been further detailed and updated, highlighting the most significant developments since the 3 rd Review Meeting of the Contracting Parties., which can be summarized as follows: modernisation of the regulatory framework for nuclear safety, particularly due to the endorsement of the Safety Reference Levels developed by WENRA (addressed under Article 7); - 3 -

11 recruitment and training of new staff for the regulatory body; results of the IAEA IRRS (Integrated Regulatory Review Service) Mission to CNCAN (described under Article 8); improvement of the training programmes and facilities for the main categories of personnel with jobs important to safety (under Article 11); implementation of the Human Performance Programme (under Article 12); implementation of an Integrated Management System for Cernavoda NPP, in accordance with the latest IAEA requirements and guidance on this matter (under Article 13); progress with the Probabilistic Safety Analysis Programme and risk-informed applications for Cernavoda NPP (under Article 14); new regulatory requirements regarding the limiting and monitoring of radioactive discharges from NPP and revision of the respective NPP internal regulations; increased effectiveness in implementation of the ALARA principle (under Article 15); re-organisation of the emergency response arrangements; the establishment of the Cernavoda On-Site Emergency Control Centre; modernisation of the Emergency Control Centre of CNCAN (under Article 16); design modifications and upgrading for Cernavoda NPP Units, resulting from operational experience feedback and changes in regulatory requirements (under Article 18); commissioning of Cernavoda NPP Unit 2; progress with regard to the collection and analysis of operational experience; strategy for developing plant specific severe accident management guidelines (under Article 19). The contracting parties have been assigned to 6 groups, in order to facilitate the review and the discussions over various aspects relevant for the scope of the Convention. Romania is part of Country Group 1, together with Belarus, Estonia, Mexico, Peru, Poland, Spain, Sweden, USA and EURATOM. Romania is providing the coordinator for Country Group 1, thus contributing to the Fig. 1.2 Country Group 1 Coordinator s Report identification of the main areas of interest for each of the contracting parties in this group, based on the questions received in relation to each article of the Convention. During the review process Romania has received 123 questions (from Austria, - 4 -

12 Bulgaria, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, India, Pakistan, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, USA) and asked 164 questions (to countries in Group 1, WENRA countries and countries operating CANDU NPPs). During the 4 th Review Meeting, the Romanian delegation presented the main issues of interest arising from the questions received after the review of its national report (the questions received through the IAEA CNS website), as well as the significant developments for the period not covered by the report (September April 2008), and will provide additional information in response to any further questions raised by the Contracting Parties. Fig. 1.3 gives the number of questions received by Romania during the first part of the review process. Fig. 1.4 presents the number of questions received by Romania for each article of the Convention. 25 Number of Questions to Romania Poland Spain Sweden USA Greece France Pakistan Austria Ukraine India Ireland Bulgaria Canada Germany Finland Hungary Turkey UK CPs Fig. 1.3 Questions asked to Romania by the Contracting Parties Number of Questions General Planned activities Chapters Fig. 1.4 Questions received by Romania for each article - 5 -

13 1.4 Regulatory oversight of nuclear installations Cernavoda NPP The largest part of the activities undertaken during 2007 by CNCAN with regard to the assessment and verification of safety concern the regulatory oversight of Cernavoda NPP, Units 1 and 2. The regulatory activities related to Cernavoda NPP Units 1 and 2, focused on verifying licensee s arrangements for complying with the nuclear safety regulations and the licensing conditions, can be divided in the following main categories: Assessment of the safety documentation submitted by the licensee for review and approval, if the case (e.g. the technical evaluations performed in support of proposed design modifications); Daily inspections performed by the resident inspectors to maintain awareness of the operating practices and safety performance of the plant; A system of regulatory Witness Points and Hold Points, in accordance with the annual inspection plan. CNCAN, through the Division of Nuclear Reactors, has evaluated the progress made by the licensee in the implementation of the corrective actions resulted from the regulatory inspection reports, as well as of those resulted from licensee s own evaluations of the reportable events. Based on the findings of the regulatory inspections performed, on the general results of the regulatory reviews performed and on the trends of the performance indicators, CNCAN has acknowledged that the plant has operated safely and reliably. The performance indicators for Cernavoda NPP for 2007 are presented in the following. Both units of Cernavoda NPP have operated with high capacity factors, being in the top ten of similar CANDU units worldwide (refer to Fig. 1.6, 1.7, 1.8 and 1.9)

14 MW(e) Average 2006 Generated Power 100 Station Distribution Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Fig. 1.5 Evolution of Cernavoda U #1 power in MW(e) Under Commissioning Generated Power Station Distribution August / September / October Nov Dec Fig. 1.6 Evolution of Cernavoda U #2 power in

15 Capacity Factor (%) January February March April May June Julay August September October November December Year 2007 Since in service Fig. 1.7 U1- Evolution of the capacity factor in 2007 Capacity Factor (%) November December Year 2007 Since in service Fig. 1.8 U2-Evolution of the capacity factor in 2007 The safety performance indicators (Table 1.1) have registered adequate values, within the safe operating envelope, in accordance with the safety analyses and the operating documents. The unavailability of the Special Safety Systems has been within the prescribed limits, in accordance with the Operating Policies and Principles documents, as approved by CNCAN, and with the licence conditions in the operating licence of Unit 1, and in the commissioning and trial operation licences of Unit 2 respectively

16 Table 1.1 Safety performance indicators for U1 and U2 in 2007 Global capacity factor,% Indicatori Capacity factor per unit,% Unplanned loss of power factor,% Forced loss factor, % Unitatea # 2007 U U U U U U U1 0.3 U2 6.4 Automated unplanned shutdowns/ 7000 hours at U1 0 criticality U SDS No.1 Unavailability (min) U1 0 U2 - SDS No.2 Unavailability (min) U1 0 U2 - ECCS Unavailability (min) U U2 - Containment System Unavailability (min) U1 0 U2 - Chemical performance indicator U U2 - Chemical control: % of time within the limits of the U specification U2 Reliability of the nuclear fuel, Bq/g U U2 - Average fuelling rate (bundles/day at nominal U power) U2 Average burnup at unloading (MWh/KgU) U U2 Number of suspected defect bundles at unloading U1 0 U2 Volume of solid radioactive waste, m3 (except U nuclear fuel and resins) U2 - Radioactive emissions in the environment U (Equivalent dose for the critical group), μsv U2 - Total effective dose on station (man/msv) Station Total gaseous effluent releases in the equivalent of the effective dose for a member in the critical Station 10.1 group (μsv) Total liquid effluent releases in the equivalent of the effective dose for a member in the critical Station 3.21 group (μsv) Dose on station, man-sv Station Number of radiological incidents Station 0-9 -

17 The operational risk profile (refer to Fig. 1.9) and the cumulative risk for 2007 (Fig. 1.10) for Unit 1 show that the operation of the unit has been in accordance with the safety goal based on an internationally accepted value for existing plants. Fig. 1.9 U1-Operational risk profile in E E E E E E E E E E E+00 Jan '07 Feb '07 Mar '07 Apr '07 May '07 Jun '07 Jul '07 Aug '07 Sep '07 Oct '07 Nov '07 Dec '07 Base Risk (No maintenance) 3.93E E E E E E E E E E E E-05 CDF (2007 year cummulated risk) 4.31E E E E E E E E E E E E-05 CDF yearly limit 8.33E E E E E E E E E E E E-04 Medium Risk (includes maintenance) 5.03E E E E E E E E E E E E-05 Fig U1-Cummulative risk in 2007 Effluent releases in 2007 have been lower than the prescribed limits. The effective dose to population, resulted from the gaseous emissions from Unit 1, is of 7.16 μsv for a member of the critical group. The effective dose to population, resulted from the liquid effluent releases from Unit 1, is of 3.29 μsv for a member of the critical group

18 Legal lim it: 1000 m icrosv; CNCAN licence lim it: 100 m icrosv microsv January February March April May June July August September October November December Fig U1-Gaseous effluent releases in Cernavodă, Unit 1 in 2007 Legal lim it: 1000 m icrosv; CNCAN licence lim it: 100 m icrosv January February March April May June July August microsv September October November December Fig U1-Liquid effluent releases in Cernavodă, Unit 1 in 2007 With regard to Unit 2, the effective dose to population, resulted from the gaseous emissions during the 4 th quarter of 2007, is of 1.52E-01 μsv for a member of the critical group. The effective dose to population, resulted from the liquid effluent releases from Unit 2 during the last quarter of 2007, is of 4.80E-04 μsv for a member of the critical group

19 Licensing Process A number of meetings with the licensees have been organised during 2007, at the request of CNCAN, for the discussion and evaluation of safety significant aspects relevant for the licensing of Cernavoda NPP units. Examples of the subjects on the agenda of such a meeting include: Changes in licensees strategy regarding the scheduling and performance of planned outages; Regulatory strategy for the licensing of Cernavoda NPP Units for the medium term and long period (next 30 years); Safety classification of NPP systems, structures and components; Licensee s progress in the implementation of the strategic safety analyses programme; Status of preparatory activities for the first Periodic Safety Review (PSR) of Cernavoda NPP Unit 1; Measures taken by the licensee to ensure adequate management of the heat sinks for the case of low Danube levels. Measures to ensure adequate numbers of licensed operating personnel for the operation of both Cernavoda NPP units Regulatory assessment of proposed plant modifications During 2007 CNCAN has assessed and approved a number of proposed permanent design changes, for both Unit 1 and 2 of Cernavoda NPP. These changes have been initiated with the aim of improving plant operability and reliability. In accordance with the licensing procedures, CNCAN has also reviewed and approved temporary modifications of plant systems configuration, for each of the Cernavoda NPP units. Fig gives an overview of the number of modifications, submitted to CNCAN for review and approval Annual planned outage of Unit 1 In line with the regulatory policies regarding the oversight of the nuclear installations, for the duration of the planned outage of Cernavoda NPP Unit 1 in September 2007, CNCAN has elaborate and implemented an inspection programme, in addition to the annual inspection plan, establishing witness and hold points for the verifying the compliance of the maintenance and repair activities with the nuclear and radiological safety requirements. The main aspects of regulatory interest with regard to the performance of the activities scheduled for the planned outage are summarized below:

20 adherence to the working procedures, use of adequate tools and materials for the implementation of preventive maintenance activities; control of plant modifications, modification proposal and approval process, classification and scheduling of modifications performance; Approval Type RSMA-U1 RSMA-U2 DCN-U2 MPA-U1 Fig Statistics of the CNCAN evaluated and approved design changes in 2007 fulfilling of the prerequisites/conditions for the start of specific works and/or of the actions established for specific activities in the working plans; fulfilling of acceptance criteria specified in the testing procedures; compliance with the quality management system requirements. For the monitoring of licensee s activities during the planned outage, CNCAN has set 28 witness points (WP) and 2 hold points (HP). For the whole duration of the planned outage, the staff of NPP Surveillance Unit of the Division of Nuclear Reactors has participated in the 3 daily meetings of the plant management, to keep informed of the progress of activities and of any problems encountered Regulatory inspections The key objective of CNCAN annual inspection programme for Cernavoda NPP is to monitor compliance with the legal, regulatory and licensing requirements, and to take enforcement action in the event of non-compliance. The inspections for Cernavoda NPP are planned in a systematic manner by the staff from CNCAN headquarters and the resident inspectors, with the aim of ensuring a proactive identification of the deficiencies and deviations from good practices that could result in non-compliances. The inspection planning for Cernavoda NPP is periodically reviewed and modified as new information on the facility or organisation is obtained. The

21 inspections performed by CNCAN staff in 2007 include: scheduled inspections, planned and performed either by each of the technical divisions, or jointly, with the occasion of the major licensing milestones; unscheduled and/or unannounced inspections, some of these being reactive inspections, in response to incidents; routines and daily observation performed by the resident inspectors, as well as witnessing of systems testing and of preventive or corrective maintenance work for systems and equipment important to safety Hold Points 2 Witness Points Fig CNCAN Witness Points and Hold Points for the planned outage of Unit 1 of Cernavoda NPP a) Proactive and reactive inspections Fig gives the number of proactive and reactive inspections performed by CNCAN staff in Proactive Inspetions Reactive Inspections Total Number of Inspections Fig Categories of CNCAN inspections in

22 Examples of inspection activities and tasks performed by CNCAN inspectors are given below: review of plant operation reports; review of progress on outstanding safety issues; review of the past safety performance of the plant; review of the status of committed safety improvements; review of the station requests with regard to deviations from conditions in the OP&Ps; quality management audits; review of temporary & permanent modifications to ensure they are consistent with the licensing basis for the plant for the following types of documents; system inspections; observation of operating practices & work; monitoring of the training programme implementation; monitoring of emergency drills; monitoring of the radiological protection practices; independent assessment of the radiological impact on environment. The inspection findings are generally classified based on the following criteria: - Nonconformities with potential impact on public safety/nuclear safety; - Nonconformities with potential impact on environmental protection; - Nonconformities with impact on plant security; - Nonconformities with impact on work safety; - Nonconformities with impact on production; - Non-compliances with management system requirements. The nonconformities are recorded in a data base maintained by the NPP Surveillance Unit (see Fig. 1.16). The regulatory dispositions based on the inspection findings reflect the safety significance of the nonconformities, calling for appropriate corrective actions. Fig CNCAN data base on the inspections for Cernavoda NPP

23 b) Continuous monitoring of operations Continuous monitoring of Cernavoda NPP operation consists of the implementation of a detailed set of routine inspections, that cover the most important areas of the plant, aimed at assessing the physical and functional state of safety related plant systems. Resident inspectors in the NPP Surveillance Section have a very important role in the daily observation and assessment of the activities on site. The team of resident inspectors is responsible for producing the first draft of the annual inspection plan, which is then reviewed and supplemented by the staff in the CNCAN headquarters. They also participate as observers in the daily planning meetings of the plant management, to keep informed of the ongoing activities and of the decisions taken. Examples of activities performed by the resident inspectors are given below: - verification of the implementation of the dispositions and recommendations resulted from previous inspections; - independent preliminary investigation of events significant for safety; - inspections in the field for observing and gathering information on the general progress of plant activities; - detailed system inspections, for observing the performance of maintenance activities and the status of related documentation; - daily verification of the various records and reports related to the operation of the plant; - evaluation of the practices in different areas of activity to observe adherence to procedures, with focus on radiation protection aspects, preventive maintenance activities, testing of the special safety systems, personnel training, quality assurance, etc. - monitoring of the emergency preparedness arrangements; - surveillance of the performance of activities during the planned outages with regard to configuration of the safety related systems, radiation protection of the personnel, work involving contractors, elaboration and review of the safety documentation (procedures, work plans, modification proposals, etc.); - witnessing the performance of tests or other activities performed on safety related systems, usually according to an inspection plan that includes Witness Points (WP) and Hold Points (HP) (this approach is used mainly for monitoring the commissioning activities of Unit 2 and for the planned outages of Unit 1). A series of routine inspections is used by the NPP Surveillance Section to monitor the physical state of the systems and the operating parameters, that cover all safety relevant areas of the plant. These routines are performed periodically, for each area the inspection activities being fully covered every 3 months, to verify the implementation of the relevant plant programmes and plans. During 2007, CNCAN inspectors have performed inspections of the following areas of the plant: Reactor Building; Service Building;

24 Turbine Building; High Pressure Emergency Core Cooling Building; Emergency Water System Building; Secondary Control Area; Standby Diesel Generators Building; Spent Fuel Bay; Pump House; Chillers Building; The choice of tests and preventive and corrective maintenance works witnessed by CNCAN inspectors has taken into account the safety importance of the respective systems and the work plans of the licensee. Besides the routines, the resident inspectors perform daily visits to the control room, for verifying the main operating parameters and the different aspects related to work planning and control of temporary modifications. The resident inspectors participate also as observers in the daily planning meetings of the plant management. Daily reports are elaborated by the NPP Surveillance Section and forwarded to the CNCAN headquarters for information on the plant status and for ensuring awareness of any inspection findings Specific inspections Several thematic inspections have been performed, in accordance with the annual inspection plan for Unit 1, including the following: Inspections for verification of the implementation of the corrective actions arisen from the regulatory inspection reports; Inspection of the Shutdown System #1; Inspection of the Shutdown System #2, including inspection of the Liquid Injection Shutdown System; Inspection of the End Shield Cooling System; Inspections of the Spent Fuel Bay Inspections related to the Management of Safety CNCAN verifies that the licensee has accomplished its responsibility, to ensure the continuous availability of safety-related fundamental resources, including adequate management, operation and support personnel, and the various physical plant resources needed for the safe design, testing, operation, and maintenance of the plant. The results of CNCAN assessment and inspections are incorporated into the licensee s overall plant management and corrective action programs. The issues and findings are viewed in terms of trends as well as their apparent risk. The results of plant continuous monitoring and periodic safety assessment by the licensee are available to the regulator by means of Shift Supervisors Log,

25 Quarterly Technical Reports, Surveillance Programmes, results of Probabilistic Safety Assessments and Deterministic Nuclear Safety Analyses and also by communication with CNCAN site-dedicated inspectors, on daily basis. In monitoring the licensee s arrangements for managing safety, CNCAN reviews the use of indicators throughout a licensee s organisation to improve safety and the measures taken to prevent adverse trends in any of the safety related indicators Unplanned shutdown of Unit 1 of Cernavoda NPP Unit 1 of Cernavoda NPP has had a single unplanned shutdown, due to high level vibrations of one of the turbine bearings, during unit start-up after the completion of maintenance activities performed during the planned outage Licensing of Unit 2 of Cernavoda NPP In accordance with the commissioning schedule of Cernavoda NPP Unit 2, CNCAN has continued the inspection, assessment and licensing of commissioning activities and the transition to commercial operation. Fig Cernavoda NPP Unit 2 Commissioning Overview - Process Systems In accordance with the Romanian licensing practice, CNCAN has organised, on a regular basis, common meetings with representatives of the licence holder, the National Company Nuclearelectrica (SNN) and the Project Management Team (MT) for commissioning of Unit 2. The main subjects of the licensing meetings include the following:

26 Meeting on the 10 th of January 2007: Preparations for manual fuel loading into the reactor; Analysis of non-conformances and corrective actions; Quality Management Manual for the commissioning phase; Process for the management of temporary changes for the commissioning stage; Progress with the commissioning tests; Commissioning backlog from the previous stages; Availability and adequacy of dosimetric and radiation protection equipment; Progress with the commissioning of the seismic monitoring equipment. Meeting on the 2 nd of February 2007: CNCAN requirements for the manual fuel loading milestone: Current status of the preparations for application for a permit for fuel loading into the reactor core; Compliance with the nuclear safety objectives relevant for the fuel loading milestone; Current status of elaboration and approval process for the radiation protection procedures required by CNCAN as a condition in the commissioning licence; Status of the implementation of the radiation protection training undertaken by plant personnel; Status of management personnel licensing by CNCAN; Corrective actions implementation status. Status and improvement of the process for managing temporary modifications; Hot Performance Tests; Programme for commissioning phases B and C; Status of implementation of CNCAN requirements regarding the reporting of non-conformances. Meeting on the 10 th of February 2007: Evaluation of Unit 2 readiness for manual loading of the fuel into the reactor core; Meeting on the 27 th of February 2007: Evaluation of Unit 2 readiness for primary heat transport fill with heavy water. Meeting on the 15 th of March 2007: Assessment of modifications to the OP&P document; Implementation of CNCAN dispositions resulted from the regulatory inspections performed prior to Fuel Load and Heavy Water Load; Status of corrective actions implementations;

27 Application for a permit for first reactor criticality; General progress of the activities of the commissioning programme. Meeting on the 5 th of April 2007: Status of ISCIR licences for the systems necessary to be operational for the Commissioning Phase B; Current status of the commissioning activities. Meeting on the 3 rd of May 2007: Assessment of licensee s compliance with the regulatory requirements for the issuance of the permit for reaching the first criticality of the Unit 2 reactor. Fig Participants to the licensing meeting held prior to the issuance of the permit for reaching the first criticality of the Unit 2 reactor Meeting on the 8 th of June 2007: Assessment of licensee s compliance with the regulatory requirements for the issuance of the permit to increase reactor power. Meeting on the 29 th of June 2007: Discussion of the licensing documentation to be submitted in support of the application for a trial operation. Meeting on the 3 rd of July 2007: Assessment of licensee s compliance with the regulatory requirements for the issuance of the permit to increase reactor power to 25%FP

28 Meeting on the 2 nd of August 2007: Assessment of licensee s compliance with the regulatory requirements for the issuance of the permit to increase reactor power to 50%FP. Meeting on the 5 th of September 2007: Assessment of licensee s compliance with the regulatory requirements for the issuance of the permit to increase reactor power to nominal power (FP). Assessment of licensee s compliance with the regulatory requirements for the issuance of the trial operation. The licensing process for the commissioning of Unit 2 has been similar to the licensing process undertaken for Unit 1 of Cernavoda NPP, benefiting from the use of proven and effective processes and of the experience acquired by the regulatory personnel. The commissioning programme was conducted on a milestone basis in parallel with the Licensing Programme agreed with CNCAN. Each milestone was achieved, and documented processes were set in place to demonstrate that: the testing activities were well defined and clearly detailed and the objectives of the tests were well established, in such a manner that the equipment and systems are placed in service, design specifications confirmed, and safety assumptions validated; Fig Permit issued by CNCAN for the first criticality of Unit 2 reactor of Cernavodă NPP the testing activities were scheduled, reviewed and performed without jeopardizing at any time the plant safety, and the status of the plant was appropriate for the corresponding commissioning activities; the process of test results evaluation provided assurance that all the applicable assumptions and conclusions included in the safety documentation were adequately demonstrated; all the required operating documentation including baseline data collection forms for systems and components was prepared and available to the operating personnel; test records essential to demonstrate that commissioning activities have been performed in accordance with specified requirements were collected,

29 assembled, validated and filed to storage by the Operations Document Control Centre, as a part of the individual system commissioning packages; the Commissioning test results together with the process in place to review, evaluate and approve them, referred to as Commissioning Completion Assurance (CCA), were used to obtain approval to proceed beyond the licensing milestones and release hold points agreed with CNCAN. Based on the regulatory evaluation of commissioning tests, CNCAN has acknowledged that the safety and licensing requirements have been met. All the documentation pertaining to the commissioning process have been made available to the regulatory staff. The following permits and licences have been issued by CNCAN after having verified compliance with all applicable requirements, through a systematic programme of inspections and evaluations of safety documentation: Permit for fuel loading into the reactor core of the reactor of Cernavoda NPP Unit 2 (LF) - February 2007; Permit for loading the heavy water into the primary heat transport circuit (HD) - February 2007; Permit for first criticality of Cernavoda NPP Unit 2 reactor (CR) - May 2007; Permit to increase reactor power to 5%FP (PI) - June 2007; Permit to increase reactor power to 25%FP (PP1) - June 2007; Permit to increase reactor power to 50%FP (PP2) - August 2007; Permit to increase reactor power to 75%FP (PP3) - August 2007; Permit to increase reactor power to 100% FP (PP4) - September 2007; Licence for Trial Operation of Unit 2 of Cernavoda NPP - October Regulatory Surveillance Programme The detailed programme of commissiong tests on a system by system basis and for integrated tests for all phases has been elaborated by the licensee and submitted to CNCAN for review and approval. The programme, including specific safety objectives and acceptance criteria has been reviewed for compliance with design intent and safety analyses and approved by CNCAN. From this programme, safety relevant tests have been selected to be witnessed by CNCAN inspectors and included in the regulatory surveillance programme (RSP). CNCAN programme for surveillance of the commissioning activities for Unit 2 included more than 180 Witness Points (WP) for all the phases of the commissioning

30 programme. The Hold Points (HP) coincided with the licensing milestones. The regulatory surveillance plan (RSP) enabled CNCAN to effectively control step by step the commissioning process to verify that the plant, as built, meets the design safety requirements. a) Regulatory Witness and Hold Points for Phase A of the Commissioning The inspection programme established by CNCAN for Phase A of the Commissioning Process represented a continuation of the regulatory surveillance programme started in 2006 and was aimed at the following objectives: to perform an independent assessment of the adequacy of plant design and of the operability of plant systems in the pre-operational phase; to evaluate the fulfilment of the nuclear safety requirements for the fuel load licensing milestone; to verify plant systems compliance with the safety and performance requirements, before the reactor power is raised; To achieve the above mentioned regulatory objectives, CNCAN has established a number of 110 Witness Points, for the testing of the safety related systems listed in Table 1.2, the performance of which has been verified on a priority basis by CNCAN inspectors. Table 1.2 List of systems covered by the Regulatory Surveillance Plan for Phase A of the Commissioning of Unit 2 of Cernavoda NPP Item System Title 1 Reactor building lock 2 Moderator System 3 Primary Circuit 4 Pressure and Inventory Control 5 Primary Circuit Inventory Control 6 Primary Circuit Purification 7 Shutdown Cooling 8 End Shield Cooling 9 Dousing 10 Emergency Core Cooling 11 Spent Fuel Cooling 12 Emergency Cooling Water 13 Zone Control 14 Annulus Gas 15 Fuelling 16 Spent Fuel transfer and Storage 17 Emergency Steam Discharge 18 Condensate 19 Feedwater

31 Item System Title 20 Turbine By-pass 21 Stand-by Diesels 22 Emergency Diesels 23 Class IV power supply 24 Class III power supply 25 Electrical station 26 Class III distribution 27 Class I 28 Steam Generators control 29 Liquid effluents monitoring 30 Shutdown System no Shutdown System no Containment System 33 Raw Cooling Water 34 Recirculated Cooling Water 35 Primary Cooling Water 36 Containment cooling 37 Containment ventilation 38 Containment isolation 39 Service building ventilation 40 Air conditioning control 41 Diesel Building ventilation 42 Auxiliary building ventilation 43 Instrumental Air Fig Distribution of regulatory Witness and Hold Points for Phase A of the Commissioning of Unit 2 of Cernavoda NPP b) Regulatory Witness and Hold Points of Commissioning Phase B The regulatory surveillance programme for Phase B of the commissioning process (initial criticality and low power testing) has been aimed at verifying compliance with the following safety objectives:

32 To confirm reactor core and reactivity mechanisms configuration as per design; To confirm the effectiveness of both shutdown systems; To confirm the neutronic instrumentation performance; To confirm reactivity coefficients applicable to the reactor at low power; To validate reactor core model; To demonstrate the adequacy of the Reactor Regulating System. Examples of phase B tests witnessed by CNCAN staff are provided below: SDS#1 and SDS#2 trip tests; Power manoeuvres to verify RRS response; Reactivity calibration of Liquid Zone control System; Transfer of RRS control from DCCX to DCCY and back; Manual step-back test; Reactivity calibration of Adjuster Absorbers, mechanical control absorbers, shut off rods and moderator poison addition system; SDS#1 and SDS#2 Ion Chamber shutter speed; Confirm response to loss of RRS at low power. c) Regulatory Witness and Hold Points of Commissioning Phase C The regulatory surveillance programme for Phase C of the commissioning process has been aimed at the following objectives: To commission feed water, turbine, main generator and auxiliaries; To confirm that under both steady state and upset conditions, reactor and balance of plant parameters behave as per design; To demonstrate that plant can be safely operated at any power level up to full power under expected normal and abnormal operating conditions Examples of phase C tests witnessed by CNCAN staff are provided as follows: Transport System parameters at various power levels; Complete HTS LRV Hot Stroke Timing Tests; Functional Test of DCC restart and transfer of control at 2% FP; Complete thermosyphoning test on Main Heat Transport System; Dual Computer Failure Test at 15%FP; Monitor Solid Control Absorber System response to the dual DCC failure; Monitor system response to dual DCC failure; Load Rejection Test at various power levels; Loss of class IV test; SDS#1 and SDS#2 trip tests

33 Fig SNN, MT and CNCAN experts at the first connection of Unit 2 to the grid Number of Hold Points HP Phase A HP Phase B HP Phase C Number of Witness Points WP Phase A WP Phase B WP Phase C Fig Distribution of regulatory Witness Points and Hold Points for phases A, B and C of the commissioning of Unit

34 Trial Operation Licence for Cernavoda NPP Unit 2 The safety documentation reviewed by CNCAN staff for each milestone of the commissioning process can be assigned to the following broad categories: records certifying the conformance to the commissioning safety objectives; plant operating procedures; safety analyses; proposed changes to plant hardware and procedures; emergency preparedness plan; managerial and administrative controls to be used to ensure the safe operation of the facility. PI 10% PP1 5% PP2 5% PP3 5% PP4 (FP) 5% AD 3% MD 10% CR 27% RBLRT 5% HD 5% LF 20% Fig Distribution of the safety documentation evaluated by CNCAN staff for each of the main licensing milestones of the commissioning of Cernavodă NPP Unit 2 After successful completion of the commissioning activities, in October 2007, CNCAN has issued the Trial Operation Licence, having as safety support documentation the update of the Final Safety Analysis Report and a wide range of other procedural and programmatic documents, such as: Nuclear Safety Policy; Plant operating procedures; Probabilistic safety assessments programme; Unplanned events assessment programme; Systems surveillance programme; Radiation safety programme; Radioactive waste management programme; Effluent monitoring programme; ALARA programme; Emergency preparedness and response programme ; Fire protection programme; Fig Trial operation licence for Cernavoda NPP Unit

35 Training programme for the operating personnel; Design modification control programme; Periodic inspection programme; Maintenance programmes; Housekeeping programme Assessment of operational events The current process for reporting the abnormal conditions within CNE Cernavoda ensures that for any abnormal occurrence a report is issued immediately when the condition occurs or when it is acknowledged. Thus the report for the abnormal event will be issued immediately after stabilising the situation and having the plant in a stable and safe state. The licences issued by CNCAN require reporting of abnormal conditions/ events according to the station procedure Events Reportable to CNCAN, which establishes the criteria and the method for reporting of events to the regulatory authority. Apart from the event assessments, the reports submitted to CNCAN by the licensee have included the daily reports (shift logs), Quarterly Technical Reports (QTRs), reports on the activities performed during planned outages, etc. A number of 22 events have been notified to CNCAN during Out of these, there were 14 that required an Analysis Event Report (7 for Unit 1 and 7 for Unit 2 since start of commercial operation). The rating on INES scale is presented in Table 1.3. Table 1.3 INES rating of the reportable events occurred at Cernavoda NPP during 2007 INES Level No. of reportable events Out of scale 7 Level 0 8 Level Level 2 Level 1 Level 0 Out of Scale Fig INES rating of the reportable events occurred at Cernavoda NPP during 2007 The distribution of events into categories, as resulting from the root cause analyses, is

36 presented in Table 1.4. Table 1.4 Root causes of the reportable events occurred at Cernavoda NPP during 2007 Equipment failures 62.5% Procedures 25.0% Human errors 12.5% The communication of events that do not classify as reportable events but which are of regulatory interest is done based on a protocol agreed by CNCAN and the licensee Use of operating experience feedback CNCAN is member of the International Reporting System (IRS), contributing to international experience exchange by reporting generic events or issues of interest for the nuclear community. All events reported to CNCAN by the Cernavoda NPP are independently assessed by CNCAN from two points of view: INES rating and analysis using a recognised methodology (ASSET, HPES) for direct and root causes determination as well as appropriateness of the corrective actions established by the licence holder. The applicability of corrective actions resulted from nuclear events reported through IRS is also assessed, their implementation in Cernavoda NPP being surveyed by means of regulatory topical inspections

37 1.4.2 TRIGA research reactor In 2007 CNCAN continued the implementation of its strategy for licensing and control, taking into account the extension of operation licence for TRIGA research reactor belonging to SCN Pitesti. Fig.1.26 TRIGA research reactor In conformity with the surveillance program for 2007, the most important aspects of nuclear safety considered were: The verification of compliance with technical limits and conditions for operation: circuits which were subject to rehabilitation, reviews of the final safety report (RFS), fulfilment of technical limits and conditions for operation, surveillance of the reactor circuits modernization presses. In field verification of systems and installations state; Requiring and assessment of documentation relevant for the inspections; Interviews with the personnel directly implicated in operation; In September 2007 a new operation licence was emitted for TRIGA research reactor belonging to SCN Pitesti. Preliminarily, with this scoop, CNCAN inspected TRIGA reactor. The inspection verified the compliance with specific conditions and requirements for the development of operation activities:

38 The classification in nuclear safety classes of the structures, systems and components, TRIGA reactor primary and secondary circuit, ventilation system and Dosimetry system modernization activities states; SCN Pitesti Inspection Plan implementation state for 2007; The reportable events procedure application mode by SCN Pitesti; Verification of personnel training and authorization. In conformity with the provisions of the low, after the inspections, there were elaborated 3 Control Protocols, with 22 dispositions. At the date of this report 15 dispositions have been closed, by correcting the existing deficiencies and reporting to CNCAN the results, the remaining 7 dispositions are to be closed at there terms, in conformity with the Control Protocol and the finalization of the works. After CNCAN received the Safety documentation of TRIGA SSR 14 MW regarding its conversion from HEU to LEU Reactor power 2 MW, which demonstrates the comparable behaviour of the LEU fuel element with the HEU Fig TRIGA research reactor operation licence fuel element, from the burning degree point of view and the Program concerning the neutron and thermal behaviour of the completely converted reactor core characterization at 5 MWt and 10 MWt power levels for TRIGA SSR 14 MWt, SCN Pitesti asked for the approval to operate the reactor at 5 MWt and 10 MWt power levels in order to: The neutron calculations and the experimental measurements regarding the reactor operation on these power levels; The flux experimental measurements and there behaviour with the calculated values; Temperature measurements in the hottest points of the reactor core in order to determine the location for the fuel temperature monitoring equipments; Characterization of the irradiation areas for the irradiation dispositive; Determination of the reactivity excess for the rector operating poisoned and anpoizoned at 5 MWt and 10 MWt power levels. After analyzing the nuclear safety documentation regarding the operation of TRIGA reactor during , CNCAN approved the power increase to 10 MWt demanded for TRIGA SSR reactor for the development of the programmed tests until the implementation of the modifications of the reactors control-command system inside the modermization program. The approval was conditioned by the delivery to CNCAN of some additional technical documents

39 In the present, TRIGA-SSR reactor is shutdown, being in a modernization program. The start up of TRIGA-SSR is conditioned by the delivery to CNCAN of the technical documents regarding the primary circuit modernization state and the results of preoperational tests and cooled operation verifications for the installed equipments. Fig.1.28 CNCAN inspection at the control-comand system of TRIGA research reactor belonging to SCN Pitesti Fig.1.29 CNCAN inspection at the data collection logic verification for the TRIGA research reactor, belonging to SCN Pitesti After analyzing the nuclear safety documentation regarding the TRIGA-SSR systems modernization stage and the inspections conducted by DRN for verifying the

40 modernization stages, CNCAN establish witness points for the commissioning of the primary cooling system and for the control-command system of TRIGA-SSR reactor, these systems being finalized or in final stages of development, based on the Feasibility Study regarding The modernization of TRIGA reactor belonging to SCN- Pitesti approved through Economy and Comets Ministry Order no. 520/ , the nuclear field specific requirements regarding the designee, construction and commissioning of the installations and equipments related to nuclear safety and personnel radiation exposure, established trough the Low 111/1996 and CNCAN s norms, as well as on the execution documentation for each system. In December 2007 DRN conducted an inspection at C6 Nuclear Unit in order to extend its holding and utilization of radiation sources licence. The inspection verified the compliance with specific conditions and requirements for the development of holding and utilization of nuclear radiation sources activities: C6 Unit technical state; Personnel training; The state of fulfilment of CNCAN dispositions from the Control protocols; The existence of other specific authorizations and notices, in conformity with the low VVR-S research reactor The nuclear safety control activities at VVR-S reactor were conducted in conformity with the general inspection program for the research nuclear facilities. They were aiming to: Evaluate the nuclear safety documentation; In field verification of systems and installations; Require and analyze the documents representative for the inspections; Interviews with the personnel directly involved in specific activities; The existence of authorizations and notices from the legally implicated authorities; The level and parameters of the spent fuel bay and DCNU; The state of the fuel rods, in the perspective of there repatriation; The organizational structure and the compliance with legal requirements regarding the right to take responsibilities related to radioprotection and nuclear safety. In March 2007 the conservation for decommissioning licence for VVR-S research reactor was emitted. Within this scoop DRN conducted, together with DCC and DRDR, an inspection in order to verify the fulfilment of specific conditions and requirements for development of conservation for decommissioning activities: House chipping activities; Radiological characterization; Nuclear wastes transfer to DIDR; The personnel implicated in conservation for decommissioning training; Document storage; Verification of Metrologic mark of the instrumentation; Verification of the completeness of working permits;

41 Verification of the preparation an execution of the emergency exercises; Verification of the radiological emergency intervention plan; The decommissioning plan development state; Reporting of events to CNCAN; The DCNU RFS review state; In conformity with the provisions of the low, after the inspections regarding the way of completing the activities and verification of the activities programmed in 2007 for the conservation for decommissioning of VVR-S research reactor, a Control Protocol with 19 dispositions was elaborated. At the date of this report 14 dispositions were closed by correcting the existing deficiencies and reporting the results to CNCAN, the remaining 5 dispositions are to be closed at there terms, after finishing the works. In conformity with 2007 inspection plan, approved by CNCAN, DRN conducted monitoring activities and inspections for VVR-S reactor, with the following themes: Monitoring of the structures, systems, equipments and components (SSEC) of the IFIN-HH Magurele nuclear installations; Verification of the compliance with conservation conditions for VVR-S research reactor; Systematic verification of the results and development mode of the monitoring process for the level and parameters of the water in the Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage (DCNU)

42 1.4.4 Repatriation of the spent nuclear fuel The Russian Research Reactor Fuel Repatriation (RRRFR) Project is part of the Global Threat Reduction Initiative, started by the United States of America, the Russian Federation and IAEA. This project takes place simultaneously in 17 countries and has the objective to ship the highly enriched spent nuclear fuel of Soviet/Russian origin to the Russian Federation. As the main contractor of US Department of Energy (DOE) for the Romanian RRRFR Project, CNCAN achieved in 2007 several progresses in the specific activities of preparation of the technical and legal framework required to allow the reaching of the project goals, at both national and international levels. The seminar on International Legal Framework applicable for shipment of Russian- Origin Research Reactors Spent Fuel to the Russian Federation, organized by CNCAN, IAEA and the European Commission (EC) at Poiana Brasov, April 2007, had an important and necessary positive effect on the project worldwide. 43 representatives of IAEA, EC, DOE (main sponsor), the Russian Federation (Rosatom and R&D Sosny Company) and involved countries: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Ukraine took part in this seminar. The discussion focused on the worldwide applicable legal framework (conventions, treaties, regulations), the European legal framework applicable to the European Union member states and relevant for other non-member states (treaties, directives, procedures), and country-specific and Russian legal framework (laws, norms, regulations). On this occasion, CNCAN team presented the status of the Romanian RRRFR project and had bilateral and multilateral meetings with the decision factors of US, the Russian Federation, IAEA and EC. Another important event was the technical meeting between CNCAN and the EC for clarifying the specific aspects of the Romanian RRRFR project, which took place on 15 th November 2007 in Luxembourg. This meeting was held at CNCAN s request with the participation of the Permanent Mission of Romania at European Union, Directorate Fig Poster of the Seminar in Poiana Braşov, April 2007 Romanian Government Prime Minister Office National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN) RRRFR Program for Romania Madalina BUDU Safety Analyst RRRFR Program Manger Assistant - Status - Dr. Lucian BIRO Director, Nuclear Reactor Division RRRFR Program Manger for Romania International Legal Framework applicable to the Return of Russian origin Research Reactor Spent Fuel to the Russian Federation April 2007 Poiana Brasov, Romania Bogdan MOISII Nuclear Law Adviser RRRFR Program Manger Assistant Fig CNCAN presentation for the Seminar in Poiana Braşov, April 2007 General for Transport and Energy and the Euratom Supply Agency of the European Commission. The objective of the meeting was to discuss the European Commission requirements on the repatriation of the highly enriched spent nuclear fuel from the VVR-S research reactor, Magurele, to the Russian Federation

43 Fig DOE, EC and IAEA representatives at the seminar held at Poiana Braşov, in April 2007 Fig Participants to the seminar held at Poiana Braşov, in April

44 Fig Common meeting between representatives of DGTrEn, ESA, Permanent Mission of Romania and CNCAN, Luxembourg, November 2007 Other technical meetings on the Romanian RRRFR project took place in 2007 as follows: RRRFR Technical Meeting, Tasks 2, 3, 6 / , Bucharest. Participants: CNCAN, IFIN-HH, SITON; Romania RRRFR Project Planning Meeting / , Bucharest and Magurele. Participants: DOE, CNCAN, IFIN-HH, R&D Sosny Company, Titan Echipamente Nucleare (TEN); CNCAN took part as observer at the Bulgaria RRRFR Project Status Meeting / , Sofia. Participants: DOE, Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE), CNCAN; Romanian Institutions Meeting from , Bucharest. Participants: CNCAN, Nuclear Agency (AN), National Agency for Radioactive Waste (ANDRAD), Romatom, IFIN-HH; Romanian Institutions Meeting from , Bucharest. Participants: CNCAN, National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), AN, ANDRAD, IFIN-HH; Romania and Bulgaria RRRFR Project Planning Meeting / , Idaho Falls, USA. Participants: DOE, INRNE, CNCAN, Rosatom, R&D Sosny Company,

45 Federal Centre of Nuclear and Radiation Safety (FCNRS) of Federal State Unitary Enterprise, Techsnabexport (TENEX), Production Association MAYAK; Romania RRRFR Project Planning Meeting / , Bucharest, Magurele and Pitesti. Participants: DOE, CNCAN, IFIN-HH, SCN Pitesti; Romanian Institutions Meeting from , Bucharest. Participants: Prime Minister Chancellery, CNCAN, ANCS, AN, ANDRAD, IFIN-HH, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Romania and Bulgaria RRRFR Project Planning Meeting / , Bansko, Bulgaria. Participants: DOE, INRNE, CNCAN, Rosatom, R&D Sosny Company, FCNRS of Federal State Unitary Enterprise, Production Association MAYAK, Isotope (Ukraine), Kozloduy NPP. Fig DOE, Rosatom, Sosny and CNCAN representatives to a project coordination meeting, Poiana Braşov, April 2007 The implementation of the site modifications required at IFIN-HH and the negotiations for determining the interface equipment necessary for the safe deployment of the spent nuclear fuel loading in transport containers also concluded in The design of the interface equipment started in December. The year 2007 had a decisive role for the Romanian RRRFR project in establishing the mode of transport of the spent nuclear fuel. Following the analysis of the alternatives, DOE approved the start of the work on the achievement of the transport from Romania to the Russian Federation by air. In this context, in October 2007, R&D Sosny Company started the design of a special freight container with the characteristics of an ISO container and that will allow the safe air shipment of the TUK-19 casks loaded with spent nuclear

46 Fig Representatives of DOE, CNCAN and Sosny Company participating to a technical visit to IFIN-HH for finalising the negciations, February 2007 At the same time, during 2007, the planning of all remaining activities for the shipment to take place in conformity with the national and international legislation was made. At the end of 2007, the Romanian RRRFR project was restructured in 13 Tasks, whose status is presented below. 3 Tasks are complete: 1. Develop a Transport Plan; 2. Spent Fuel Inspection and 3. Facility Modifications. 3 Tasks are in progress: 6. Cask Loading Preparations; 10A. Design and Certify Freight Containers for TUK-19 air shipment; 9. Project Management. 3 Tasks are in final planning stage: 4. Unified Project; 10B. Certify TUK-19 Casks for Air Shipment from Romania; 5. Romania Cask and Transport Approvals

47 4 Tasks are in planning stage, according with the project requirements: 10C. Fabricate and Deliver Containers for TUK-19 Air Shipment; 7. Cask Loading; 8. Transport through Romania; 11. Sign FTC and Transport in Russia. In 2007, CNCAN elaborated the Agreement between the Government of Romania, the Government of the Russian Federation and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on the collaboration in the field of the repatriation by Romania to the Russian Federation of the spent nuclear fuel arisen from the VVR-S research reactor located at Magurele, with the transit of the territory of Ukraine. After the Romanian authorities approval process was finalized, the Agreement was submitted via official channels to Ukraine and the Russian Federation, and then, for preliminary remarks, to the European Commission. Also in 2007, CNCAN elaborated the text of the bilateral Agreement between the Government of Romania and the Government of the Russian Federation concerning cooperation for the transfer of research reactor irradiated nuclear fuel from Romania to the Russian Federation. The Romanian authorities approval process of the Memorandum for starting the negotiations and signing this Agreement started in November This Agreement has the purpose to allow the import of the fuel from Romania according with the Russian legislation (Decree 418/11/ ) and is necessary regardless of the adopted transport mode. Following the Romania and Bulgaria RRRFR Project Planning Meeting, , Idaho Falls and the discussions with the Russian party on the repatriation matter, the Russian party noted that a general governmental umbrella agreement on the peaceful use of atomic energy is also required. This agreement should contain general provisions for the transport of nuclear and radioactive materials and is necessary as a basis for the other repatriation agreements. CNCAN elaborated in this respect the text of the Amendment for the Agreement between the Government of Romania and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics regarding the development of the collaboration in the peaceful use of atomic energy. Because of the general international cooperation framework created by this Agreement and of its purpose to consolidate the international partnership on the mean of agreements and treaties, according with the Governmental Decree 7/2003, this Agreement was took over by the Nuclear Agency

48 1.4.5 Licensing of operating personnel for nuclear installations During 2007, the Compartment for Licensing of Operating Personnel, within the Division of Nuclear Reactors, has performed a wide range of inspections and assessment activities directed at evaluating licensee s processed for selection, recruitment, training and in-house examination of the operating staff with jobs important to safety, both for Cernavoda NPP and the research reactors. The main progresses registered in 2007, which contribute to enhancing the effectiveness, transparency and objectiveness of the regulatory activities for licensing of operating personnel can be summarized as following: revision and supplementing of the internal regulations for ensuring complete procedural framework for the licensing process for operating personnel, management staff and training instructors; establishment of criteria and performance indicators in line with the international standards, to improve the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the selection, recruitment and training processes for personnel subject to licensing by CNCAN, as well as for monitoring the implementation of the in-house training programmes and of modern methods for in-house evaluations; updating of the methodology for specific evaluations, as well as of the related inspection practices, in order to provide coverage of various aspects related to the implementation of human performance enhancement programme and to ensure better focus on the use of the operating experience in the development of the training processes. The assessment activities performed by CNCAN experts during 2007 have focused on: the procedural framework for the selection, recruitment and training of the operating personnel of the the NPP and the research reactors, the updating and modernisation of these procedures, and their actual implementation; the compliance of the training and evaluation programmes and methodologies with the regulatory requirements and criteria, especially as regards the content of these programmes and their revision process; the management of human resources, as well as the knowledge management, for improving human performance and increasing effectiveness of the training programmes; the conformance of the training programmes with the principle of Systematic Approach to Training, including the implementation of good practices and lessons learned derived from the operational experience feedback

49 The main inspection activities performed by the Compartment for Licensing of Operating Personnel, comprising of both scheduled and unscheduled inspections, as well as periodical meetings with licensee s training managers have been aimed at monitoring of the implementation of the training programmes, of the modern methods and techniques for training and learning. In order to assess the adherence to procedures specific to the training processes, CNCAN experts have reviewed a wide range of internal records, questionnaires and course materials, discussing them with the plant managers responsible for the personnel training. The internal process of examination of the operating personnel and of the management personnel in view of authorisation has been thoroughly monitored, with a focus on the following: the establishment of the examination syllabus in accordance with prescribed criteria; organisation of the examination and the methodologies employed; the establishment of acceptance criteria and performance indicators relevant for allowing a candidate to pass to the next stages of the authorisation / licensing process. (%) IFIN-HH DCNU CNE SCN Triga CPSCDN Fig Weight of the activities for personnel authorisation in 2007 During 2007, CNCAN has organised the following licensing and licence renewal examination sessions: 8 theoretical examination sessions, held at Cernavoda NPP, for: initial licensing of 9 candidates for the the Main Control Room (MCR) Operator position for Units 1 and 2 and of 1 candidate for the the position of Shift Supervisor for Unit 2; licence renewal for 2 MCR Operators and 4 Shift Supervisors; modification of the practice permit in order to allow for the transfer of 1 MCR Operator from Unit 1 to Unit 2, in accordance with the regulations

50 in force. 5 practical examination sessions for: initial licensing of 3 candidates for the position of Shift Supervisor for Units 1 and 2; licence renewal for 5 MCR Operators and 2 Shift Supervisors. 3 interviews for the licensing of personnel acceding to management positions in the organisational structure of Unit 1, in accordance with the provisions of the regulations in force; 13 interviews for the management personnel of Unit 1 whose attributions have been extended to cover operation of both units of Cernavoda NPP; 6 interviews held after the completion of the co-piloting stage of the training process, for 5 candidates for MCR Operator positions and for 1 candidate for the position of Shift Supervisor Number of Personnel Theoretical Exam. Practical Exam. Managers Cernavoda SCN Pitesti IFIN-HH Fig Examination sessions organised in 2007 CNCAN has issued 30 practice permits, out of which 16 for management personnel and 14 for the operating personnel for Units 1 and 2 of Cernavoda NPP. During 2007 there have been no examination sessions for the personnel of the research reactors. The VVR-S reactor of IFIN-HH is in conservation prior to decommissioning, while the TRIGA Reactor of SCN Pitesti has been undergoing refurbishment. A few examples of documents specific for the training programmes for the personnel with jobs important to safety, evaluated by CNCAN staff during 2007, are provided below: Revision of the training programme for the authorisation of operating personnel of Unit 1 of Cernavoda NPP;

51 Fig CNCAN database on authorised personnel and the results of their examinations Revision of the training programme for the authorisation of operating personnel of Unit 2 of Cernavoda NPP, including the establishment and revision of the Δ (Delta) training programme, focused on the procedural changes due to design differences between Unit 2 and Unit 1; The 6 th revision of the training programme for the operating personnel of the TRIGA reactor, reflecting the modifications implemented following completion of the refurbishment project; Training records specific for the co-piloting period, made in accordance with the provisions of Cernavoda NPP internal procedures, for 8 candidates that have successfully completed this training stage in view of initial licensing for the positions of MCR Operator and Shift Supervisor, respectively, for both Unit 1 and 2 of Cernavoda NPP. Refreshment training programmes for the operating personnel of Cernavoda NPP. In order to better evaluate the progress in implementing human performance enhancement programmes and of the relevant training and evaluation programmes, CNCAN experts have undertaken the following activities: elaboration and review of regulatory procedures, as well as the review of the licensees training procedures, as to ensure that all the necessary modifications and updates have been performed, as to reflect:

52 The commissioning of Unit 2 of Cernavoda NPP and the changes of the organisational structure of the organisation currently in charge of operating both units; Refurbishment of the TRIGA reactor; The ongoing activities for preparation of the decommissioning of the VVR-S reactor. topical inspection, both scheduled and unscheduled, for assessing the actual implementation of the training and in-house examination processes for the operating personnel, for both Cernavoda NPP and the research reactors; monitoring of the implementation of the continuous training programmes for Cernavoda NPP operating personnel and of the training programme specific for the co-piloting stage; inspection aimed at witnessing the in-house examination process, with focus on the application of success criteria, for the personnel responsible with the safe decommissioning of the VVR-S reactor of IFIN-HH; verification of the records specific for the training activities and in-house evaluations and examinations for the personnel having completed the training programme; verification of compliance with the internal procedures of Cernavoda NPP for the medical and psychological testing of the personnel by the licensed companies. Table 1.5 gives the statistics of the regulatory inspections performed in 2007 for evaluating the selection, recruitment and training processes for the operating personnel of the nuclear installations. Table 1.5 Statistics of CNCAN inspections performed in 2007, in personnel training field 1. Cernavodă NPP 2. SCN Piteşti 3. IFIN-HH Department for Personnel Training and Autjhorisation DPAP Human Resources Unit TRIGA Reactor Department for Training - TRIGA VVR-S Reactor DCNU CPSCDN 7 inspections 2 inspections 2 inspections 3 inspections 2 inspections 1 inspections 5 inspections

53 (%) IFIN-HH DCNU CNE SCN Triga CPSCDN Fig Distribution of Personnel Authorisation inspections by nuclear installation, in 2007 Fig Aspects from the practical examination on the full scope simulator

54 1.5 Annual Meeting of the Senior Regulators of Countries Operating CANDU Reactors The Annual Meeting of the Senior Regulators of Countries Operating CANDU Reactors (CSR - CANDU Senior Regulators) has taken place in Ottawa, Canada. CNCAN has participated with a delegation lead by its president. The meeting has gathered experts from Argentina, Canada, China, Pakistan, România as well as IAEA representatives. The agenda of the meeting has included important subjects regarding the strengthening of nuclear safety for CANDU reactors, experience in regulation, licensing and inspection, operating experience of CANDU units, reportable events, etc. CNCAN delegates have presented an annual report covering the period since the previous CSR meeting, the experience with the licensing and inspection of Cernavoda NPP Units 1 and 2, the perspectives of the project to complete the deferred Units 3 and 4, the progress with the implementation of the action plan for modernising the regulatory framework, etc. The main areas of discussion during the meeting can be summarized as follows: Fig Romania s Annual Report at CANDU Senior Regulators meeting Experience sharing regarding CANDU specific issues relevant for the development and enforcement of regulations aligned to the international safety standards; Information sharing on the operating experience and safety records of nuclear programmes that include CANDU reactors; Identification and assessment of the generic safety issues for CANDU reactors; Dissemination of good practices, improvement areas and planned actions to enhance safety, relevant for CANDU reactors, making use also of the national reports under the Convention on Nuclear Safety. The more specific subjects, addressed in detail, during the CSR meeting include the following: Presentaion of the National Annual Reports for CSR, focusing on the developments since the previous CSR meeting, operating experience feedback, significant operational events, etc.;

55 Measures taken to enhance the effectiveness of the regulatory processes; Approach to the development and use of Probabilistic Safety Assessments (PSA) for risk informing the regulatory decision-making process; Experience in the application of the IAEA Safety Standards to CANDU NPPs; Regulatory issues linked to the assessment and licensing of new reactors; Regulatory experience with regard to the oversight of construction and commissioning activities for CANU NPPs; The impact of the research and development activities relevant for nuclear safety initiated by the regulatory authorities; New regulatory requirements for the design and construction coming into force in the countries operating CANDU NPPs; Regulatory issues with regard to the assessment and approval of life extension application; New developments in the area of accident analyses; Regulatory approaches and methodologies for independent verification of licensees compliance with the licensing conditions; The safety impact of low level of the water sources (rivers, ponds, etc.) necessary for ensuring adequate cooling to plant systems; Interactions and cooperation between nuclear safety authorities and other regulatory authorities; Technical visit to Darlington NPP and to the simulator for training of the main control room operators; Competence of the licensees personnel with jobs important to safety (operators, shift supervisors, management personnel) and the utilisation of the simulators; Inspections and enforcement measures; Periodic Safety Reviews and the licence renewal process; Regulatory and licensee s perspectives with regard to the ageing management programmes; Maintenance of design basis knowledge and management of plant configuration, particularly in the case of major refurbishment projects; Operation within the Safe Operating Envelope (SOE); In-service inspection practices and the acceptance criteria for plant components;

56 Design changes to plants of CANDU 6 design; Regulatory oversight of planned outages; Safety culture; Regulatory Issues with regard to the licensing of operating personnel for NPPs. 1.6 Training of CNCAN staff in the area of nuclear safety The training events relevant for nuclear safety in which the regulatory staff has participated during 2007 include: Workshop on Safety Analyses and Technical Support Needed for Power Uprates; Regional Worksop on the utilization of safety margins for improved NPP operational flexibility; Several workshops dedicated to the training of regulatory staff involved in the oversight of the commissioning of NPPs; Workshop on Effective Management of the Organisation Changes for Nuclear Installations; Workshop regarding nuclear safety issues specific to CANDU NPPs; Training course on Risk-Informed Methods in support of the Regulatory Decision Making Process ; Regional Workshop on Qualification of NPP mechanical, electrical and instrumentation and control (I&C) components and equipment in harsh environment; Training course on radiation safety for lawyers; Workshop on the licensing of new reactors; Workshop on the event and precursor analyses; Workshop on Optimisation of Maintenance, Inspection and Testing with Insights of Risk, Reliability and Performance PHARE Assistance In 2007 CNCAN beneficiated from the following PHARE projects: Technical assistance to the Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority to deal with important aspects of the future commissioning activities, PHARE Project no

57 Support for regulatory authority staff to improve its capabilities with the view of probabilistic safety assessment, PHARE Project no. 2005/ One of the objectives of the project Technical assistance to the Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority to deal with important aspects of the future commissioning activities, implemented between February and November 2007, was the transfer to CNCAN personnel of the accumulated knowledge and of lessons learned from the activities of commissioning from experts of regulating authorities or of technical support companies like: Association Vincotte Nucleaire (AVN) Belgium; Gesellschaft für Anlagen und Reaktorsicherheit mbh (GRS) Germany, Independent Technical Evaluation and Review (ITER) Italia, Nuclear Research and consultancy Group (NRG) Holland, Institut de Radioprotection et Surete Nucleaire (IRSN) France. Within the project, the following took place: A one-week seminar, between 7 th - 11 th of May 2007, having as an objective the discussion of the requirements of the Regulatory Authority for the commissioning, was held for the purpose of elaborating a draft version of the Norms on the commissioning of NPPs. Within the seminar, the following were discussed: o Objectives of the commissioning process and their relation to the Final Safety Analysis Report; o Program and stages of the commissioning; o Organisational aspects in commissioning; o Completion and adequacy of the commissioning tests; o Surveillance program of the Regulating Authority; o Permits and licenses in commissioning. A one-week training course, between 21 st 25 th of May 2007, consisting of: o Lectures on: Objectives of the commissioning of a nuclear power plant, Authorisation in commissioning, Inspections performed by the Regulatory Authority, Witness and hold points in commissioning, Management of non-conformities, Organisation of the personnel for the optimisation of activities. o Practical lessons, consisting of relevant documentation review (objectives, completness and results of the commissioning tests, acceptance criteria of the tests results) for the Liquid Zone Control System for Cernavoda NPP Unit

58 A one-week training course, between 11 th 15 th June 2007, consisting of: o Lectures on: Fig Opening session of the PHARE project organisation and attribution of responsibilities during commissioning, quality management in commissioning, internal and external audits, station configuration control, work control and verification, records and reporting requests, auditing of the licence owner s organisation by the Regulatory Authority. o On-the-job-training, consisting of inspections on the themes above. Implementation of the project Support for regulatory authority staff to improve its capabilities with the view of probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) started in August 2007, at the present time being carried out. Objectives of the project are the development of regulating requirements and internal procedures for the review of PSA studies performed by Cernavoda NPP and training of the DRN staff for the review of these studies

59 Fig Practical aspects from the PSA general training course Between November 2007 and January 2008, the following took place within the project: A one-week general training course between 19 th 23 rd November 2007, having as a theme the PSA review methodology by the Regulatory Authority staff, covering all elements of PSA: o Initiating events, o Accident sequences and success criteria, o System and success criteria analysis, o Human error analysis, o Common cause failures, o Data analysis, o PSA for internal fire and floods, o External initiating events (seism), o PSA for low power and shutdown, o Requirements on quality assurance on the PSA development and documentation. A 4 days technical meeting between 26 th and 29 th November 2007, for the presentation of the Procedure on PSA review, elaborated within the project by the consultant, which describes the steps to be followed by the DRN staff for the review of PSA studies performed by Cernavoda NPP. A 4 days training course between 9 th 14 th January 2008, for the use of Risk Spectrum, a specialised program for the development of probabilistic safety assessment, which is intended to be used by the DRN staff for the independent review of the PSA studies performed by Cernavoda NPP. In June 2007, the three-weeks training session took place for improvement of the professional performances of the DRN staff in mechanical and structural analyses, using the ANSYS computer code

60 1.6.2 IAEA Assistance Accident Management Program Between 12 th and 16 th February 2007, CNCAN hosted the first national seminar within the IAEA Expert Mission on Preparatory Review of Accident Management Programme (RAMP). At the seminar participated experts from IAEA, USA, Canada and Korea, as well as experts from CNCAN, Cernavoda NPP, Siton, ICN Pitesti and the Polytechnic University of Bucharest. Fig Participants to the RAMP mission of the IAEA IAEA RAMP missions intend to assist Member States for performing an objective evaluation of the status of the implementation of different stages of the accident management program, making use of international experience and practices. Due to the fact that Cernavoda NPP has started a process of extension of the accident management program in order to include procedures/guides for the management of severe accidents, beyond design basis, the first stage of the RAMP mission had as the main objective the familiarisation of the Romanian experts with the best international practices and with the latest progresses in this field. The following stages of the RAMP mission will have as a purpose evaluation of the progresses recorded in this field at national level, in what regards both nuclear safety regulations development and the implementation status by Cernavoda NPP of the national program of severe accidents management

61 Periodical Nuclear Safety Review Between 21 st 25 th may 2007, CNCAN has organized, in cooperation with the IAEA, the seminar on Regulatory Safety Review of PSR, within a technical cooperation regional project for the improvement of regulatory authority efficiency and advanced training on nuclear safety. At the seminar participated representatives of the regulatory authorities and of the technical support institutes from Armenia, Bulgaria, Russian Federation, Czech Republic, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine and Hungary, as well as lectors from IAEA, Canada, Korea and the Great Britain, with vast experience in the regulation and evaluation of various aspects related to periodical nuclear safety reviews. The seminar had as a purpose the exchange of regulatory experience in Periodical Nuclear Safety Review (PSR). PSR represents a process which involves a complex evaluation of all important aspects for the nuclear safety of the plant, taking into account effects of ageing of the structures, systems and components, the operating experience and the evolution of the standards and requirements in nuclear safety, with the purpose of demonstrating Fig Brochure of the CNCAN IAEA seminar on PSR that the plant can be operated in safe conditions at least until the development of the next periodical safety review (the period between two periodical safety reviews being of 10 years). The agenda included various presentations and working sessions, concentrated on a series of topics important for the regulatory authorities in the process of evaluation of PSR programs for nuclear power plants, such as: legal requirements for performing PSR; management of PSR evaluation project; communication between the regulatory authority and the operating organisation; necessities for training the regulatory authority personnel involved in the evaluation of various technical reports for PSR; global evaluation of PSR results; revision of FSAR following PSR; international standards and regulatory practices in PSR; management of the configuration and availability of data regarding the plant design basis; differences between the scope and technical content of the first PSR for a nuclear power plant and ulterior revisions, including the ones performed for justification of the plant lifetime extension; classification criteria of the PSR results according to the importance for the nuclear safety and prioritization of the corrective actions and of the

62 measures for improvement, etc. Fig Participants to the CNCAN IAEA seminar on PSR This seminar was extremely useful for the CNCAN staff, for the familiarization with the international experience and practices in the PSR field, with regard to the development of an optimal approach of the regulation and evaluation of PSR program for Cernavoda NPP. Fig Aspects from the opening session of the international CNCAN-IAEA seminar

63 1.6.3 Annual DRN training Fig Lectures of the CNCAN IAEA seminar on PSR The professional training of CNCAN staff in the area of nuclear safety for 2007 was performed on the basis of a training plan which took into account both the general requirements for training of the personnel within the direction and the specific training requirements, necessary for every employee for the adequate fulfilment of his/her working duties. With regard to this, in 2007 training of the personnel consisted of: General training sessions, implemented according to the frame plan of general professional training of the DRN staff, established on personnel categories in the direction. Sessions of specific training, implemented according to the frame plan for specific professional training of the DRN staff. Basic objectives were focused on gaining new knowledge or their thorough study in specific fields, according to the specificity of the jobs. With regard to this, this type of training can be performed through the participation of the staff in specialization courses organized by Canadian and Romanian experts in the training centre of Cernavoda NPP, as well as by adequate equipment of the direction with technical support for adequate individual study (manuals, various documentation, case studies, etc.), according to the necessities and existent experience in the field. CNCAN has followed the perfection/ thorough studying of knowledge in key areas such as thermal-hydraulic analyses, mechanical and structural analyses, probabilistic nuclear safety assessments, etc

64 Fig DRN team at the annual training in 2007 Intarirea CNCAN Vilmos ZSOMBORI Presedinte CNCAN DRN - Instructaj anual 2007 Curtea de Arges, august Directia Reactori Nucleari BILANT DRN PROFILURI COMUNICATIONALE - Reaizari si Perspective - «Una din fericirile prieteniei este de a sti cui sa ii impartasesti un secret.» Dr. Ing. Lucian BIRO (Alessandro Manzoni) Director Instructaj anual 2007 Team Building august 2007 Curtea de Arges, august 2007 Intocmit: A.Simion CONTRIBUTIA ENERGETICII NUCLEARE LA SIGURANTA ALIMENTARII CU ENERGIE ELECTRICA ENERGETICA NUCLEARACOMPONENTA A DEZVOLTARII DURABILE IN ROMANIA? UNIVERSITATEA DIN PITESTI Prof.univ.dr.ing. Serban VALECA Teodor CHIRICA, Director General Pitesti, CNCAN Directia Reactori Nucleari TEAM BUILDING INITIATIVE CURTEA DE ARGES, 25 August DIRECŢIA REACTORI NUCLEARI Cum va ară ară ta Lumea în 2020: Instructajul anual 2007 Sub deviza Team Building Initiative 1 4 Predicţ Predicţii pentru Viitor Fiş Fişe de Evaluare - Centralizarea Rezultatelor - S. Repanovici Casa Domnească - Curtea de Argeş, August 2007 Curtea de Arge ş 25 August Fig Lessons presented in the DRN annual training in

65 1.7 CNCAN participation in international events on nuclear safety In 2007 CNCAN representatives participated in a series of international events, organised by the IAEA, on nuclear safety. Among these, the following can be mentioned: Sessions of the IAEA Nuclear Safety Standards Committee (NUSSC); Technical Meeting on Global Cooperation for nuclear safety issues in NPPs and measures to be taken for their resolution, Bonn, Germany, ; IAEA IRRS Mission for Mexico, ; Sessions of the Work Group for the harmonisation of regulations for nuclear power reactors in WENRA countries; Technical Meeting of the national coordinators for the incidents reporting system in research reactors, Wien, IAEA Regional Technical on Nuclear safety analyses in support for plant modifications, Dubrovnik, Croatia, ; Scientific visit on the use of RELAP 5 computer code for the independent assessment oif nuclear safety analyses in the licensing process of CANDU nuclear power plants, Republic of Korea, Daejon, , 2007; Technical Meeting, organised by the IAEA, on Advanced methods for nuclear safety assessments for nuclear reactors, Republic of Korea, Daejon, ; Fig IAEA IRRS Mission team for Mexico,

66 Fig Session of the Work Group for the harmonisation of regulations for nuclear power reactors in WENRA countries Fig NUSSC Session The CNCAN participation in these international events was materialised by the presentation of the experience gained by Romania in the field of regulation, licensing, and control of the activities for Cernavoda NPP. At the same time, CNCAN involvement in various international expert missions organised by the IAEA on nuclear safety, was very much appreciated and allowed the extension of bilateral and multilateral cooperation with similar bodies in other countries. Figures 1.59, 1.60 and 1.61 show CNCAN presentations for the various national and international events in

67 Fig Technical Meeting of the national coordinators for the incidents reporting system in research reactors, Wien, Austria, Fig Technical Meeting on Advanced methods for nuclear safety assessments for nuclear reactors, Republic of Korea, Daejon,

68 Romanian Government Prime Minister Office National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control Regulatory Experience with Construction and Commissioning of Cernavoda NPP By Vilmos ZSOMBORI CNCAN President Lucian BIRO CNCAN Director, Nuclear Reactors Division PHARE Project No Technical assistance to the Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority to deal with important aspects of the future commissioning activities ROMANIA, Bucharest, CNCAN Headquarters February PHARE Project No Technical assistance to the Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority to deal with important aspects of the future commissioning activities Cernavoda NPP Unit 2 Commissioning Process & Current Status by Dr. Lucian Biro Director of Nuclear Reactors Division CNCAN Licensing Project Manager for Cernavoda NPP Cantemir Ciurea Head of Nuclear Safety Section Ioana Popa Nuclear Safety Analyst CNCAN Office, Bucharest, ROMANIA NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES CONTROL Romanian Regulatory Requirements on the Development of Severe Accident Analyses and Severe Accident Management Guidelines Dr. Lucian BIRO Director Madalina TRONEA Junior Expert Romanian Government Prime Minister Office National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN) RRRFR Program for Romania - Status - Dr. Lucian BIRO Director, Nuclear Reactor Division RRRFR Program Manger for Romania Madalina BUDU Bogdan MOISII Safety Analyst Nuclear Law Adviser RRRFR Program Manger Assistant RRRFR Program Manger Assistant Nuclear Reactors Division CNCAN Expert Mission on Preparatory Review of Accident Management Programme CNCAN, Bucharest, Feb International Legal Framework applicable to the Return of Russian origin Research Reactor Spent Fuel to the Russian Federation April 2007 Poiana Brasov, Romania ROMANIA National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN) CNCAN Requirements on PSR Dr. Ing. Lucian BIRO Director of Nuclear Reactors Division Ing. Madalina TRONEA Safety Analyst National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control Nuclear Safety Strategy - CNCAN Involvement - Vilmos ZSOMBORI CNCAN President Lucian BIRO Director - Nuclear Reactors Division IAEA-TC Regional Workshop on Regulatory Safety Review of PSR, Poiana Brasov, Romania, May, February 2007 Bucharest, ROMANIA ROMANIA National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control CNCAN Approach on CNPP Configuration Regulatory Control Dr. Lucian BIRO Director - Nuclear Reactors Division CNCAN Project Manager for Cernavoda NPP IAEA RER/9/082 TC Regional Workshop on Improvement of Design Basis and Configuration Management Documentation, Margin Assessment Strategies and Safety y Margins Calculations Paks NPP, Hungary 26 February - 2 March 2007 CNCAN Experiences on IAEA IRRT & IRRS Missions By Vilmos ZSOMBORI CNCAN President Lucian BIRO CNCAN Director, Nuclear Reactors Division French Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN) and IAEA workshop on Lessons Learned from the Integrated Regulatory Review Service (IRRS) Mission to France March 2007, Paris, France Fig CNCAN presentations for various national and international events in

69 ROMANIA National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control Romanian Nuclear Safety Authority Involvement in Cernavoda NPP Modifications Dr. Lucian BIRO Director - Nuclear Reactors Division IAEA TC Project RER/9/088 Regional Technical Meeting on Safety Analysis in Support of Plant Modification Dubrovnik, Croatia 7 11 May 2007 Actiuni CNCAN in domeniul securitatii nucleare -Prezent si viitor- Dr. Ing. Lucian BIRO Director, Directia Reactori Nucleari Fiz. Madalina TRONEA WENRA-RHWG Secretary, Directia Reactori Nucleari Ing. Madalina BUDU RRRFR Task Manager, Directia Reactori Nucleari NUCInfo Day-2007 Magurele-Ilfov, Bucuresti, ROMANIA 25 mai 2007 Change analysis concerning large project of 14 MW TRIGA Refurbishment National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control Nuclear Reactors Division Technical Cooperation in the Area of Nuclear Safety Lucian BIRO, Marin Ciocănescu National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN) ROMANIA Institute for Nuclear Research Piteşti,, ROMANIA Technical Meeting of the National Coordinators for IRSRR in Vienna, 28 May 01 June 2007 Dr. Ing. Lucian BIRO, Director Ing. Cantemir CIUREA-ERCAU, ERCAU, Head Ing.. Madalina TRONEA CNCAN Headquarters Bucharest, 25 June 2007 ROMANIA Water Chemistry Control and Corrosion Product Deposition in the PHT System of Cernavoda NPP ROMANIA National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN) Romanian Nuclear Safety Authority Activities By Dr. L. Biro (1, Dr. I. Parvan (2, Dr. C. Gheorghiu (2 Vilmos ZSOMBORI President (1 - National Commission for Nuclear Activity Control (CNCAN) (2 - Institute for Nuclear Research (SCN) Dr. Lucian BIRO Director - Nuclear Reactors Division Cantemir CIUREA Section Head - Nuclear Reactors Division Ioana POPA Safety Analyst - Nuclear Reactors Division RER/9/076 Expert Meeting on Crud Deposition on Fuel in WWER Reactors, Paks, Hungary, 3-4 July CNCAN DIMNP Co-operation Project, First Meeting, Pisa, July 16th 2007 Romanian Government Prime Minister Office National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN) RRRFR Project Status in Romania By Dr. Lucian BIRO Director, Nuclear Reactor Division RRRFR Program Manger for Romania Madalina BUDU P.Eng., Junior Safety Analyst RRRFR Program Manger Assistant RRRFR Project Status Meeting, Idaho National Laboratory, US July 23-27, 2007 Romanian Government Prime Minister Office National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN) Arrangements for Air Shipment from Magurele to Mayak Section 1: Magurele Site to Henry Coanda Airport Dr. Lucian BIRO Director, Nuclear Reactor Division RRRFR Program Manger for Romania Madalina BUDU Bogdan MOISII P.Eng.,., Junior Safety Analyst Nuclear Law Adviser RRRFR Program Manger Assistant RRRFR Program Manger Assistant RRRFR Project Status Meeting Idaho National Laboratory, US July 23-27, Fig CNCAN presentations for various national and international events in

70 Updates on CNCAN Nuclear Safety Related Activities By Dr. Lucian Biro Director of Nuclear Reactors Division P. Eng. Madalina Budu Junior Safety Analyst Meeting with JEPIC Representatives ROMANIA, Bucharest, CNCAN Headquarters 20 September 2007 ROMANIA National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN) Romanian Nuclear Safety Authority Activities Dr. Lucian BIRO Director - Nuclear Reactors Division Cantemir CIUREA Section Head - Nuclear Reactors Division Ioana POPA Madalina TRONEA Safety Analyst Junior Safety Analyst Nuclear Reactors Division Nuclear Reactors Division Workshop on the Safety of CANDU Reactors Netherlands, Petten, National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control of Romania (CNCAN) Nuclear Development Program and Regulatory System in Romania Lucian BIRO, Ph.D Director of Nuclear Reactors Division Cantemir CIUREA, P. Eng Section Head - Nuclear Safety Analyses Section Daejon, KINS Headquarters 26 October 2007 National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control of Romania (CNCAN) IRRT & IRRS Experiences of CNCAN National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control of Romania (CNCAN) Romanian Safety Authority Requirements on Advanced Safety Methods for Nuclear Reactors Lucian BIRO, Ph.D Director of Nuclear Reactors Division Cantemir CIUREA, P. Eng Section Head - Nuclear Safety Analyses Section Lcian BIRO, Ph.D Director of Nuclear Reactors Division Daejon, KINS Headquarters 26 October 2007 IAEA Topical Meeting on Advanced Safety Assessment Methods for Nuclear Reactors Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Daejon, Republic of Korea, 30 October 2 November 2007 National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control of Romania (CNCAN) Enhancing Regulatory Expertise in the Area of Nuclear Safety Dr. Lucian BIRO Director of Nuclear Reactors Division National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control of Romania (CNCAN) Status of RRRFR Project for Romania - Technical and Legal Framework - Dr. Lucian BIRO Director, Nuclear Reactor Division RRRFR Program Manager for Romania Madalina BUDU P.Eng.,., Safety Analyst RRRFR Assistant Program Manager Bogdan MOISII RRRFR Nuclear Law Adviser Roxana BANU International Agreements Expert Meeting on Technical Assistance under Norwegian Nuclear Safety Programme for Romania Bucharest, CNCAN Headquarters 12 November 2007 European Commission - Euratom Supply Agency - CNCAN Meeting on EC/ESA requirements Luxembourg, November 15, Fig CNCAN presentations for various national and international events in

71 Chapter 2 Quality Management Systems 2.1 Regulations on Management Systems in the Nuclear Field The activity of updating the CNCAN regulations and guides involves the periodic review of the quality management regulations, on the basis of the national and international experience, of the technical and scientific progress and of the elaboration of new requirements. In 2003 and 2005 CNCAN issued 13 norms on quality management in the nuclear field, based on the Law no. 111/1996. They cover various activities deployed for or in a nuclear installation. The norms were developed by the National Advisory Committee for the Elaboration of the Norms on Quality Management in the Nuclear Field. The Committee was established in 2001 and it was initially composed of the representatives of the nuclear industry in Romania. By CNCAN President Order no. 232/ , with subsequent completions, the National Advisory Committee for the Elaboration of the Norms on Quality Management in the Nuclear Field was reactivated in order to develop a new set of regulations on quality management. These regulations will be adapted to the international practices and to the trends of the new standards and guides in the nuclear field. The first meeting of the Committee in 2007 took place on 3 rd July at CNCAN Headquarters. The meeting had the purpose to establish the composition of the Committee for review of the quality management norms for compliance with the requirements of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) standards (GS-R-3, GS-G-3.1, DS-349, DS 336 and DS 337). The structure of the new regulations and the methodology to be applied in the review process were established during the meetings in the first months of the year. CNCAN scheduled for 2008 the organization of the Conference and Seminar entitled 30 years of Quality Assurance in the nuclear field in Romania. In its framework, CNCAN and the National Advisory Committee for the Elaboration of the Norms on Quality Management in the Nuclear Field will finalize the first draft of the norms, which will replace the existing ones. 2.2 CNCAN Quality Management System CNCAN implemented a quality management system according with the requirements of the SR EN ISO 9001:2001, documented by the Quality Management Manual and 185 procedures. CNCAN planned the revision of the Quality Management Manual and of the associated system procedures in 2008, which will take into account the following: The recommendations of the IAEA International Regulatory Review System mission for CNCAN, 2006;

72 The requirements of SR EN ISO 9001:2001; The recommendations of the DS113 guide, Quality Management Systems for Regulatory Bodies, draft; The requirements of GS-R-3, The Management System for Facilities and Activities ; The requirements of GS-G-3.1, Application of The Management System for Facilities and Activities ; The CNCAN responsibilities defined in other IAEA documents; Public Finances Ministry Order no. 946/2005 from published in the Fig. 2.1 CNCAN Quality Management Manual Official Gazette Part I no. 675 from for the approval of the Internal Control Code, which contents the standards of internal management/control at the public entities and for the development of the management control systems. 2.3 CNCAN Interface with the Licensees The communication between CNCAN and the applicants for licences for the quality management system is a continuous process. Therefore, several meetings with the licensee, National Company Nuclearelectrica, took place in the course of the commissioning of one of the main nuclear objectives in Romania, Cernavoda NPP Unit 2. An example is the meeting held in June 2007 at Cernavoda NPP. Representatives of the Quality Control Division and of the Nuclear Reactors Division took part in this meeting. The subjects of discussions were: the strategy of outages once every two years, the authorisation strategy for Cernavoda NPP Units 1 and 2 for the period , the classification in nuclear safety classes of the NPP systems, structures and components, the status of the implementation of the nuclear safety analyses strategic programme, the status of the activities in the Periodic Safety Review project, and the measures adopted by Cernavoda NPP for the management of the cooling sources in case of subtraction of the Danube river level under the admissible value. In order to approve the strategy of outages once every two years, CNCAN requested a report that should demonstrate the lack of negative impact on the plant s nuclear safety and unplanned outages of the delayed maintenance work and the past outages. The report was reviewed and approved by CNCAN

73 2.4 Quality Management Systems Authorisation in Nuclear Installations: Nuclear Power Plants and Research Reactors In the process of continuous evaluation for issuing the authorisation of the quality management system, CNCAN inspected in March 2007 the maintenance, repairing and the specific operational activities at Cernavoda NPP Unit 1. Following the inspection it was noted that Cernavoda NPP complies with the requirements of the applied quality management system concerning the maintenance, repairing and the specific operational activities, according with the Norms regarding the specific requirements for the quality management systems of the operation of nuclear installations. In April 2007, CNCAN inspected the implementation of the quality management system for supply and design activities at Cernavoda NPP Unit 1. After the evaluation of the quality management system documents, the inspections and system audits that took place during the last two years, at the end of April 2007 CNCAN issued for the National Company Nuclearelectrica four authorisations on the quality management system for operation, design, supply, repairing and maintenance activities at Cernavoda NPP Unit 1 and at the Intermediate Dry Spent Fuel Storage. In 2007, the Quality Control Division performed the following audit missions: In January, CNCAN representatives performed an authorisation audit at the licensee National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering Horia Hulubei (IFIN-HH). The authorisation of the quality management system for activities of preservation for subsequent decommissioning of the VVR-S research reactor was issued following the audit. This authorisation was a preliminary condition for issuing the authorisation for preservation activities; Also in January, following the evaluation of the quality management system documents and the audit performed by CNCAN representatives at the Nuclear Research Institute Pitesti, the authorisation for operation of the Section 2 TRIGA research reactor (including the High Activity Gamma Irradiation Facility), Section 10 Radioactive Waste Treatment Plant and Laboratory 4 Post-Irradiation Examinations was issued; In April, CNCAN performed an audit at the National Company Nuclearelectrica for activities regarding the management of Cernavoda NPP Unit 1 operation in nuclear safety conditions, the operation of the Intermediate Dry Spent Fuel Storage, the commissioning of Cernavoda NPP Unit 2, the preservation, remedial and repairing of Cernavoda NPP Units 3 and 4, and the fabrication of the CNADU 6 nuclear fuel at the Nuclear Fuel Plant Pitesti; In May, the Quality Control Division performed an audit at the National Company Nuclearelectrica The Investments and Technical Support Division, having the main purpose the activities regarding the Units 3 and 4 investments;

74 Fig. 2.2 CNCAN Authorisations for quality management systems in the nuclear field Fig. 2.3 Quality Control Division s Database for the organizations with CNCAN authorised quality management systems

75 Fig CNCAN inspection at the Nuclear Research Institute Pitesti Fig. 2.5 The nuclear reactor of Cernavoda NPP Unit 2 during construction mounting stage, CNCAN inspection of feeders

76 In August, following the evaluation of the documents, the controls and the surveillance performed by CNCAN representatives at the hold and witness points established by the quality plans of the Nuclear Research Institute Pitesti during the last two years, and after the authorisation audit, the quality management system authorisations for fabrication, research and development, design and software products utilization activities were issued; In September, after the reorganization of the National Company Nuclearelectrica structure for two units operation at Cernavoda NPP, the authorisations issued in April were revised for their application to the new structure. The status in 2007 of the quality management system authorisations for nuclear installations, including research reactors, is presented in Fig ANDRAD, Management 4 4 Cernavoda NPP CNE Prod SCN Pitesti, Operation 1 1 SNN, Management January April September October Fig. 2.6 Number of quality management system authorisations for nuclear installations issued in The Quality Management System Authorisation for Equipment and Services Suppliers The Romanian in force legislation specifies the compulsoriness of the quality management system authorisation in the nuclear field for the following activities: design, emplacement, supply, construction, mounting, commissioning, operation, decommissioning or preservation of structures, systems, equipment, components classified as important for the nuclear safety of the installations. Following the evaluation of the quality management system documents, the continuous surveillance by quality plans approval, the control inspections and

77 authorisation audit, CNCAN issues authorisations for the suppliers of products and services qualified as important for the nuclear safety of the installations. In 2007, CNCAN through the Quality Control Division issued 72 quality management system authorisations, including revisions of previous authorisations, to suppliers of products and services important for the nuclear safety for requested activities. The status in 2007 of the quality management system authorisations issued each month, according with the deployed activities, is presented below. Software products, 1, 1% Construction - installations, 16, 22% Manufacturing, 24, 34% Management, 3, 4% Servivces, 5, 7% Design, 13, 18% Procurement, 10, 14% Fig. 2.7 The number of quality management system authorisations issued in Design R&D Constructions Suppliers Manufacturers Services Soft 2 0 January February March April May June July August September October November December Fig. 2.8 The number of quality management system authorisations on activity fields issued in

78 An increase in the number of authorisation requests was noticed from 51 in 2006 to 72 in The comparative graphical situation is presented below January February March April May June July August September October November December Fig. 2.9 The number of quality management system authorisations issued in Authorisation and Control of the Nuclear Constructions In 2006, the regulation Norms regarding the Authorisation of the Execution of Constructions in the Nuclear Speciality, approved by the CNCAN President Order no. 407/ , was issued and published in the Official Gazette no. 193 from The norms were issued in conformity with the provisions of the Law no. 111/1996 regarding the safe deployment, regulation, authorisation and control of nuclear activities, republished, article 35, letter o). They establish: the authorisation procedure for the execution of the construction work in the nuclear speciality; the requirements for the approval on principle necessary for obtaining the execution authorisation for civil or industrial constructions within the exclusion area of the nuclear installations. The norms establish the authorisation requirements for constructions in the nuclear speciality and also the quality control of the execution of the constructions and tracking of their behaviour in time in the nuclear installations. They apply in the authorisation process of the construction works which: house or sustain the equipment of the technological processes of the nuclear installations; are intended for the housing of nuclear materials; by their structure and configuration, or by the equipment they house, they sustain or serve technological processes of the nuclear installations and they fulfil nuclear

79 safety functions or professionally exposed personnel, population, environment and property protection functions. The authorisation process described in the regulation applies to the activities of execution, time tracking and decommissioning of constructions in the nuclear speciality. According with the provisions of the specific regulations, these constructions are categorised as having exceptional importance. The integration of the constructions in other categories can be made with CNCAN approval. The organization is responsible for ensuring the categorisation of the constructions, this process being approved by CNCAN. From the issuance of this regulation, CNCAN received and solved four applications, finalized by two construction authorisations, a rejection of approval on principle and a letter requesting missing information. The authorisation for constructing the Modules 2 and 3 of the Intermediate Dry Spent Fuel Storage of the National Company Nuclearelectrica was issued, with a validity of 12 months for starting the work and having 24 months duration from the construction start point. This authorisation is for the following activities: the consolidation of the foundation terrain for the Modules 2 and 3; the construction work for the Modules 2 and 3 of the Intermediate Dry Spent Fuel Storage. On 21 st of February 2007, CNCAN representatives participated in the reception of the Modules 2 and 3. Also, on , the construction authorisation in the nuclear speciality for the connection cat walk between the Units 1 and 2 of Cernavoda NPP entered into force. The deadline for starting the work is 12 months from the issuance of the authorisation and the duration of the work is 24 months from the construction start point. In the first half of 2007, CNCAN received a request from the Cernavoda Town Hall for the approval of the urbanism plan. Following the evaluation, CNCAN approved this plan. 2.7 Personnel with Responsibilities in the Evaluation of the Quality Management Systems The licensees personnel having responsibilities in the development and implementation of the quality management system, as well as the personnel which performs independent evaluations and elaborates the system operational procedures of the quality management system was certified or authorised, as requested, in conformity with the CNCAN examination and certification programme. Two examination sessions were held in 2007, in order to verify the necessary knowledge and the application of the regulations and procedures for compliance with the certification requirements

80 Examination sessions Candidates Authorised candidates 10 Companies planned for examination Fig The examination of the personnel with responsibilities in the quality management system in 2007 In 2007, CNCAN examined 19 employees of authorised companies, out of which 18 were certified/authorised. As shown in the graphic below, in 2007 the exam passing value of the personnel with responsibilities in the quality management system was 94.73%, in comparison with 97% in Candidates Authorised candidates Fig The examination of the personnel with responsibilities in the quality management system in

81 2.8 Quality Management System Control at the Nuclear Installations, Power Reactors and Research Reactors According with the norms, in the organizational structure of the nuclear installation operators there are divisions for nuclear safety and quality assurance, independent from the operational divisions. CNCAN verifies if these divisions fulfil their responsibilities and act in accordance with their defined roles. CNCAN representatives inspect the critical processes from the point of view of nuclear safety. In 2007, the Quality Control Division participated in the achievement of 28 Commissioning Safety Objectives, following which 27 inspection reports were concluded. CNCAN representatives performed 45 inspections of the Cernavoda NPP Unit 2 quality assurance programme, out of which 30 were hold points at commissioning tests. Fig CNCAN inspection on commissioning activities at Cernavoda NPP Unit

82 Fig CNCAN inspection in the Main Control Room at Cernavoda NPP Unit 2 The licensees for the research reactors have the responsibility of complying with the technical specifications and the operating procedures in the operation phase, as well as in the preservation for decommissioning phase (the case of the IFIN-HH research reactor). CNCAN performed inspections for the quality management system having the purpose to check the compliance with the requirements of the applicable regulations and authorisations. They were included in the annual inspection programme and concluded by inspection reports. In the inspection programmes, CNCAN focused in particular on the control and evaluation of the operating organizations, on the functioning of the divisions, on management activities and, if necessary, issued approvals for the major reorganizations. CNCAN control is performed in order to: ensure the compliance with the relevant provisions of the regulations; ensure that the requirements of the quality management regulations and the base conditions for authorisation are fulfilled; monitor the implementation of the CNCAN dispositions; systematically analyze the performance of the organization in the fields previously established by the inspection programme. In some cases, the authorisation and inspection activity requires the initiation of some corrective measures for applying the law. The application of the law involves measures that determine the licensees to comply with the regulations and to discouragement of further deviations. 2.9 The Authorisation and Control Activities for the Commissioning of Cernavoda NPP Unit 2 CNCAN considered a priority the evaluation and verification of authorisation documents for the commissioning of Cernavoda NPP Unit 2. The nuclear equipment

83 was checked and, after the analysis of the quality plans, 410 approvals were issued, most of them for major equipment. The following activities were conducted: CNCAN witnessed the mounting of the supplied equipment; The equipment suppliers were authorised by CNCAN, qualified by the beneficiary, and they fulfilled specific requirements; The documentation and the inspection and testing programme were carefully monitored with sufficient level of detail; The equipment was checked to certify their compliance to the specific requirements; During the execution of the project, improvements of the design and corrective actions identified by CNCAN and Cernavoda NPP were implemented. Fig Quality management system inspection at Cernavoda NPP Unit The Use of Cernavoda NPP Unit 1 Experience. Improvement Programmes The Cernavoda NPP Unit 1 lessons learned were applied to Unit 2, and the problems occurred at the deployment of the Unit 2 project were documented and they will be used in similar projects in Romania and other countries. Modernizations were also implemented to the Unit 2 project, against Unit

84 Fig Quality management system inspection at Cernavoda NPP Unit 2 A few examples of improvement programmes for the commissioning of Unit 2 are presented below: Construction cleanliness assurance programme an extensive programme that was developed for Unit 2, resulting in decreasing the number of wok incidents and ingressions of foreign materials in the technological pipe systems; Cleanliness levels were significantly improved at Unit 2, in particular the quantity of dust and impurities on the electric panels and other electronic equipment. All contractors were involved in this programme, the necessary effort for the interface being low; The seals quality of the cable assemblies penetrations was improved in the plant. Supplementary field engineering, checking and surveillance activities were conducted. These efforts resulted in a significant improvement at the leak rate registered at the Unit 2 Reactor Building Leak Rate Test. The quality control activity at contractors was consolidated, this conducting to the timely definition of the problems and taking the corrective actions in a shorter period of time Corrective Actions As a result of the quality monitoring activities, the commissioning personnel strengthened its preoccupations with compliance to procedures and fulfilment of the required records; This lead to the reduction in the number of flaws at the commissioning of Unit 2 and a better start process control; Contractors quality management programmes for construction and mounting activities were significantly improved for Ceranvoda NPP Unit 2 project. The initial efforts were directed towards the documenting activities for the quality management manual and procedures programmes. In 2007, over 100 audits in nuclear installations were performed. An aggressive programme for effective identification and solving the problems occurred at Cernavoda NPP and contractors was initiated and implemented

85 2.12 Surveillance Activities CNCAN performed quality assurance inspections at authorised equipment fabricators, in order to ensure the following: The examinations, testing and inspections were deployed according with the accepted plans and check lists for inspections and plans; The status of the inspections was observed for the correct identification of the check points; The qualification of the suppliers was maintained and updated by quality audits and system checks; The specifications, drawings, standards and applicable procedures were used correctly; The activities are conducted by qualified personnel; The seismic and environment qualifications are complete and acceptable; The test and measurement equipment are calibrated; The tests results and data were accurately registered and evaluated; Non-conformities were precisely documented and controlled; History dockets and files were correctly assembled and issued; The equipment and materials fulfilled all the specific requirements; The marking and packing were adequate and fulfilled the design requirements; All equipment and materials were delivered. December November October September August July June Audit ANDRAD Inspections/Audits SCN-Pitesti Inspections/Audits IFIN-HH H/W Cernavoda NPP Inspections/Audits SNN Inspections constructions activities Inspections/Audits U1 Inspections/Audits U2 May April March February January Fig The number of the quality management systems inspections performed at nuclear installations in

86 CNCAN took part monthly in the authorisation meetings conducted at Cernavoda NPP in order to discuss and solve the occurred quality problems, and participated in a number of audits of construction-mounting and commissioning activities at contractors and Management Team. The licensee initiated quality monitoring activities in the framework of the construction and testing activities. The quality monitoring programmes were prepared monthly and were implemented by the Management Team and the quality surveillance personnel. The findings of CNCAN and site inspectors were recorded weekly and the corrective actions implemented by the Management team were continuously reported in status reports. This lead to the continuous improvement of the quality assurance programmes in the construction and commissioning of Unit 2. As shown in the graph below, in 2007, CNCAN closed 27 inspection reports (PVC) at Cernavoda NPP Unit 2, in comparison to 7 closed in Therefore, 28 Commissioning Safety Objectives (CSO) were fulfilled. CSO, PVC, PVC, 7 CSO, Fig The number of quality management inspection reports for the commissioning of Cernavoda NPP Unit 2 in 2006 and The Authorisation and Control of the Construction-Mounting Contractors In the framework of the quality management system authorisation activities and the approval activities of the quality management manual, quality management system and support procedures (e.g. for special processes) for the constructionmounting contractors, CNCAN performed evaluations and audits in order to ensure that the applicable requirements are implemented effectively. CNCAN yearly audited all elements of the contractors quality assurance programmes (authorisation audit every 2 years and mid-interval inspection after 1 year from the authorisation audit). The frequency of the quality audits was

87 determined by the importance of the deployed activities and the effectiveness of the quality management system implementation. Supplementary evaluations of the occurred specific problems were conducted on site. As a result of CNCAN and Management Team approach, the contractors for the work in the classical part of the plant increased their efforts for the identification of the non-conformities, ensuring that they were correctly analyzed and addressed by the responsible parties. The non-conformities were documented and the cost for repairing and deviation correction activities decreased by half because the qualified personnel promptly addressed the problems. In this way, the acknowledgment for quality was achieved, the repairing activities and outages were decreased to minimum and the companies will have benefits in their future projects The Self-Evaluation of the Quality Management System The self-evaluation of the quality management system is one of the most important deployed preventive activities. The self-evaluation has the purpose of determining if the quality management requirements identified in the quality management norms and manuals are effectively implemented and of initiating corrective actions to correct the observed deficiencies. Inspections/Audits - Suppliers Inspections/Audits - U2 Inspections/Audits - U1 Inspections - Constructors activities Inspections/Audits - SNN H/W - Cernavoda NPP Inspections/Audits - IFIN-HH Inapectiions/Audits - SCN-Pitesti Audit - ANDRAD Fig The status of the inspections/audits for the quality management systems of the authorised units in Supplier Audits The deficiencies observed during these audits were identified, documented and promptly reported at the corresponding management level in order to initiate corrective actions. Tracking and checking activities were deployed to ensure that the corrective actions are implemented in the established periods of time and that they are efficient

88 2.16. Checking of the Quality Records It is compulsory for the licensees to elaborate and keep those records which prove that the products and services fulfil the specified requirements and that the quality management systems of the construction and commissioning licensees were effectively implemented. CNCAN verified if at Cernavoda NPP and other nuclear installations these documents are checked and approved in conformity with the provisions of the quality management system documents, if they are correctly managed by the responsible division and if they are properly archived. CNCAN keeps electronic and hard records of all audits and inspections performed at licensees. Fig Aspects of quality management system control/inspection activities

89 2.17 CNCAN Personnel Training in Quality Management The participation of personnel in national and international seminars and courses are part of the CNCAN quality management training programme. In November 2007, Quality Control Division representatives participated in The 8th IAEA-FORATOM Joint Workshop on IAEA Safety Standards on Management Systems held in Vienna. The last trends in the approach and development of the management systems were presented at this workshop. Fig Work meetings on quality management systems deployed in 2007 The Quality Control Division representatives participated also in the training curse Nuclear Safety and Radioprotection, organized by IAEA and deployed at the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS) - Department of Safety Operations in Daejon, in Korea, 12 November 08 December The course consisted in the study of the legislation, of the nuclear regulatory body s internal procedures and in inspections at the nuclear power plants in Korea and the determination of the corrective actions for the identified deficiencies. In 2007, in the framework of the PHARE project regarding Support for CNCAN at the Cernavoda NPP Unit 2 Commissioning, initiated in 2006, the CNCAN personnel participated in training courses and benefitted of on the job training focused on audit and inspection activities at Cernavoda NPP for regulating, authorisation and control activities. In October 2007, the CNCAN President and Quality Control Division organized the conference 25 Years of Quality Assurance Legislation in the Nuclear Field. In this context, discussions were conducted regarding: 25 years anniversary from the issuance of the first quality assurance regulation in the nuclear field (Law no. 6/1982, on quality assurance for the objectives and nuclear installations abolished in 1996); The significance of the quality assurance term and its importance during deploying nuclear activities in Romania;

90 Norms and regulations issued by CNCAN through the Quality Control Division regarding the authorisation of the quality management systems in the nuclear field, of the design, emplacement, supply, construction, mounting, commissioning, operation, decommissioning or preservation activities for the products, services and systems qualified as important for the nuclear safety of the installation; The implementation in CNCAN of a quality management system in compliance with the ISO 9001:2000 standard, before the legal requirements in Romania to impose the managerial control of the public institutions; The authorisation of the nuclear reactors by CNCAN on the basis of its own regulations and guides, including acknowledged international practices, European Union and IAEA requirements; 46 years of CNCAN activity as the national authority for the regulating, authorisation and control of the nuclear activities in Romania. Fig The training course Nuclear Safety and Radioprotection organized by IAEA and conducted at the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS) - Department of Safety Operations in Daejon, Coreea, 12 November 08 December 2007 In the period April 2007, the meeting of the Working Group on Quality Management of the non-governmental organization ROMATOM took place in Odorheiu Secuiesc. ROMATOM is composed of different interested parties in the nuclear field and of nuclear industry representatives. CNCAN, the State Inspection for the Control of Boilers, Pressurized Containers and Lifting Installations (ISCIR) and Harghita County industry representatives were invited at this meeting. Aspects of specific activities for the selfevaluation and organizational modification processes, improvements projects for Cernavoda NPP and practical aspects regarding procedures, planning process,

91 planned and unplanned outages, authorisation and corrective actions were discussed. Fig Press conference organized by CNCAN in October 2007 for the anniversary of 25 years of quality assurance legislation in the nuclear field Fig CNCAN participation in the ROMATOM Working Group Meeting for Quality Management Systems, Odorheiu Secuiesc, 2007 CNCAN participated in the Technical Meeting on Management Systems, organized by IAEA in the period March 2007, in Vienna

92 The purpose of the meeting was to analyze the IAEA nuclear safety standards on management systems and the practical aspects regarding the implementation of the integrated management system. IAEA identified the fields in which it can provide the necessary support for the implementation of the new nuclear safety standards. The representatives of each country presented their experience and point of view concerning the implementation of the quality management systems for the plant operator, regulatory bodies and products and services suppliers. IAEA also presented relevant information on nuclear safety standards and their implementation. The participation of the CNCAN representative in this meeting was very important as, in this period, the Romanian regulations on quality management systems are in the process of review and alignment to the European Union practices. Mr. Aybars Gurpinar, the Director of the IAEA Nuclear Installation Division, and Mr. Akira Omoto, the Director of the IAEA Nuclear Power Plants Division, participated in the opening of the meeting. They underlined the importance of the management system for the nuclear safety. Methods and practices of implementation for the management system standards were presented by IAEA experts, USNRC, CNCS, Czech Republic and Mexico regulatory authorities, GRS-Germany, Vattenfall AB-Sweden, AECL-Canada, AREVA, FORATOM Quality Management Working Group (QMWG) and nuclear power plats operators from Hungary, Switzerland and Germany representatives. Fig Technical Meeting on Management Systems, IAEA, Vienna, March 2007 CNCAN participated in the Regional Technical Meeting on «NPP Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking Using Internationally Shared Data», which took place in the period October 2007 in Paks, Hungary

93 The purpose of the technical meeting was to provide the necessary knowledge for the personnel working in the nuclear field regarding the PRIS (Power Reactor Information System) structure and output data, to exchange the information and experience between the system users, to train the participants on the PRIS data reporting methods using WEDAS, ways to use the PRIS and other interfacing databases developed by IAEA. The meeting was addressed to nuclear power plants, regulatory bodies and technical support organizations experts from Armenia, Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Slovakia and Ukraine. Fig Regional Technical Meeting on «NPP Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking using internationally shared data» participants October 2007 Packs, Hungary CNCAN participated in the 8 th IAEA FORATOM seminar on management systems that took place in the period November at IAEA headquarters in Vienna. Fig Romanian delegation at the 8th IAEA FORATOM seminar on management systems, Vienna, November

94 Fig CNCAN QCD presentations at seminars, conferences and meetings held in

95 Fig CNCAN QCD presentations at seminars, conferences and meetings held in 2007 Fig Nuclear English training course, held in the period 2-4 October

96 Chapter 3 - Radioprotection, radioactive waste and transportation 3.1 Elaboration of Regulations In 2007 DRDR elaborated the following regulation projects, specific to the radioactive wastes domain: Norms concerning general requirements for the activities preceding the final storage. Norms concerning the financial mechanisms for recovery, safety treatment, conditioning and final storage of orphan sources. 3.2 Authorisation activities DRDR received in demands, from the licence holders, from other institutions and organisations with different capacities in the nuclear field, as well as from the public. These demands concerning licences, certificates, approvals, notifications, execution permits or radiological surveillance notebooks were readily solved and the following documents were issued: 19 licences for developing activities in the nuclear field, from which: 5 transport licences, 4 holding licences, 4 utilization licences, 2 operation and maintenance licences, 2 transfer licences, 1 final storage licence and 1 export licence; 13 product radiological safety licences; 5 certificates for designating the organisms from the nuclear field, that have to be notified; 29 certificates of acceptance for the development of activities in the controlled area of the operating enterprises; 7 certificates for dispatching of radioactive materials; 3 certificates for validating the approval of the package design for radioactive materials transport; 5 approvals for radioprotection courses and 2 approvals for radioactive materials transport courses; 4 level II permits for the exertion of nuclear activities; 576 individual notebooks for radiological surveillance of the external workers; 8 authorizations for unconditional relies from the authorization regime of materials and one authorization for conditionally relies from the authorization regime for Magurele Fort;

97 5 authorizations for working with radiation sources outside the special areas; 1 approval of a proposal for bordering under special conditions the working areas of workers professionally exposed to ionizing radiations. Notifications, 5, 6% Valifdation, 3, 3% Transport, 5, 6% Operation, 3, 3% Final repository, 1, 1% User, 4, 4% Export, 5, 6% Shipment of radioacttive materials, 7, 8% ASR for products, 13, 14% Transfer, 4, 4% Ownership, 4, 4% Training courses acceptance, 7, 8% External workers acceptance, 29, 33% Fig. 3.1 Authorizations emitted by DRDR in Radioprotection in nuclear and radiological installations Participation at the activities for commissioning and licensing of Cernavoda NPP Unit 2 During 2007, CNCAN representatives actively participated at the activities of licensing the commissioning of Cernavoda NPP Unit 2, trough: Evaluation of the radioprotection documentation sent by the applicant (radioprotection procedures and final packages of certification documents for the completion of commissioning for radioprotection systems); Effective verification, in the field, of the completion of radioprotection requirements needed for issuing CNCAN authorizations for different stages of the commissioning process of Unit 2 (manual loading of nuclear fuel, first criticality, power increase to different levels, planned outage); Participation at commissioning tests of the gaseous and liquid emissions monitoring systems, installed in Unit 2. The conclusions were that all the acceptance criteria establish in the applicable procedures for those systems were accomplished

98 Fig. 3.2 Radiological zonation in U2, fix inter-zonal contamination monitor, air assay unit and local panel of the tritium monitoring system In order to fulfil CNCAN norms specific requirements concerning the radioactive effluents monitoring, Cernavoda NPP asked in 2007 for the notification of the two trial laboratories in charge with developing the radioactive emissions and environment radioactivity monitoring programs. CNCAN representatives have audited the Individual Dosimetry Laboratory and extended the notification to cover also radioactivity measurements on emission samples. They also verified the Environment Control Laboratory for which a notification covering radioactivity measurements of environment samples was gave. In the personnel radioprotection training domain, CNCAN representatives have evaluated the basic and advanced radioprotection training courses, for which they gave approvals. In order to fulfil CNCAN norms specific requirements concerning the issuance of nuclear activities exercise permits, the license holder asked for its notification as a personnel radioprotection knowledge certification organism. DRDR representatives audited Cernavoda NPP to verify compliance with the general and specific requirements of the applicable norms and standards. As a result, SNN SA Cernavoda NPP Division was designated as a notified organism for personnel knowledge certification in NPP s radioprotection

99 3.3.2 Radioprotection in research nuclear installations In 2007, CNCAN representatives have participated at commissioning tests for the new gaseous emissions monitoring system (GEM), installed on the air shaft of SCN Pitesti TRIGA research reactor, as part of its modernization program. After analyzing the environment radioactivity monitoring annual report, written by SCN Pitesti, CNCAN representatives observed the need to modify the reporting approach and especially, the environment radioactivity monitoring program in the influence area of SCN FCN Pitesti platform. Consequently, they decided that the program has to be adequately revised and transmitted to CNCAN for approval. During this year CNCAN organized the radiological emergency intervention plan revision for the SCN FCN Pitesti emplacement. In 2007 the important activities in radioprotection domain were: the extension of nuclear materials and radiation sources utilization and holding licence, for experimental purposes, at C6 nuclear materials nuclear installation of SCN Pitesti. CNCAN representatives have evaluated the licensing documentation sent by the applicant and they conducted an inspection inside the installation. The observed informalities concerning the application of radioprotection measures were resolved before the new licence was issued. Fig. 3.3 GEM test for SCN Pitesti TRIGA research reactor the extension of conservation for decommissioning licence for IFIN HH VVR-S research reactor. These was done by evaluation of the radioprotection documentation as well as by in field verification for compliance with radioprotection requirements;

100 the evaluation of derivative emission limits from IFIN HH, as well as of the radiological emergency intervention plan for IFIN HH emplacement was continued. CNCAN observations have been discussed with IFIN HH representatives and new schedules for sending the two documents to CNCAN for approval were establish Assessment of EURATOM Art. 35 fulfilment in Romania In February 2007, CNCAN was informed, through the Romanian Permanent Mission at the European Union that a mission will be conducted, consisting in the assessment of the air, water and soil continuous monitoring systems efficiency and operation mode in the vicinity of Cernavoda NPP and on the entire Romanian territory, of the LEM an GEM systems as well as of the monitoring systems for precipitations, vegetation, food (including the imported ones) and forages radioactivity, operated by all competent laboratories in Romania. In March 2007, CNCAN representatives have participated at the provision meeting for assessing EURATOM art. 35 requirements fulfilment in Romania mission which has been performed by the European Commission s (CE) Directorate General Energy and Transport (DG TREN). With this occasion, CNCAN representatives have presented the radioprotection legal and regulation framework in Romania, CNCAN s and other authorities legal attributions in radioprotection field and especially in the environment and food radioactivity monitoring, establish by Low 111/1996 republish, as well as Cernavoda NPP licensing process. The assessment mission was conducted during June 2007 and the following laboratories were audited: CNCAN s Environment Samples Measuring Laboratory; The Environment Radioactivity National Reference Laboratory of the Environment Protection National Agency; The Aliments and Forages Control Laboratory of the Bucharest Public Veterinary Hygiene and Health Institute under the National Veterinary Health and Food Safety Authority; Environment Radioactivity Monitoring Stations in Bucharest, Calarasi, Slobozia, Cernavoda and Constanta; Environment Control and Individual Dosimetry Laboratories of Cernavoda NPP, including liquid and gaseous radioactive emissions monitoring systems in Unit 1. Radiation Hygiene Laboratory of Constanta Public Health Authority; The Aliments and Forages Control Laboratory of Constanta Veterinary Health and Food Safety Directorate; The Frontier Veterinary Inspection Station, operating in Constanta harbour;

101 The Environment Radioactivity Laboratory of Life Physics and Environment Department and Gamma Spectrometry Laboratory of CPR, booth inside IFIN-HH. During the closure meeting of the assessment mission, the members of DG TREN concluded that Romania fulfils the requirements of EURATOM treaty art. 35. Fig. 3.4 DG TREN delegation visit at Cernavoda NPP Unit Radiological investigations In May 2007, CNCAN representatives participated at a radiological investigation in Albita Customs, following a request from Albita Customs Office, concerning one truck transporting unprocessed wool, which at the entrance in the country unleashed the radiation detection portal. The measurements done by the CNCAN team, lead to the conclusion that the truck transiting Romanian territory does not represent a radiological risk for the people or for the environment. As a result of a demand from the owner of phosphor-gypsum clearing tanks resulted from the operation of the former Navodari chemical fertilizers factory, and from the Constanta county Public Health and Environment local authorities, in October 2007, a team from CNCAN evaluated in field conditions and the radioactive content of the phosphor-gypsum samples analyse bulletins presented by the holding company. DRDR representatives identified a potential chronic radiation exposure situation due to some activities from the past and, in conformity with Fundamental Radiological Safety Norms, they disposed a series of immediate actions to restrain the population access on the clearing tanks and to put warnings, and the conduction of a radiological safety analyse for the phosphor-gypsum clearing tanks to estimate there radiological impact on the environment and the population Natural radiation sources which lead to a significant increase in population and workers exposure CNCAN initiated in 2007 a PHARE project Development of CNCAN capabilities regarding the regulatory aspects of Naturally Occurring Radioactive

102 Materials (NORM) and Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) related activities. The main objective of this project is to complete the regulation framework for all the extraction and processing activities of materials with natural radioactive content, which can lead to a significant increase of workers, population and environment radiation exposure, and includes a component concerning radiological investigation and national stock-taking for the principal NORM activities identified in the country, as well as a component concerning CNCAN personnel specific training in licensing and control of this activities. 3.4 Radioactive Waste Management Currently in Romania there are multiple installations carrying out activities related to the management of low and medium activity radioactive wastes, resulted from industry, medicine, research and from the operation of research reactors, namely: Station for the radioactive waste materials treatment (STDR) belonging to IFIN- HH Magurele; Station for the radioactive waste materials treatment (STDR) belonging to SCN Pitesti Laboratory for Post-Irradiation Examination (LEPI) belonging to SCN Pitesti. The wastes resulted from the operation of Cernavoda NPP are managed by the installation for treatment of liquid waste materials and Storage facility for solid radioactive wastes materials from Cernavoda NPP Unit 1, belonging to SNN SA. During 2007 the licence for operation and maintenance of the Post-Irradiation Examination Laboratory (LEPI), belonging to SCN Pitesti, was extended Activities regarding Radioactive Waste Final Storage The final storage of low and medium activity radioactive waste materials resulted from the applications of ionizing radiations in industry, medicine and research is accomplished at Radioactive Waste Materials National Storage Facility (DNDR), located at Baita Bihor and belonging to IFIN-HH. In 2007 the Preliminary Safety Report for the Baita Bihor Storage was evaluated and new activity limits for the radioactive wastes were establish and included in the accordingly modified final storage licence. During 2007 CNCAN evaluated the documentation for the emplacement partial licence of the low and medium activity radioactive wastes Final Storage Facility at Saligny where the radioactive wastes resulted from the operation of Cernavoda NPP are to be stored. In conformity with the National Strategy for management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive wastes, the Saligny storage is to enter in operation in The Magurele Fort emplacement which was user in the past fore radioactive wastes storage has been characterized from the radiological point of view as well as from the point of view of the risk it represents for the public. In 2007 CNCAN issued

103 the certificate of conditional release from the authorisation regime for Magurele Fort, with the condition that agriculture practice and permanent residencies construction to be forbidden for a period of 10 years. Fig. 3.5 CNCAN visit on Saligny emplacement Activities regarding intermediary storage of spent nuclear fuel For the storage of spent nuclear fuel outside the reactor bays, there are four intermediary storage facilities in Romania, namely: Spent Fuel Intermediary Storage Facility (DICA) from Cernavoda NPP, for CANDU-type fuel storage; Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage (DCNU) belonging to IFIN-HH, for VVR-S type spent nuclear fuel storage; The spent nuclear fuel from TRIGA research reactor belonging to SCN Pitesti is stored in the spent fuel bay, situated near the transfer channel between TRIGA and the Post-Irradiation Examination Laboratory; The fragments of spent nuclear fuel coming from TRIGA reactor are stored in dry conditions in the cells of the Post-Irradiation Examination Laboratory at SCN Pitesti. During 2007 the following authorisations were issued:

104 Modification of the operating and maintenance licence of modules 1 and 2 of the Spent Fuel Intermediary Storage Facility (DICA) from Cernavoda NPP, by including module 3; Extension of the operating and maintenance licence for modules 1, 2 and 3 of the Spent Fuel Intermediary Storage Facility (DICA) from Cernavoda NPP. 3.5 Transportation of Radioactive Materials In 2007 CNCAN participated, at the invitation of Bulgarian side, at a meeting with the Bulgarian Nuclear Regulation Agency (NRA) and Kozloduy NPP, in the frame of bilateral relationships for extending the cooperation between the two countries. The objective of the meeting was the optimisation of requirements regarding the transportation of fresh and spent nuclear fuel, having as a basis for discussion the European Directive (CD 2006/117/EURATOM) concerning the surveillance and control of radioactive wastes and spent nuclear fuel shipment. Other activities carried out by DRDR in 2007 were: validation of approvals for fissionable materials transportation package models; approval for fresh nuclear fuel shipment by air (from France to Bucharest); approval for fresh nuclear fuel shipment by road (from Bucharest to SCN Pitesti); escort and participation at the control of the shipment from the entrance in the country to the destination, to assure the fulfilment of the requirements in the authorisation issued. 3.6 Control Activities In order to assure the safety development of nuclear activities inside its area of expertise, in 2007 DRDR conducted 52 inspections, from which: 5 inspections to verify the fulfilment of the limits and conditions from the previous licenses, in order to extend the conservation licence for VVR-S research reactor belonging to IFIN-HH, to extend the operation and maintenance licence for SCN Pitesti LEPI, to extend the radiation sources and nuclear materials holding and utilization licence for C6 nuclear installation belonging to SCN Pitesti, to modify the operation and maintenance licence for Cernavoda NPP DICA by including module 3, to extend the operation and maintenance licence for modules 1, 2 and 3 of Cernavoda NPP DICA ; 11 inspections on radioprotection, from which 6 in order to verify the fulfilment of radioprotection requirements needed for notifying different stages of Cernavoda NPP Unit 2 commissioning, participation at commissioning tests for the gaseous and liquid radioactive emissions monitoring systems of Cernavoda NPP Unit 2, as well as for the gaseous radioactive emissions monitoring system of SCN Pitesti TRIGA, and 2 inspections for verifying the fulfilment of environment radioactivity

105 monitoring requirements in the influence areas of Cernavoda NPP and IFIN-HH Magurele; 4 inspections for verifying radioactive wastes specific management and transportation activities conducted by Magurele STDR; 2 transportation inspections, one for authorizing the fresh nuclear fuel transportation ship for Bulgarian Kozlodui NPP and one for verifying the fulfilment of shipping requirements for fresh nuclear fuel shipment to Bulgarian Kozlodui NPP; 14 inspections for verifying the discharge activities of liquid radioactive effluents from the operation of CPR belonging to Magurele IFIN-HH ; 7 audits of the organizations which have asked for the designation or for extension of the designation as a notified organism in the nuclear field (Cernavoda NPP, SCN Pitesti and ICSI Rmnicu Valcea); 7 inspections, asked by IFIN-HH Magurele, for verifying the fulfilment of the requirements concerning materials release from the authorization regime; 2 radiological investigations, in Albita customs and at the former Navodari chemical fertilizers factory. 3.7 IAEA radioactive waste data base The need for elaboration and integration, by the licence holder, of the radioactive wastes management electronic data base is a consequence of the international interest for limiting the lost of control over closed radioactive sources during all their life time from the production to the final storage. IAEA has in operation an on-line radioactive wastes management data base. Annually CNCAN, as the country responsible institution, gathered from the licensees the needed data and reported it to IAEA. 3.8 Participation in projects, programs, conferences, seminars and national and international meetings on radioprotection and radioactive waste management In 2007, DRDR conducted the following projects financed by the European Commission (CE) and by IAEA: PHARE project Technical assistance to the Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (CNCAN) to improve the management of highly-activity sealed radioactive sources (SRS), including spent sealed radioactive sources (SSRS) and orphan sources. Inside this project regulations were elaborated and the personnel of CNCAN and other institutions with attributions in spent sealed sources and orphan sources management was trained. With these scoops the following seminars were conducted at CNCAN headquarters:

106 - An analyse of the regulation framework in radioactive wastes management field ; including the spent sealed sources and orphan sources; - An analyse of the European practices regarding the management of spent sealed radioactive sources; - A review of the regulations elaborated inside this project; - A review of the governmental decision regarding the organization of the financial mechanisms for orphan sources recuperation and management; - A review of the regulations regarding metallic wastes import. Inside the project 2 technical visits were conducted, one at a storage facility in Austria and another at a radioactive wastes storage facility in Finland. There were conducted 2 residential courses in detection radioprotection and orphan sources recovery in Great Britain. PHARE project The development of a data base regarding the radioactive materials transportation. Within this project a data base with information about the radioactive materials transportation activities was realized as a response to the requirements for the implementation of Council Directive 92/3/Euratom regarding radioactive wastes shipment between Member States surveillance and control. Inside the technical cooperation project ROM/9/027, IAEA provided technical assistance through expert missions for improving CNCAN personnel capabilities in evaluating the safety of the radioactive wastes storage facilities. With this scoop the following events were conducted: - The National Seminar Implementation of the requirements for releasing from the authorization regime of materials coming from authorized activities with the participation of IAEA experts and representatives from the following institutions: CNCAN, IFIN-HH, SCN Pitesti, ANDRAD and Cernavoda NPP; - The expert mission Support for the development by CNCAN of the evaluation plan for the licences demands for radioactive wastes final storage, with the purpose of training CNCAN personnel in evaluating the technical documentation for licensing the radioactive wastes final storage facility at Saligny; - The expert mission Support for the evaluation of the demanded emplacement license for the radioactive wastes final storage facility at Saligny, with the purpose of providing support for the evaluation of the technical documentation for licensing of low and medium active radioactive wastes final storage emplacement at Saligny; - Grants for a scientific visit of 6 CNCAN representatives at Mol Belgium for training in evaluating the radioactive wastes storages safety. Inside the cooperation project ROM/4/029, IAEA provided technical assistance trough expert missions Evaluation of the decommissioning plan project for Romanian VVR-S research reactor for the evaluation of the decommissioning plan for VVR-S research reactor by the nuclear regulatory body

107 Fig. 3.6 Evaluation by the IAEA experts of the decommissioning plan project for VVR-S reactor belonging to IFIN-HH, PHARE project Medical radioactive wastes management in Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania. 2 CNCAN representatives participated in this project and they made the medical radioactive wastes field regulatory framework evaluation. The contracting company made radioactivity measurements of the effluents released in the environment at one hospital. The results of the evaluations in the tree countries as well as the results of the radioactivity measurements in different hospitals were discussed at a joint meeting of the participating countries representatives with the CE and IAEA representatives at Bruxelles. CNCAN participated at the WENRA-WGWD working group for the harmonization of the safety of radioactive wastes management concept and the decommissioning concept. In 2007 the working group finalized the report regarding the reference requirements for radioactive wastes and spent nuclear fuel storage and the report regarding the reference requirements for nuclear installations decommissioning. The group made the comparative analyse of the regulatory framework for the radioactive wastes storage as well as for nuclear installations decommissioning. In the next years a comparative study of the reference requirements implementation models is planed to start. In 2007 Romania hosted the 17 th meeting of the WENRA-WGWD working group

108 Fig. 3.7 WENRA-WGWD working group meeting th CNCAN participated at the 7 International Conference regarding VVER fuel performances, Modelling and Experimental Support, organized by the Bulgarian authorities with IAEA support, during September 2007, in Albena, Bulgaria. The International Conference regarding dangerous wastes management, organized by the Environment and Long Term Development Ministry, opened the dialog concerning the reduction of dangerous wastes quantities by means of recycling or reutilization. Between the dangerous wastes there are worn tiers, spent motor oil, worn batteries, etc. For the management of some of the dangerous wastes the European Commission already created the regulatory frame. CNCAN was invited to participate as the radioactive wastes competent regulation, licensing and control authority. CNCAN participated at IRPA Regional Congress for Central and Eastern Europe, organized in September 2007 at Brasov, with the papers: Improvement of the regulatory requirements in the radioactive wastes domain in Romania and Radioactive contamination with natural radionuclide case study. CNCAN participated in October 2007 at the third RECAN seminar Problems in practical implementation of optimizations organized within the frame of the technical cooperation project IAEA RER9089/9003/01; CNCAN participated at the third seminar Tritium Management organized by ICSI Valcea in June 2007 at Ramnicu Valcea

109 3.9 Participation in CE and IAEA work groups In 2007, DRDR representatives actively participated at different CE and IAEA work groups: The project Solutions for the Radioactive Wastes Management based of the Safety Evaluations (SADRWMS), organized by IAEA whit the purpose of developing a dedicated software for making the evaluation reports for final storage precursory activities. CNCAN representatives participated at the working meetings of the nuclear power plants operational wastes subgroup and at the plenary meetings. PRISM Practical Implementation of the Surface Storages Safety Evaluation Methodology project, organized by IAEA. This project is a continuation of ISAM - Implementation of the Surface Storages Safety Evaluation Methodology project and ASAM - Application of the Surface Storages Safety Evaluation Methodology. IAEA put the bases for this new project inviting the Member States to participate with there regulatory body, technical support organizations and the storage operators representatives. Participation at the Support Committee gathered in conformity with article 21 of the Council Directive 2006/117/EURATOM regarding radioactive wastes and spent nuclear fuel shipping surveillance and control, organized by the European Commission, for the implementation of the directive requirement. The safety transportation of radioactive materials working group (Standing Working Group) organized by the European Commission. As a result of Romanian Adhesion at the European Union the participation at this working group was demanded.. Participation in the Radiation Safety Standards Committee, organized by IAEA Training and perfecting of personnel in radioprotection and radioactive waste In 2007 CNCAN personnel participated at different training and perfection activities, dedicated to new comers and, respectively to experienced personnel in radioprotection and radioactive wastes field. The National R&D Institute for nuclear physics and engendering Horia Hlubei Centre for training and specialization of personnel in nuclear field, Level 2 Certificate Radiological Safety in practices with ionizing radiation sources, during 16 April 18 May 2007, Magurele Bucharest; Training course regarding the Fundamental Principles of Environment Chemistry, organized by Politehnica University of Bucharest in cooperation with Michigan State University during June 2007, Bucharest;

110 The 9 th multimedia training course regarding the radioactivity, radionuclide and radiations, with Nucleonica.net software, organized by the European Commission during October 2007, at Karlsruhe, Germany; Fig. 3.8 The participants to Nucleonica course, CE, Karlsruhe, Germany Interregional perfection course regarding Geological storage of radioactive wastes in sedimentary formations, organized by ITC International School for Wastes Storage and Subterranean Disposal with IAEA support, during September 2007, at Peine, Germany; The National Seminary for implementation of the norms regarding the relies from the authorization regime of the materials resulted from the nuclear industry, organized inside the technical cooperation project IAEA ROM/9/027 during March 2007, at CNCAN headquarters; Fig. 3.9 Participation at the Perfection course Geological storage of radioactive wastes in sedimentary formations, ITC, September 2007, Peine, Germany

111 Scientific visit inside the technical cooperation project IAEA ROM/9/027 regarding CNCAN personnel training program in the evaluation of the radioactive wastes storage safety, organized during 2-6 June 2007, at SCK-CEN Mol, Belgium; Technical visit at the radioactive wastes storage installation from the Nuclear Engineering Institute in Seibersdorf (Nuclear Engineering Seibersdorf GmbH) organized inside the second task of the PHARE project no. RO 2004/ Technical assistance to the Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (CNCAN) to improve the management of highly-activity sealed radioactive sources (SRS), including spent sealed radioactive sources (SSRS) and orphan sources, during May 2007, at Viena, Austria; Technical visit regarding the radioactive wastes final storage, organized inside the second task of the PHARE project no. RO 2004/ Technical assistance to the Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (CNCAN) to improve the management of highly-activity sealed radioactive sources (SRS), including spent sealed radioactive sources (SSRS) and orphan sources, during June 2007, at STUK and TVO, Finland; The perfection courses in detection and radioactive orphan sources identification CNCAN personnel training in detection and recovery of lost ore stolen radioactive orphan sources and Instructors training - detection and recovery of lost ore stolen radioactive orphan sources,, organised inside the 5 th task of PHARE RO 2004/ project Technical assistance to the Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (CNCAN) to improve the management of highly-activity sealed radioactive sources (SRS), including spent sealed radioactive sources (SSRS) and orphan sources, in September 2007, at Oxford, Great Britain; The protection and intervention in case of nuclear accident outside the emplacement at Kozlodui NPP, Bulgaria, exercise Oltenia 2007, organized by the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations from the Ministry of Interior and Administrative Reform, during October 2007 in Dolj county. Fig Participation at the Exercise Protection and intervention in case of nuclear accident outside the emplacement at Kozloduy NPP, Bulgaria,

112 Chapter 4 Nuclear Safeguards 4.1 Nuclear Safeguards and Additional Protocol Implementation in Romania CNCAN is the national competent authority for the regulation, licensing and control of nuclear activities, responsible, according to the law to: Implement the provisions of the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Safeguards Agreement between Romania and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and of the Additional Protocol to the Safeguards Agreement; Implement the provisions of the EURATOM Treaty; Set up and co-ordinate the national system for accounting and control of nuclear materials; Strengthen the safeguards control for the peaceful utilisation of nuclear materials; Implement the European Commission Regulation no. 302/2005 regarding the EURATOM Safeguard system. CNCAN is the national contact point for safeguards, physical protection of nuclear materials and nuclear and radiological installations, and for prevention of illicit traffic of nuclear and radioactive materials. In order to fulfil the obligations of the Romanian state derived from the above mentioned treaties and agreements, CNCAN has submitted to the IAEA: Reports on the variations of inventories for the nuclear materials balance areas (monthly), Reports on modifications in 2007 according to the provisions of articles 2 a) and 2 b) of the Additional Protocol to the Safeguards Agreement, Reports on the imports and exports of specified equipment according to the provisions of article 2 a) (ix) of the Additional Protocol to the Safeguards Agreement (quarterly). CNCAN has also submitted reports to EURATOM, on the quantities of nuclear materials owned by the small users such as laboratories of research and education institutions, medical or military facilities, etc. For assessment of the activities deployed in Romania, according to the provisions of the Additional Protocol to the Safeguards Agreement, the International Atomic Energy Agency has requested complementary access to: Cernavoda NPP Unit 3 on March 19th, 2007;

113 National Research and Development Institute for Nuclear Engineering and Physics Horia Hulubei (IFIN-HH) on June 8th, 2007; National Research and Development Institute for Isotopic and Molecular Technologies Cluj Napoca on March 9th, 2007; Notification of the complementary access was done in accordance with the provisions of article 4 of the Additional Protocol to the Agreement between Romania and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards: At least 24 hours in advance; 2 hours in advance for ad-hoc or routine inspections. Advance notice at 2h, 3, 30% Advance notice at 24h, 7, 70% Fig. 4.1 Advance notice terms for complementary access for IAEA inspectors, accompanied by CNCAN inspectors, have performed: Visual observation; Collection of environmental samples; Utilisation of radiation detection and measurement devices; Application of seals and other identifying and tamper indicating devices

114 No. of complementary access requests Fig. 4.2 No. of complementary access requests in after the ratification of the Additional Protocol to the Safeguards Agreement To verify the fulfilment by Romania of the obligations arisen from the safeguards agreements in place, IAEA inspectors have performed 25 ad-hoc and routine inspections. The ad-hoc inspections had as objectives: Verification of the information provided in the initial reports on the nuclear materials; Identification and verification of inventory changes since the initial report; Identification and verification of nuclear materials quantities and composition before their transfer on the Romanian territory or outside it. The routine inspections had as objectives: Verification of compliance of the reports with the accounting system; Verification of location, identity, quantity and composition of all nuclear materials; Verification of the information regarding the possible causes of inventory differences, forwarder-recipient differences and inventory differences due to measurement uncertainty. EURATOM inspectors have performed 9 inspections in accordance with the provisions of the CE Regulation 302/2005. The inspections have targeted the implementation of the EURATOM Safeguard system

115 10 ctions Inspe f IAEA Number o RO-A RO-C RO-D RO-E RO-F RO-G RO-H Nuclear materials balance areas Fig. 4.3 IAEA inspections in nuclear materials balance areas in Number of EURATOM Inspentions RO-A RO-C RO-D RO-E RO-F RO-G RO-H Nuclear materials balance areas Fig. 4.4 EURATOM inspections in nuclear materials balance areas in Licensing Activities CNCAN licensing activities in the safeguards field encompass: Control of activities involving nuclear materials (fabrication, supply, lending, transfer, possession, export or import); Control of activities involving materials, devices or equipment pertinent to the nuclear weapons proliferation or other explosive nuclear devices, as well as of the related information (fabrication, supply, lending, transfer, possession, export or import); Verification of inventories in the nuclear materials balance areas; Verification of compliance with the limits stated in the licences;

116 Identification of nuclear materials, devices and equipments pertinent to the nuclear weapons proliferation or other explosive nuclear devices Verification of implementation status of CNCAN dispositions resulted from previous inspections; Elaboration of safeguards reports for IAEA and Canada; Elaboration of the annual statements according to the Additional Protocol to the Safeguards Agreement. provisions of the The organisations deploying nuclear activities have to set up and maintain safeguards systems in compliance with CNCAN regulations and licensing requirements, specific for the deployed activities. CNCAN issues licences in the safeguards field for: Fabrication, supply, processing, utilisation, lending, transport, transfer, possession, export and import of nuclear materials; Fabrication, supply, utilisation, lending, transfer, possession, export and import of materials, devices and equipment pertinent to proliferation of nuclear weapons and other explosive nuclear devices, as listed in the Appendix 1 of the Law no. 111/1996, republished; Possession, transfer, import and export of unpublished information regarding materials, devices and equipment pertinent to proliferation of nuclear weapons and other explosive nuclear devices, as listed in the Appendix 1 of the Law no. 111/1996, republished. Following the assessment of the documentation submitted in 2007, CNCAN has issued 210 licences in the safeguards field: Possession licences; Transfer licences; Import or export licences; Transfer in the European Union licences; Fabrication or processing licences; Supply licences; Lending licences; Modifications to existing licences of the above listed types

117 Fig. 4.5 Licences issued by CNCAN in 2007 in the safeguards field No. of Autorizations Ownership Export Import Supplying Renting Changes Fabrication Processing Transfer Transfer in EU Autorizations types issued by CNCAN Fig. 4.6 Distribution by type of the licences issued by CNCAN in 2007 in the safeguards field

118 Decem ber Novem ber October September August July June May April March February January Fig. 4.7 Monthly distribution of the licences issued by CNCAN in 2007 in the safeguards field The licences for import, export and transfer in the European Union have been issued only after the applicants demonstrated that: They comply to the applicable legislation and the obligations under international agreements and treaties in the nuclear field to which Romania is part; They deliver the products or the information only to licensed recipients; In case of export, they have obtained from the external partners necessary guarantees that the exported products or information will not be used for purposes which could prejudice the obligations arising from international agreements and treaties to which Romania is part or the national security. Their personnel demonstrate competence and probity, in compliance with the legal requirements in place. CNCAN has issued the licence no. AN 122/2007 for the transfer of 4800 spent fuel bundles, distributed in 80 casks with 60 bundles each from the Spent Fuel Bay of Cernavoda NPP Unit 1 to the Spent Fuel Intermediate Dry Storage Facility on Cernavoda site for 50 years storage. The transfer has been monitored by CNCAN and IAEA. During 2007 CNCAN has received requests for exemptions for import or export of materials, devices or equipment not listed in the Detailed list of materials, devices equipment and information pertinent to the proliferation of nuclear weapons or other explosive nuclear devices, approved by Government Decision no. 916/2002, detailing the Appendix 1 to the Law no. 111/1996 republished

119 Import Export Transfer in UE Fig. 4.8 Yearly distribution of export, import and transfer in the European Union licences issued by CNCAN during Followi ng the assessment of the documentation submitted to CNCAN 23 exemptions have been granted for import or export of materials, devices and equipment. CNCAN has also assessed a number of 5 procedures regarding safeguards systems processes, of which 3 have been approved and for 2 modifications and completions have been requested. Nuclear Materials, 9 Equipment and Divices, 14 Fig. 4.9 Exemptions for import or export of nuclear materials, devices and equipments granted by CNCAN in

120 No. Procedures as sessed CNU FCNE Pitesti CNE Cernavoda 1 Fig Safeguards systems process procedures assessed by CNCAN in Certification of safeguards responsible personnel Regarding the examination of personnel for certification as safeguards responsible personnel, in 2007 CNCAN has examined and certified the safeguards responsible personnel for the National Company Nuclearelectrica. 4.4 Control Activities The control activities performed by CNCAN in the nuclear safeguards field encompassed the following: Verification of compliance with the provisions regarding safeguards application of the Law no. 111/1996 on regulation, licensing and control of the safe deployment of nuclear activities, republished, and of the Law no. 100/2000 on ratification of the Additional Protocol to the Safeguards Agreement; Verification of compliance with the provisions of the safeguards regulations issued by CNCAN; Verification of compliance with the provisions of the Government Decision no. 916/2002 for approval of the Detailed list of materials, devices equipment and information pertinent to the proliferation of nuclear weapons or other explosive nuclear devices ; Verification of compliance with the provisions of the European Commission Regulation no. 302/2005 regarding implementation of the EURATOM Safeguard System; Verification of implementation of the CNCAN dispositions from previous inspections. The control has been performed in locations:

121 In which physical or legal persons deploy nuclear activities, before issuing the licence for which the respective person has applied, during the validity term of the licence or based on licensee notification; In which physical or legal persons might possess nuclear materials or might deploy nuclear activities. Following the 28 inspections performed in 2007 inspection reports containing 30 dispositions were issued. 3 fines have been applied for non- with the provisions of the Law no. compliance 111/ ns 10 Number of CNCAN Inspentio RO-A RO-C & RO-G RO-D RO-H RO-F RO-E RO-Z Nuclear materials balance areas Fig Distribution by material balance areas of the safeguards inspections performed by CNCAN in CNCAN Safeguards Database CNCAN has managed and updated its database on licensing of fabrication, supply, possession, lending, transfer, import and export of nuclear materials, devices and equipment pertinent to proliferation of nuclear weapons and other explosive nuclear devices. The data base includes information regarding radioactive sources, depleted uranium casks, and other licensed activities according to the provisions of the Law no.111/1996, republished. A database for management of information regarding containers with depleted uranium possessed by the small users of nuclear materials (medical and research facilities, universities, etc.) has been created. The information in this database includes serial numbers and types of containers, uranium quantity, as well as the number of the last possession licence issued by CNCAN. The database has been transmitted to the International Atomic Energy Agency

122 Fig CNCAN Safeguards Database on licensing information 4.6 Participation in international workshops and conferences on safeguards During May, a CNCAN representative has participated to the ESARDA Symposium on Safeguards and Nuclear Materials Management, held in Aix en Provence, France. New technologies for nuclear materials accounting and safeguards implementation in Europe have been discussed during this symposium. CNCAN representatives have participated to the workshop organized by the Joint Research Centre on CANDU safeguards. The workshop included both aspects related to safeguards and physical protection and has taken place in two sessions: May 29 30, 2007 in Ispra, Italy and September 19 21, 2007 in Petten, The Nederlands. CNCAN representatives have also participated to the meeting of the European Union Member States representatives in Luxembourg, September 12 13, The meeting had as main aspects for discussion the status of implementation of the EURATOM Safeguards system and the draft recommendation of the European Commission on nuclear materials accounting system. CNCAN presented the implementation of EURATOM safeguards in Romania and has submitted observations to the CE recommendation. During October 1 2, 2007, CNCAN representatives have participated to the meeting on Preparation of physical inventory verification for the RO-F material balance area and safeguards implementation in Romania, organised by IAEA in Vienna. Aspects regarding the implementation of integrated nuclear safeguards have also been discussed

123 Chapter 5 Physical Protection of the Nuclear Materials and Installations 5.1 New physical protection regulations CNCAN is abilitated, accordin to the provisions of article 5 of the Law no. 111/1996 republished, to issue regulations for detailing of the regulatory requirements on nuclear safety, radiation protection, quality assurance, safeguards and physical protection, including licensing and control procedures and any other regulations on licensing and control activities in the nuclear field. On the basis of the above mentioned legal provisions CNCAN has issued the following physical protection regulations: Guide on preventive protection of the nuclear installations, approved by CNCAN s president order no. 304/ and published in the Official Gazzette, Part I, no. 636/ Guide on periodic verification of pysical protection systems of nuclear installations, approved by CNCAN s president order 305/ and published in the Official Gazzette, Part I, no. 652/ ; Guide on physical protection of nuclear materials during transfer, Ghid privind protecţia fizică a materialelor nucleare în timpul transportului, approved by CNCAN s president order 303/ and published in the Official Gazzette, Part I, no. 657/ These guides are important both for the design phase of the physical protection systems and for the development of the physical protection plans for transport of nuclear materials, as they include specific recommendations for systems performance and measures to be taken during transport. They also ensure a transparent instrument for verification and testing of physical protection systems performance by CNCAN staff during regulatory inspections. 5.2 Tecnical co-operation projects on physical protection During 2007 CNCAN continued its participation in the technical assistance programme of the IAEA, materialised through supply of specific equipments for increasing the performance of the physical protection system at Feldioara Subsidiary of the National Uranium Company. The equipment supplied in 2007, total value of approximatelly USD, contributes to significant efficiency improvement of personnel and vehicle access control on the premises

124 5.3 Licensing Activities According to the provisions of the Law no. 111/1996 republished, CNCAN is the national contact point for physical protection of nuclear and radiological installations, for prevention of and fighting against ilicit trafficking of nuclear and materials, having the attributions to control fulfilment of the obligations arisen from international agreements to which Romania is part. CNCAN verifies the implementation and maintenance of physical protection systems for nuclear fuel, nuclear and radioactive materials and wastes, nuclear and radiological installations, including spent nuclear fuel storage facilities and radioactive waste storage facilities, in compliance with the specific regulations. The major objectives of CNCAN inspections on physical protection have been assurance of compliance with the legislative framework in the following areas: Implementating and maintaing a high standard of nuclear installations physical protection systems; Ensuring the physical protection of the nuclear materials during storage and transfer; Preventing, fighting against and eliminating illicit trafficking of nuclear materials and radioactive sources; Preventing of and fighting against nuclear and radiological terrorism; Adequate qualification of the personnel ensuring security of nuclear installations; Security of radioactive sources and recovery of orphan sources. The following licensing activities in the area of physical protection have been performed during 2007: Security services for Nuclear Society Nuclearelactrica CNE-INVEST Branch; Security services for National Uranium Company Bihor Subsidiary; Securtiy services for National Research and Development Institute for Rare and Radiaoctive Metals ICPMRR Bucharest

125 Fig. 5.1 Annual distribution of physical protection licences issued by CNCAN during Fig. 5.2 Physical protection licences issued by CNCAN During 2007 CNCAN has assessed from physical protection point of view the licensing documentation for commissioning, trial operation and operation of Cernavoda NPP Unit 2 and operation of TRIGA research reactor in Pitesti. 5.4 Prevention of and fighting against illicit traffic of nuclear materials There were no events related to illicit traffic of nuclear or radioactive materials in 2007 in Romania. The illicit traffic incidents database, including the entire period for which IAEA holds records, respectively, has been analyzed and restructured

126 Evidence of all international incidents related to illicit trafficking of nuclear materials annualy comunicated by IAEA is being kept by the Special Materials Division within CNCAN. A permanent communications line is maintained between CNCAN and IAEA through which information is exchanged promptly. 5.5 Control Activities CNCAN monitors the fulfillment of the legal requirements and asseses the physical protection systems of the nuclear facilities, so that the measures for physical protection to be maintained on a level to facilitate efective response to the potential threats. In this respect, in 2007, a number of 15 inspections have been performed to the main nuclear facilities in Romania, as well as to the nuclear materials fabricants and to some of the small users: Cernavoda NPP Units 1 and 2; Fuel Fabrication Facility in Pitesti; Nuclear Research Institute in Pitesti; Feldioara subsidiary of the National Uranium Company; National Research and Development Institute for Nuclear Physics and Engineering Horia Hulubei in Bucharest; Heavy Water Plant in Turnu Severin; National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies in Râmnicu Vâlcea; National Research and Development Institute for Molecular and Isotopic Technologies in Cluj. The obejectives of the inspections have been: Assessment of the physical protection system efficiency; Verification of procedural compliance; Assessment of physical protection systems design for approval; Licensing of security services providers; Licensing of physical protection systems designers; Licensing of fire supression systems; Verification of implementation of CNCAN dispositions from previous inspections

127 Fig. 5.3 Annual distribution of physical protection inspections performed by CNCAN during Assessement of physical protection procedures 14 physical protection procedures have been assessed in 2007, of which 11 for IFIN-HH Bucharest, 1 for the National Uranium Company and 2 for Cernavoda NPP IFIN-HH CNU CNE Cernavoda Fig. 5.4 Distribution of physical protection procedures assessed in Certification of personnel responsible for physical protection of nuclear materials and installations In accordance with the strategy for training of personnel performing physical protection activities, during 2007 CNCAN has received two applications for authorisation of personnel responsible for physical protection

128 Following examination of the candidates, personnel responsible for physical protection of the Fuel Fabrication Facility in Pitesti and Heavy Water Plant in Turnu Severin have been certified. 5.8 CNCAN personnel training on physical protection Special Materials Divison personnel has participated in 2 training courses on physical protection organized by IAEA in 2007, the director of the Special Materials Division within CNCAN participating as lecturer for the second one: Regional Training Course on Physical Protection Inspections in Nuclear Installations, June 4 15, 2007, Obninsk, Russion Federation; Regional Training Course on Physical Protection of Nuclear Installations, June 4 15, 2007, Kiev Ukraine. Fig. 5.5 Regional Training Course on Physical Protection Inspections in Nuclear Installations, Obninsk, Russion Federation, June Preventing and fighting against nuclear terrorism On September 7, 2007, CNCAN organised in co-operation with the Romanian Intelligence Service the National Exercise on Prevention and Fighting Against Nuclear Terrorism. The exercise took place on the premises of the National Research and Development Institute for Nuclear Physics and Engineering Horia Hulubei in Bucharest. The event was a continuation of CNCAN activities as national contact point for nuclear safeguards, physical protection, prevention and fighting against illicit trafficking of nuclear materials and nuclear terrorism. The scenario of the exercise simulated aterrorist attack on a research reactor and constituted an opportunity to test the technical and organisational response capabilities of the national institutions with

129 responsibilitiesfor physical protection in crisis situations generated by such terrorist acts. Fig. 5.6 Response team transport CNCAN participated in the exercise with its mobile intervention unit, nuclear materials detection equipment, special communications equipment and vehicles. The exercise prooved good colaboration relationships between CNCAN, Counterterrorism Brigade of the Romanian Information Service and the Police, Military, Mynistry of Health and National Inspectorate for Emergency teams. Representatives of the European Commission, EURATOM, USNRC, NATO, SECI, and of the military and nuclear regulatory bodies of Bulgaria, Hungary, Moldova, Norway, Russion Federation, Slovakia and Ukraine have also participated in the exercise

130 Chapter 6 Uranium ores mining and milling 6.1 Licensing Activities In 2007 for mining, milling, processing of raw nuclear material, manufacturing of nuclear fuel and related activities (sitting, possession, utilisation, handling, fabrication, storage, transfer, operation, preservation and decommissioning) 37 licences have been issued Fig. 6.1 Yearly distribution of mining, milling, processing of raw nuclear material and manufacturing of nuclear fuel licences issued by CNCAN during Main licensing activities in 2007 finalised with issuing of a licence were: Site licence for extension of the Low Activity Solid Radioactive Waste Repository at Feldioara Subsidiary of the National Uranium Company; Operating licence for uranium ore mining for Bihor Subsidiary of the National Uranium Company; Transport licence for uranium ore by Ro type cars with metallic cover pulled by locomotives owned by Servtrans Invest company; Preservation licence for radiological installations and uranium ore of the Primatar workplace, through Suceava Subsidiary of the National Uranium Company; Decommissioning licence for uranium mining facilities of the Banat Oravita Subsidiary of the National Uranium Company; A number of 12 procedures for mining and milling activities, development of which has been requested by CNCAN to the licence holders, have been assessed

131 Fig. 6.2 Licences for uranium mining and milling Construction, 1, 2% Transfer, 3, 6% Storage, 2, 4% Transport, 8, 16% Expedition, 2, 4% Possesion, 11, 21% Deccommissioning, 2, 4% Preservation, 4, 8% Supply, 1, 2% Operation, 1, 2% Fabrication, 3, 6% Handling, 5, 10% Utilisation, 8, 15% Fig. 6.3 Distribution by type of the mining and milling licences issued by CNCAN in Fig. 6.4 Yearly distribution of the number of mining and milling related procedures assessed and approved by CNCAN during

132 6.2 Certification of personnel for mining activities CNCAN has examined 21 applicants for level 2 practice permits for the fields: Raw Nuclear Materials, Activities with insignificant radiological risk, Closed radiation sources, Open radiation sources and related specialisations. A number of 18 applicants have passed the examination and received level 2 practice permits Number of requests N umber of the permits issued Fig. 6.5 Number of examined persons and issued level 2 practice permits during Fig. 6.6 Level 2 practice permits issued by CNCAN for mining activities and related specialisations

133 6.3 Authorisation of level 2 radiation protection programmes In 2007 CNCAN has assessed and authorised the radiation protection training programme for Raw Nuclear Materials field on Radiological Safety in mining and milling of uranium and thorium ores, organised by the Nuclear Training Center of IFIN-HH during October 11th to December 14th, Licensing of documentation containing radiological safety assessments In 2007 CNCAN has assessed and approved the following documentation: Detailed radiological safety assessment updated with the radiological parameters estimated to be significant for the Repedea Poienile de sub Munte Mining Sector, Maramures County; Detailed radiological safety assessment updated with radiological and nonradiological parameters estimated to be significant for the date planned for starting the decommissioning of the Crucea de Nord Botusana (Cracu Rau), Suceava County; Detailed radiological safety assessment updated with radiological and nonradiological parameters estimated to be significant for the date planned for starting the decommissioning of the Primatar I-II Mining Sector, Neamt County; Detailed radiological safety assessment updated with radiological and nonradiological parameters estimated to be significant for the date planned for starting the decommissioning of the Mirova Mining Sector, Arad County; Detailed radiological safety assessment updated with radiological and nonradiological parameters estimated to be significant for the date planned for starting the decommissioning of the Barzava Mining Sector, Arad County. 6.5 Radiological monitoring of occupationally exposed personnel CNCAN followed up on a permanent basis the application of legal provisions regarding the individual radiological monitoring of all persons carrying out activities of mining and preparation of uranium ores, processing of nuclear raw materials and nuclear fuel manufacturing. CNCAN centralized the doses registered by all of the occupationally exposed persons that carried out the above-mentioned activities, doses not exceeding the limits permitted by the legislation in force. The preventive control activities carried out by CNCAN, as well as the limits and conditions required by the authorization process led to a reduction of the total dose and average dose registered by occupationally exposed personnel in mining and preparation of uranium ores sectors

134 10,000 8,500 8,324 8,000 6,000 6,470 6,070 4, , Number of radiation workers Collective Dose (man-sv) Fig. 6.7 Evolution of the number of professionally exposed persons in mining and milling activities and of the collective dose during Fig. 6.8 Average effective dose for professionally exposed personnel in mining and milling activities during MDL >50.0 Fig. 6.9 Distribution of collective dose in

135 6.6 Environment monitoring and recovery CNCAN has verified in field and requested periodical reports on decommissioning and environment recovery works according to the decommissioning plans and the conditions imposed by CNCAN licences for decommissioning of the Avram Iancu, Dobrei, Natra, Ciudanovita and Ranusa mines. During 2007, environmental radioactivity outside controlled areas in which mining and milling activities, including decommissioning, have been deployed, did not exceed the natural ionizing radiation background. Gaseous and liquid effluents emissions resulted from mining and milling activities have been below the derived emission limits set by CNCAN licences. Fig Dump anchorage during an uranium mine decommissioning 6.7 Control Activities CNCAN has performed 11 inspections to the mining and milling facilities and nuclear fuel manufacturing facilities, both before issuing licences and unannounced, during the validity term of the licences. The inspections have been finalised by inspection reports including 26 regulatory dispositions. Main objectives of the performed inspections have been: verifying conformity of the field situation with the licensing documentation; verifying the implementation of the legal provisions and of the licence limits and conditions;

136 verifying the correctness of measurements and records of radiological monitoring of the professionally exposed personnel, of the environment in controlled and surveyed areas, and of the gaseous and liquid effluents released into the environment Fig Yearly distribution of the number inspections to mining and milling facilities performed by CNCAN during Fig Inspection of underground mining activities Fig Inspection of uranium mining activities unloading of uranium ore trolley

137 Fig Inspection of nuclear fuel manufacturing activities Fig Inspection of decommissioning of the uranium mining facilities closure of an ore pit 6.8 CNCAN Databases CNCAN has updated its databases regarding mining and milling activities, nuclear fuel manufacturing activities and management of low activity radioactive waste resulted from this activities, including information on the licences issued by CNCAN and on owners of level 2 and 3 practice permits. Fig Database Licences and inspections for uranium mining and milling activities

138 CNCAN has collected and submitted to IAEA data related to the nuclear fuel cycle facilities to be used for the NFCIS Nuclear Fuel Cycle Information System Database. 6.9 Main CNCAN objectives regarding uranium mining and milling activities in 2008 Completion of the regulatory framework for mining activities and development and publication in the Official Gazette of the Guide on periodic security assessment of the radioactive waste storage ponds resulted from the preparation of uranium and/or thorium ores. Revision of the Radiological safety norms regarding operational radiation protection in uranium mining and milling activities, according to the European Community recommendations made in the PHARE Project RO , and publication of the norms in the Official Gazette; Training of CNCAN personnel involved in licensing and surveillance of the mining activities by participation in the envisaged project Ensuring radiological safety in uranium mining and milling facilities, to be co-financed by the European Commission and CNCAN; 6.10 Training of CNCAN personnel involved in licensing and surveillance of uranium mining and milling activities CNCAN personnel involved in licensing and surveillance of the mining and milling activities have participated to the International Conference on Environmental Radioactivity organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna, on April 23 27, 2007, presenting the poster entitled Legal framework regulating the closing and decommissioning of the mining facilities and environment rehabilitation Case study: Decommissioning of uranium mines and rehabilitation of Banat area, Romania. Fig International Conference on Environmental Radioactivity Vienna, April

139 Chapter 7 - Ionising Radiations Applications 7.1 CNCAN authorisation and control apply to the following activities in the nuclear field: manufacturing, placing and construction, supplying, renting, transfer, manipulation, possession, processing, treatment, use, temporary or final storage, transport, transit, import and export of radiological installations, radioactive materials, radioactive waste and ionising radiation generating devices; manufacturing, supplying and use of the dosimetric control apparatus and of the ionising radiations detection systems, of materials and devices used for the protection against ionising radiations, as well as of means of containing or transportation, specially fit out for this purpose; producing of the goods and services for radiation sources, dosimetric control apparatus, ionising radiation detection systems, materials and devices used for the protection against ionising radiation CNCAN activity objectives for 2007 For 2007, CNCAN objectives were the following: ensuring an adequate level of safety and security of radioactive sources; prevention of loss of control over radioactive sources; minimising the risk of arising incidents and radiological consequences; radioprotection of patients, professionally exposed personnel and population; record of the dose received by the professionally exposed personnel. 7.2 Assuring monitoring for activities, radiological installations, radiation sources, professionally exposed personnel and doses received by the professionally exposed personnel According to the attributions that occur by the provisions of the Law 111/1996, republished in the Official Gazette, part I, No. 552 from on the safe deployment, regulation, licensing and control of nuclear activities, by the fundamental Norms on radiological safety and by the Norms regarding orphan sources and the control of high activity closed sources, CNCAN must institute and coordinate: the national system of accountability and control of nuclear materials; the national system of accountability and control of radiation sources and of radiological nuclear installations; the registry of radiation doses received by the professionally exposed personnel

140 In the EVNUC database, which is managed by the Ionising Radiations Direction, information is stored on requests addressed to the direction (date of receipt, repartition, status etc.), economical agents which perform activities in the nuclear field (type of activity, place of activity, radiological installations and radiation sources involved in the nuclear activity etc.), authorisations issued (type of authorisation, authorised radiological installations or radiation sources, authorisation conditions), controls performed (CNCAN personnel, controlled economical agent, dispositions following the control etc.), sanctions, authorised personnel for performing nuclear activities (permits of practice, area of expertise, specialisation, extension of permit), radiological incidents or accidents etc. At the present, with the support of this database, the following processes are being carried out: tracking solicitation records, their repartition and resolving means, the national inventory of ionising radiations sources and the national dose registry. Radiation sources accountability needs to be perfected by creating a new database which would correspond to the current requirements of the International Atomic Energy Agency and of the European Union within the frame of a project which has been approved by the European Commission. This national system of operational accountancy must be capable of recording the movement of high activity closed sources, including their transfer. The technical specifications for such a system were compiled with the support of EU experts, as a result of a PHARE project, with starting the public acquisition procedure as the following step. Presently in Romania a number of 3977 economical agents from Romania and 83 economical agents from abroad perform activities in the nuclear field. Activities performed involve the use of radiological installations fields of activity: in various Medicine o therapy; o diagnosis; Interve ntional radiology Industry o non-destructive control; o process and quality control; o spectrometry; o difractometry; Education and research Preventive control at the boarders

141 County VS VR VL TR TM TL SV SM SJ SB PH OT NT MS MM MH IS IL IF HR HD GR GL GJ DJ DB CV CT CS CL CJ BZ BV BT BR BN BH BC Bucharest AR AG AB Number of License Holders for Ionizing Radiation, in Romania Fig. 7.1 Distribution of economical agents by county

142 District District 5 District 4 District 3 District District Number of License Holder s for Ionizing Radiation, in Bucharest Fig. 7.2 Distribution of economical agents in Bucharest by district. Number of radiological installations authorised for use by CNCAN for various practices is presented in Table 7.1. Table 7.1 Practices and involved radiological installations Practices which involve use of radiological installations No. of installations involved Radiology: dental radiology 1001 radio-diagnosis and interventional radiology 1890 Radiotherapy equipment for superficial/in-depth therapy 31 linear accelerators 8 teletherapy 15 manual brachytherapy remote brachytherapy Nuclear medicine diagnosis and therapy 51 Industrial radiography gammagraphy with radioactive sources ( 192 Ir, 75 Se, 60 Co etc.) 234 radiography with X-ray generators 335 accelerators 3 Irradiators 3 Equipment with radioactive sources

143 Table 7.1 Practices and involved radiological installations Practices which involve use of radiological No. of installations installations involved fixed 242 portable/mobile 18 portable for detection of narcotics, contraband substances, etc. 23 installations for radioactive logging 46 Analyzers (industrial and research areas): X-ray diffractions 41 X-ray fluorescence and spectroscopy 77 Research (industrial and university laboratories): Closed sources and radiation generators 64 Radioisotope production 2 Veterinary radiology (diagnosis) 5 Equipment for luggage and container control Evaluation of solicitations submitted to CNCAN During 2007, a number of 9548 solicitations were made. December 779 November October September August July June May 956 April March February 960 January Fig. 7.3 Number of solicitations recorded on a monthly basis in 2007 All registered solicitations were analysed with regard to their content, conformity with

144 applicable regulations and were solved accordingly by: authorisation or permit issues; notes of request for completions or clarifications; records in the accountancy program; control dispositions. Deadline for response to the addresses sent by the solicitors/ authorization holders is maximum 30 days. Record and control of the resolving mode for registered solicitations is electronically kept in the database. On the basis of this record, an analysis of the direction s personnel activity is being performed and actions for improvement are made Legal time to response 500 ons o. of so licitati N Days to response Fig. 7.4 Analysis of the time of response to solicitations Periodically analyses are made over the situation of authorisations for radiological installations and of personnel with responsibilities and corrective actions are taken. Another component of the control process for activities undertaken is also the analysis of reports from the authorised radiological equipment suppliers. In 2007, a number of 152 inquests of office were issued for the information of the beneficiaries upon the obligations developed for the fulfilment of legal provisions following the analyses of the reports regarding equipment delivery and for the clarification of the unauthorized installations situation. The most frequent situations outside the provisions in place are: agents with expired authorisations;

145 equipment annulations which have not been reported and fed into the CNCAN accountancy; expired permits for personnel with responsibilities. 7.4 Authorisation of activities involving radiological installations Legal requirements for the detailed general radiological safety requirements issued by CNCAN on the basis of provisions of Law 111/1996 republished with ulterior modifications and completions establish the specific requirements which must be fulfilled for the authorisation of every practice/activity which involve the use of ionising radiation sources. Com m issioning De pos iting Construction Re gis tration Certification Validation Expedition ASR Manufacturing Re nting Transfer Manipulation Transport Deccom m issioning Shipm ent Supplying without ASR Supplying Im port Expor t Ownership Operation Siting - Construction Fig. 7.5 Number of authorisations issued by type of activity in

146 Types of authorisations, content of the documentation to be submitted and requirements which must be met for: obtaining every type of authorisation; prolongation of the authorisation; modification of the valid authorisations; cease of activity; are stipulated in the norm for radiological safety authorisation procedures. CNCAN maintains the accountability of authorisations, their due date and data related to the authorisation holders. In 2007 a number of 2072 authorisations were issued. The program for authorisation and control is being developed on the basis of the accountability. In 2007 a number of 115 approvals of framing in special conditions according to G.D. 246/ Authorisation of personnel On the basis of regulations issued according to the provisions of article 5 of Law 111/1996, republished in the Official Gazette, Part I no. 552 from on the safe deployment, regulation, licensing and control of nuclear activities, CNCAN is empowered to issue work permits for the professionally exposed personnel. Authorisation of personnel is being carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Norms on permits issue for nuclear activities and assigning the accredited experts on radiological protection. Practice permits are issued by the Commission (CNCAN) on the basis of an evaluation and an examination, and are classified on 3 levels. In 2007 a number of 33 examination sessions were organised, out of which 7 took place at the applicants headquarters. Also, during the aforementioned period, 1333 permits of practice were issued and 232 permit extensions were operated. Permits Level III, 0.32, 0.32% Permits Level I, 20.87, 20.87% Permits Level II, 78.81, 78.81% Fig. 7.6 Status of issued Permits issued

147 The system for testing radiological safety knowledge used for issuing the permit of practice for nuclear activities was substantially modified during Thus, every candidate receives a questionnaire automatically generated in the day of the examination, by a program that randomly picks a number of 60 questions from a database containing specific questions for every area of activity and specialisation. The database contains questions concerning 23 specialisations, the number of question s for every specialisation being between 528 and TN TLTA RTT RTGD RTGF RTG RI RAD MRIVX MRIVSI MRIVSD MN IR DR CRT CNDX CNDSI AP AFX AAX AASI AASD Fig. 7.7 Situation of permits by specialisation in 2007 Sets of specific questions for every specialisation are published on the CNCAN web page. These sets are comprised of: questions, answers with ample explanations for every answer and the recommended bibliography. The computer program for the generation of the questionnaires and the database with the questions were developed by the personnel of the direction. In this manner the objectives for anterior years were fulfilled: personalising of the testing; coverage of all necessary knowledge area; encouraging of continuous training; transparency. The new testing system was well accepted by the candidates, who especially appreciated the objectiveness, correctitude and transparency of the system

148 The manner of results analysis which is developed within the program will allow in the future the optimisation of testing the radiological safety knowledge. Specialisation TSD TLTA RTT RTGF RTGD RTG RI RAD MSD MRIVX_M MRIVX_I MRIVSI_M MRIVSI_I MRIVSD MN IRM IR CRT CNDX CNDSI AP AFX AASI Total numb er of questions Fig. 7.8 Total number of questions by specialisation 7.6 Assigning trial laboratories Audit of the quality management system instituted by the trial laboratories which apply for the assignment as notified organisms in the nuclear field and the implementation manner constitute an essential component in the evaluation of the conformity. During the audit, the following aspects are being aimed at: laboratory organisation; existence of procedures; training of personnel; endowment with measuring equipment and adequate installations. In 2007 the Quality Management System was audited, according to SR EN ISO 17025:2005, set and implemented by 19 tria l laboratories, one standardisation laboratory, one organism of certification of the quality management system and one organism of certification of products for the assignment as notified organisms for the nuclear field, according to the Norms on assignment of notified organisms for the nuclear field, approved by the Order of CNCAN president no. 274 from

149 7.7 Audit of the quality management system implemented by the radiological installations manufacturers Audit of the quality management system is being performed in conformity with the requirements of ISO Director lines for the audit of quality management and environment management systems. In 2007 audits were performed for radiological installations and radioactive sources manufacturers from Germany, England, France, USA, Italy, Korea, Finland and Sweden. Performance of the auditor teams was appreciated by the manufacturers representatives by the corrective measures which were disposed for the improvement of their own activities following CNCAN recommendations. 7.8 Patient radioprotection Following the implementation of the provisions of the 97/43 European directive regarding radioprotection of people in case of medical exposures, CNCAN disposed measures to be taken regarding the endowment of fluoroscopy installations with dose rate control devices. As a consequence, the authorisation owners have equipped the fluoroscopy installations with dose rate control devices. A number of 374 dose rate control devices were set on fluoroscopy installations. At the present moment, a number of 404 fluoroscopy installations exist in the CNCAN database. Installations which have not been equipped with dose rate control devices were sent out of use and part of them were subsequently annulled. In 2007 a number of 252 ceases of activity and 91 annulments were reported to CNCAN. Annulme nts 27% Activity ceases 73% 7.9 Training courses approvals Fig. 7.9 Status of activity ceases and of annulments Providing proper training for personnel in the field of radiological safety and its recycle, one in every five years, by means of CNCAN approved training systems, is an obligation of the authorisation owners

150 CNCAN issues practise permits to the persons proposed by the solicitors/ authorisation owners to fulfil attributions for activities in the nuclear field after the verification of initial training level and, from case to case, by courses of recycle. The examination subjects, training or recycling programs in radioprotection must be correlated with the level of practise permit and with the specificity of the practice. CNCAN evaluates the conformity of the training programs in radioprotection with the requirements from the norms, regarding the issue of practice permits for nuclear activities and the assignment of accredited experts in radiological protection with reference to: type of course (training or recycling); level of practice permit for which the course is taken; subjects approached; minimal number of hours; training and experience of the lectors; organisational skills and equipment necessary for lecturing Fig Status of issued training courses permits. In 2007, a number of eight training centres have solicited the approval of their training and/or recycling programs in radioprotection. 38 training and 52 recycling programs on radioprotection have been approved. Accountability of speciality training and in the field of radioprotection, such as participation in recycling programs is being maintained by CNCAN in the module Authorised Personnel of the database

151 Fig Accountability of authorised personnel 7.10 Notification of work at the exterior of the special precincts According to the provisions of the norm on operational radioprotection regarding the non destructive control practice with ionising radiations, each time it is possible, the penetrating rays control must be done in special precincts. In well justified situations, when this is not possible, the authorisation owner must notify and submit to CNCAN the documentation referred to the actual aggregate of works which are to be performed in the well delimited area where the non destructive control works with ionising radiation are to be performed. The submitted documentation is analysed by CNCAN with regard to the means for ensuring: radioprotection of the population and professionally exposed personnel; security of the installations and radioactive sources against theft, loss or deterioration; arrangements for authorised transportation; existence o f an radiological emergency intervention plan. In documentations sets submitted were analysed and CNCAN issued 68 agreements for performing the following(?) works of non destructive control with ionising radiations and 5 requests for works outside the special precincts were rejected due to not fulfilling the conditions regarding safety and radioprotection

152 Records with regard to notifications on works outside the special precincts, personnel involved and radiological installations used, are maintained in the EVNUC database. In 2007 no radiological incident was reported and no exceedance of the maximum dose for the professionally exposed personnel involved was recorded Participation in congresses, symposiums, technical meetings, projects At the working sessions of the 14 th edition of the AROEND Symposium which took place in Mamaia in June 2007, a team from the Ionising Radiations Direction made a series of presentations on specific aspects of radioprotection in the non destructive control with penetrating radiations works practice. In May and June, in Fleurs, Belgium, at the National Institute for Radioelements, in the frame of the European Union project Management of radioactive waste in Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania EuropeAid/121181/C/SV/Multi, took place a workshop under the presidium of the National Institute for Radioelements in Belgium. In November 2007 took place the 2 nd Congress of the Imagistic Medical Personnel in the Republic of Moldavia, with international participation. Between 21 st and 25 th of May 2007, took place the first Seminar of the EUTERP platform Qualifications and Requirements for Recognition of Radiation Protection Experts, Radiation protection Officers and Radiation Workers. The Seminar was organised with the support of the European Commission. CNCAN, in its position of personnel authorisation body, together with the representative of the Politechnical University of Bucharest, as the organiser of training programs, compiled a presentation through which: Similarities and differences between the BSS definitions and the national legislation were analysed; Minimal requirements for the competences of radioprotection expert, of the radiological safety responsible and of the worker on ionising radiations applications were defined; Romanian experience in training and recognition of competences in radioprotection was presented; Concrete proposals were made with regard to the implementation of the requirements into the national regulations. In September took place in Brasov the Regional Congress on Radioprotection - IRPA , where the CNCAN delegation took place and made presentations on radioprotection specific themes/matters

153 Fig National Congress on Radioprotection - IRPA Between the 1 st and 3 rd of October 2007 took place in Brasov, organised by IAEA, CNCAN and ISP, with the support of the Government of Romania, the third international symposium of the ALARA network, RECAN (Regional European and Central Asian ALARA Network). The symposium had six presentations and group work sessions. The basic subjects focused on the problem of implementation into practice of the principle of optimisation (ALARA). A number of 45 specialists in the nuclear field participated, covering a wide range, from practices to governmental regulatory and control organisations; in total, 21 countries from Europe and Central Asia were represented. Romania had the most specialists, 13 in total, out of which CNCAN had 8, 5 of them having remarkable contributions in the working groups and 3 were coming from the managers and technical staff of the symposium Regulatory activity In 2007 was elaborated and is now in the stage of public debate the Guide on radioprotection in dental radiology. For the public debate of this normative project, a round table as organised within the National Conference on Dentomaxillofacial Radiology at the Providenta Conference Centre in Iasi, and also a seminar on Dental imagistic between desiderate and reality

154 7.13 Public information with regard to radioprotection and radiological safety In accordance with the provisions of Law 544/2001 regarding the free access to information was published on the CNCAN web page and up-to-date maintenance is being performed to information on: list of accredited experts in radioprotection; list of authorised companies for the manipulation of radiological installations; projects of normative acts for public debate; list of centres that organise training courses on radioprotection; list of experts on medical physics; sets of questions for the examination regarding the Level 2 permit of practice Control of activities involving radiological installations The activity of inspection of radiological activities, according to the provisions of Law 111/1996, republished in the Official Gazette, Part I, No. 552/ , is being performed on the basis of the control procedure PC-DRI-01, revision 6 / The control activity is being planned for every CNCAN deputy, by monthly control plans approved by the president of CNCAN, which are then transmitted to every inspector for the carrying out of his/her activities General aspects of the control of objectives containing radiological installations verification of authorisations validity for all radiological activities performed and of the concor dances between data from the authorisations and the real situation (identification data for the owner, place of radiological activity, installations, radiation sources, responsible staff, etc.); verification of limits and conditions in the annexes of the authorisations and of their deadlines; verification of the fulfilment of dispositions from anterior PVCs or of the requests formally transmitted by CNCAN; verification of the objective s file, if kept in a corresponding manner and if contains all documents regarding the activities performed, including PVCs and dispositions given by other control bodies; verification of existence of technical books for radiological installations and their actualisation according to the performed repairs and verifications; verification of existence of a contractual relationship with an accredited expert on radioprotection; existence of a quality assurance program and of an operational radioprotection program; tracking of completion on site of the requirements on radiological activities, laid down by the legislation and regulations in force and included in the documentation on the basis of which the authorisation was issued; verification of the permits of practice (owner s name, level I or II, validity, area of expertise, unit, etc.) for the whole personnel of that respective unit;

155 individual dosimetry (type, certified accountability of individual dosimetry, data with regard to dose exceedance and maximum admitted concentrations in the working areas as well as records of the periodic medical check); radioprotection equipment of the professionally exposed personnel and, from case to case, of the patients; equipment with dosimetric apparatus and records of dosimetric measurements, of the sketches with the measurement points, signed by the accredited expert, surveillance of radiation fields, means of warning, validity of metrological visas, etc.; radioprotection of professionally exposed personnel; radioprotection of professionally non-exposed personnel; radioprotection of patients; radioprotection of the population; radioprotection of the surrounding areas; management and disposal of the sources; work with installations, X-rays generators and/or external sources; work outside the irradiation precincts; management of radioactive waste; records of materials which have to undergo the safeguards control; technical verification of the installations (bulletins of technical verification, service contracts, etc.); statute of activity; emergency plan; control of access in the controlled, respectively surveyed areas; request for the unique control registry for the units forced by the law to have such a registry, and the accordance of its data; preparing the PVC and the questionnaire chart, specific to the type of the controlled unit; establishing the corrective and preventive necessary measures and of th dispositions of control which are imposed, including of their deadlines in order to minimise the radiological risk Closing Session Presentation of the PVC for signatures and of the conclusions of the control; Applying the sanctions: making the PVC for finding of the contravention; making the resolution for sanction application with regard to: - gravity of the described found fact; - attitude of the contravening person: admits; does not admit. - recurrence of contraventions and eventual antecedents CNCAN team of inspectors Consists of 13 resident inspectors in the territory and 6 inspectors in CNCAN headquarters in Bucharest

156 Fig Repartition of resident inspectors and corresponding counties In controls were performed in the following areas of activity: medical (68%) industrial (25 %) other applications - 98 (7 %) Industrial 25% Other applications 7% Medical 68% Fig Controls performed in

157 200 Controls numbers January February March April May June July August September October November December District 5, 42, 20% Fig Number of controls performed in 2007 District 6, 13, 6% District 1, 59, 29% District 4, 13, 6% District 3, 29, 14% District 2, 51, 25% Fig Distribution of inspections in Bucharest Fig Activity of control in medical radiological installations

158 Number of Dispositions Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Type 5 Type 1: Authorisation, conformity with laws and norms; Type 2: Legality; Type 3: Dosimetric monitoring (individual, area, contamination etc.), metrological verification, calibration of dosimetric apparatus, protection equipment Type 4: Records of installations, periodical technical testing, radiological safety and security, quality assurance Type 5: Reports, notifications Fig Types of dispositions of control recorded in the PVCs Authorisation, conformity with laws and norms: 2305 Legality: 1623 Dosimetric monitoring (individual, area, contamination etc.), metrological verification, calibration of dosimetric apparatus, protection equipment: 2715 Records of installations, periodical technical testing, radiological safety and security, quality assurance: 2341 Reports, notifications: 1507 RON. In 2007 a number of 55 sanctions were applied, with a total value of A value of RON was paid, coming from fines, representing 65% of the total value; Contestations in justice were made or sent to the public finance directions for forced execution of fines with a value of RON, representing 35%. Other sanctions: Notice to penal inquiry bodies 7 Disciplinary sanctions 10 Suspended authorisations 5 Suspended and/or withdrawn permits 4 Suspension of activity and inalienation by seals

159 Aspects resulted from the control activity Several thematic inspection campaigns took place, having as objectives: Application of the provision of Order 266/2006 on hiring medical physicians or experts in medical physics in medical units; Equipping of investigation posts of the roentgen-diagnosis installations with dose rate measurement devices for patients in medical units; Monitoring of equipping with individual digital dosimeters with direct reading in industrial units for non-destructive control. Measure plans for the authorisation owners in medical units were imposed for hiring medical physicians or medical physi cs experts as well as the interdiction to use roentgen-diagnosis installations with scopy posts without dose rate measurement devices for patients. There is a wide range of both positive and negative aspects coming out of the control activity, out of which the following can be highlighted: Partial knowledge and misinterpretation of the provisions of the norms on radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy with regard to the attributions of the staff responsible with radiological safety, as well as of the authorisation owners; Institution and application of the Operational Programs on Radioprotection in ore and mor e radiology laboratories; Low interest in dose records for patients and in clinic dosimetry; Breaching of procedures described in the manual on quality management; Not knowing or non understanding of the principles of radioprotection; Not performing exercises response to incidents on a periodic basis; Not updating of service procedures in accordance with the provisions of the new norms; Existence of installations (radiological, medical or industrial) or of sources and radioactive material, not declared by their owners of by the ones who take over their ownership, which, by legal means or by constrains, have conducted to the entrance into legality in what regards their ownership or use. In case of the units in one of the following situations: bankruptcy, division between economical agents or cease of activity, specific measures were taken for maintaining of the control over the legal status of the radiological installations or of th e radiation sources that were part of these units. PVCs and contravention ones are transmitted to CNCAN headquarters, where they are recorded in written and electronic forming the EVNUC database, which is managed by DRI Training of inspectors and experience exchange This achieved by individual study, internal training sessions, courses and seminars organised by different internal and international organisations, etc. Thus, DRI inspectors participated in the following scientific events:

160 Seminar within the frame of PHARE Project on Regulations and Management of Closed Sources Bucharest, CNCAN 1 inspector; IRPA Congress Brasov 10 inspectors; Conference on Nuclear Physics in Iasi, organised by the European Physics Union 4 inspectors; 5 th Balcanic Conference on Nuclear Physics Bodrum-Turkey 2 inspectors; European School of Medical Physics Archamps France - 1 inspector; Course on Nuclear English 3 inspectors; B ilateral visits with experts from Bulgaria and the Republic of Moldavia 10 inspectors. Fig The EVNUC database Between the 22 nd and 25 th of May 2007 took place in Suceava the annual session of training and reporting of the inspectors from DRI, with the international participation of similar experts from the institution of regulation and control of nuclear activities in Bulgaria. Fig CNCAN inspectors annual session of training and reporting

161 7.16 The national dose registry In accordance with the provisions of the Fundamental Norms on Radiological Safety (2000), professionally exposed personnel are divided in two categories: category A comprises professionally exposed personnel for which there is a significant probability of receiving an effective dose higher than three tenths out of 20 msv. The authorisation owner must ensure the systematic monitoring of exposure to radiation of all category A professionally exposed personnel; category B comprises the other professionally exposed personnel. Individual monitoring of category B professionally exposed person shall have as an objective the demonstration of correct placement of workers within this category, following that afterwards this will not be necessary anymore. The professionally exposed are being monitored by accredited bodies for individual dosimetry. On the basis of information received from the accredited bodies for individual dosimetry, estimation was made of the number of the professionally exposed and of the collective dose. CNCAN has organised the centralised accountancy of doses for the p rofessionally exposed personnel by initiating the NATIONAL DOSE REGISTRY, in which results of individual monitoring sent by the authorisation owners and by the accredited bodies for dosimetry act as inputs. Table 7.2 synthetically presents results of the individual dosimetry between 2001 and 2007, pictured through values of the collected dose and measured in man msv units, number of workers dosimetrically supervised in every year, as well as the values of annual average dose resulted from dividing the collective dose to the number of workers. As it can be observed from the comparative graphics on areas of activity, presented below, the relatively higher values of the annual average dose from 2005 (2,12 msv) and 2007 (1,84 msv) are generated by the contribution of higher values of the average dose recorded in 2005 in industry (in industrial radiography) and respectively 2007 in medicine (in interventional radiology). Synthetic values for years are presented in the figures below, in order to highlight the evolution of annual average dose and of the number of professionally exposed personnel in that period to ionising radiations. In the following five figures below are presented the values of the average dose and of the number of professionally exposed personnel to ionising radiations for years 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and

162 Table 7.2 Results of individual dosimetry performed between , pictured through values of the collective dose measured in units Average dose (msv) Year No. of dosimetrically Collective dose For all For doses over supervised (man msv) supervised the minimal limit workers workers for detection ,0 1,32 1, ,2 0,94 1, ,4 0,99 1, ,7 1,11 1, ,6 1,07 2, ,1 0,81 1, ,8 0,93 1, Nuclear M edicine Industry Education, research, inspection No. of professionally exposed Mining Average dose (msv) Fig Number of professionally exposed personnel and the average dose on domains of activity for Nuclear M edicine Industry Education, research, inspection No. of professionally exposed Mining Average dose (msv) Fig Number of professionally exposed personnel and the average dose on domains of activity for

163 Fig Number of professionally exposed personnel and the average dose on domains of activity for Nuclear M edicine Industry Education, research, inspection No. of professionally exposed M ining Average dose (msv) 0 Detailed data could be synthesized at national level once the Norms on individual dosimetry came into force, by approval through Order No. 180 from 5 th of September 2002 of the CNCAN president, published in the Official Gazette of Romania no. 769 bis from 22 nd of October Thus, from data reported for y ears by the accredited bodies for individual dosimetry, tendencies of the evolution of collective dose, of average dose and of number of professionally exposed personnel to ionising radiations can be highlighted, and they are presented in the figures below for five main areas in which nuclear activities are performed: the nuclear fuel cycle (nuclear reactors, nuclear fuel fabrication and scientific research in t he nuclear field), medicine (radio-diagnosis and radiotherapy), industry ( industrial radiography for most applications), education (mainly superior studies and scientific research) and mining (brute nuclear material) Collective Dose (man*msv) Nuclear Medicine Industry Education, research, inspection Mining Fig Evolution of the collective dose on areas of activity

164 7 6 Average dose (msv) Nuclear Medicine Industry Education, research, inspection Mining Fig. 7.25Evolution of average dose on areas of activity No. of professionally exposed Nuclear Medicine Industry Education, research, inspection Mining Fig. 7.26Evolution of the number of professionally exposed personnel on areas of activity istributions on dose interval of the values of the collective dose recorded for the main areas of activity (medical, industrial and nucle ar) are presented in the figures below for the years The common feature for these distributions is their normal shape (approximately Gaussian), centred on the 1 5 msv interval for the medical field, on the 1 10 msv interval for the industr ial field, and on the 2 5 msv interval for nuclear research and nuclear fuel fabrication field. The distribution on dose intervals of the values of the collective dose recorded in the industrial field also shows a particular terminal form, which differs from the other areas of activity and is flagged at world level, for the msv dose interval, situated in the vicinity of the maximum allowed limit. Distributions on dose intervals of the number of professionally exposed personnel from the same areas of activity for the years , presented in the

165 figures below, highlight (with emphasis on the medical field), the existence of a relatively large number of professionally exposed personnel with doses in the 0 0,2 msv interval, compared to the personnel whose doses are found in the other intervals. These features are maintained also for 2007, therefore the necessity of re- of matching into category A of professionally exposed personnel to ionising evaluation radiations can be concluded, at least for some certain sub-areas of activity, such as dental radiology, mammography, osteo-densiometry or even general classical radiology but not interventional radiology. At the same time, the distribution of professionally exposed personnel number in Cernavoda NPP was presented, as well as the collective dose on dose intervals Collective dose (man*msv) Dose interval (msv) Fig Collective dose distribution in the nuclear field an*msv) Collective Dose (m > Dos e range (m Sv) Fig Collective dose distribution in the industrial field

166 Dose interval ( msv) Fig Distribution of the number of professionally exposed personnel in the medical field by dose intervals No, of professionally expo se d > 50 Dose interval (msv) Fig Distribution of the number of professionally exposed personnel in the industrial field by dose intervals

167 Dose interval (msv) Fig Distribution of the number of professionally exposed personnel in the nuclear field (except Cernavoda NPP) by dose intervals No. of professionally exposed Medicine Industry Nuclear (except NPP) Mining Education, research NPP (own workers) NPP (external workers) Dose interval (msv) NPP (external workers) NPP (own workers) Education, research Mining Nuclear (except NPP) Industry Medicine Fig Distribution of the number of professionally exposed personnel by dose intervals in

168 6000 No. of professionally exposed > 50 Medicine Industry Nuclear (except NPP) Mining Education, research NPP (own workers) NPP (external workers) Dose interval (msv) NPP (external workers) NPP (own workers) Education, research Mining Nuclear (except NPP) Industry Medicine Fig Distribution of the number of professionally exposed personnel by dose intervals in No. of professionally exposed > 50 Medicine Industry Nuclear (except NPP) Mining Education, research NPP (own workers) NPP (external workers) Dose interval (msv) NPP (external workers) NPP (own workers) Education, research Mining Nuclear (except NPP) Industry Medicine Fig Distribution of the number of professionally exposed personnel by dose intervals in

169 6000 No. of professionally exposed NPP (own workers) (2007) NPP (external workers) (2007) NPP (own workers) (2006) NPP (external workers) (2006) NPP (own workers) (2005) NPP (external workers) (2005) Dose interval (msv) NPP (external workers) (2005) NPP (own workers) (2005) NPP (external workers) (2006) NPP (own workers) (2006) NPP (external workers) (2007) NPP (own workers) (2007) Fig Distribution of the number of professionally exposed personnel from Cernavoda NPP by dose intervals in 2005, 2006 and 2007 Medicine Industry Collective dose (man*msv) Nuclear (except NPP) Research Mining NPP (own workers) NPP (external workers) Dose interval (msv) NPP (external workers) NPP (own workers) Mining Research Nuclear (except NPP) Industry Medicine Fig Distribution of collective dose in

170 Medicine 3000 Industry 2500 Nuclear (except NPP) 2000 Research 1500 Mining > 50 NPP (own workers) NPP (external workers) Dose interval (msv) NPP (external workers) NPP (own workers) Mining Research Nuclear (except NPP) Industry Medicine Fig Distribution of collective dose in 2006 Medicine Industry Nuclear (except NPP) Research Mining NPP (own workers) > 50 NPP (external workers) Dose interval (msv) NPP (external workers) NPP (own workers) Mining Research Nuclear (except NPP) Industry Medicine Fig Distribution of collective dose in

171 NPP (own workers) (2007) NPP (external workers) (2007) NPP (own workers) (2006) NPP (external workers) (2006) NPP (own workers) (2005) NPP (external workers) (2005) Dose interval (msv) NPP (external workers) (2005) NPP (own workers) (2005) NPP (external workers) (2006) NPP (own workers) (2006) NPP (external workers) (2007) NPP (own workers) (2007) Fig Distribution of collective dose in 2005, 2006 and 2007 (Cernavodă NPP) Doses received by the professionally exposed personnel to ionising radiations were within the prescribed limits admitted by the international norms; the recorded and reported exceptions, in a relatively low number, are being analysed below Notices regarding exceedance of maximum admitted dose Between , 88 notices regarding maximum admitted dose exceedance for the professionally exposed personnel, and between January November 2006 there was only one notice. Generally the incidents were not major and were mainly due to breaching the radioprotection regulations. The registered dose for the personnel involved was above the values imposed by the regulations in place in 9 cases, out of which only in 4 cases, reported in 2005, the summed dose on the last 12 months would be situated at over 50 msv, around the value of 55 msv ± 10%. The finalised investigations in the 4 cases lead to the conclusion of dose recording in the absence of the photo-dosimeter carrier, caused by negligence of professionally indiscipline of the latest. Such investigations involve, regularly, next to the participation of competent authorities with delegation established by normative acts, and the technical support given to the authorisation owner by the accredited expert on radioprotection with whom the contract is made

172 Fig Notices regarding overdoses between

173 Cap. 8 CNCAN s Emergency Response Centre activities 8.1 Responsibilities in preparing, planning and intervention in case of a nuclear or radiological emergency In conformity with the legal provisions, CNCAN participates at interventions with its own emergency organization and with its representatives designated in the national emergency situations management structures. In order to fulfil its specific functions, CNCAN s emergency organization is assembled and works inside the CNCAN Emergency Response Centre, which is a specialized operational structure, with attributions in managing the nuclear and/or radiological emergency situations. The CNCAN Emergency Response Centre was organized based on the CNCAN s President Order no. 399/ , as an operational emergency situations centre inside the National Emergency Situations Management System (HG no. 69/2007 regarding the modification and completion of the CNCAN functioning and organization Rule approved by HG. 1627/2003). CNCAN s Emergency Response Centre works as a technical support group for CNCAN and for its representatives in the national intervention structures in case of a nuclear accident or a radiological emergency. CNCAN s Emergency Response Centre assures the national competent authority independent analyze and formulates recommendations for the intervention coordination national structure. The activities of CNCAN s Emergency Response Centre are structured on working groups in the following domains: communications and information exchange, nuclear safety, radioprotection, public information, laboratory and in field radioactivity measurements. The main functions of CNCAN in emergency situations are: Initial notification and information exchange between its emergency organization and the National Operational Centre, International community information trough IAEA, inside the nuclear accidents and radiological emergency Fast Notification Convention; trough information is understood initial notification and information exchange during the entire duration of the emergency situation, International assistance request for Romania, trough IAEA, inside the Assistance in case of nuclear accident or radiological emergency Convention, Information of the states with which Romania has bilateral agreements in the fast notification of nuclear accidents or radiological emergency field; trough information is understood initial notification and information exchange during the entire duration of the emergency situation,

174 Elaboration of nuclear safety analyzes regarding the technical state of the affected nuclear installations, based on permanent information exchange with it, during the entire duration of the emergency situation, Elaboration of radiological safety analyses regarding the technical state of the affected radiological installations or in the case of radioactive materials transportation accidents, based on permanent information exchange, Elaboration of evaluation analyzes regarding the radiological consequences over the population, the professionally exposed workers and the environment in order to formulate recommendations of protective measures for the population, Administration, if it is the case, of its own radioactivity measurements, in order to support its nuclear safety analyses and the radiological consequences evaluations. In normal situations, inside CNCAN s Emergency Response Centre works the National Contact Point with IAEA, in conformity with the provisions of The Assistance and Notification Convention at which Romania is part (Decree no. 223/ ), CNCAn s functions are as defined in IAEA ENATOM 2004 document: The National warning point for nuclear accidents or radiological emergencies The competent national authority for nuclear accidents or radiological emergencies on the Romanian territory The competent national authority for nuclear accidents or radiological emergencies which take place in other countries, with possible consequences on the Romanian territory In normal conditions, CNCAN s Emergency Response Centre assures the preparing and planning activities of CNCAN for emergency situations and participates, together with national and international partner institutions at organizing and conducting intervention exercises for nuclear accidents and radiological emergencies situations. 8.2 Modernizations at CNCAN s Emergency Response Centre In 2007, CNCAN finalized the implementation of The PHARE project, Technical Assistance for the Romanian Regulatory Emergency Centre, RO , for the development of the material base at its Emergency Centre. The project included tow components: a component for studding the architecture of the Emergency Centre and the needed equipments and human resources (December 2005 November 2006) and a component for equipment and computation technology acquisition for the operation of the Emergency Centre (August ). An important component inside the Project is represented by the development of communications with national institutions and international organisms with which

175 CNCAN exchanges information in emergency situations. In conformity with the provisions resulted from the Auction File and other documents generated inside the Project (e.g. The study for optimization of CNCAN s Emergency Centre architecture), CNCAN has to develop and maintain at the Emergency Centre multiple Internet access systems with secure band. Fig. 8.1 Portable radiation detection equipment coupled with GPS system and GPRS data transmission system In this sense, inside the Project costs were provided for the communication equipments needed for accessing the internet trough the earth system, using the mobile telephony GSM operators and the satellite system RBGAN. The communication systems were installed at the Centre and the costs for maintenance and the commutation ticket are the responsibility of CNCAN. Also, inside the project connections using the internet network are provided for on-line data transfer between CNCAN s Emergency Response Centre and other operative centres of the national system: Cernavoda NPP, National Meteorology Administration (ANM), National Environment Protection Agency (ANPM), General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations. For realizing the connections a series of collaboration protocols with partner institutions were elaborated, regarding information exchange in emergency situations. In 2007 Collaboration Protocols were signed with ANM for access to the meteorological data and prognoses and with Cernavoda NPP for access to the nuclear installation parameters state, during 2008 the protocol with the National Environment Protection Agency (ANPM) is to by finalized and signed to allow the access in real time to the radiological data from the national territory

176 Fig. 8.2 Server for the communication and computers network of CNCAN s CU control Inside the Project redundant electricity supply systems were installed for the communication equipments and for the computation technique, in case the national electricity network is damaged. Fig. 8.3 The DIESEL generator for CNCAN s Emergency Response Centre energy supply, in case the national energy supply network is lost 8.3 The medium term operation strategy for CNCAN s Emergency Response Centre, during As a result inside the Project, CNCAN representatives elaborated, based on international experts recommendations, a medium term strategy regarding the endowment and application of the European and international demands in the fields of preparation, planning and intervention in case of nuclear accidents or radiological emergencies. In CNCAN s view, the Emergency Response Centre has to be a state of the art modern and capable unit for fast notification and information exchange with national and international organisms with responsibilities in nuclear accidents and radiological emergencies situations. So, the objective of the Strategy for operation of

177 CNCAN s Emergency Response Centre is to become a reference document, which contains the general approach and the future organization, administration, human resources, professional training, utilization, maintenance and development activities plan of the Centre. The medium term operation strategy ( ) was officially adopted by CNCAN s President Order no. 93/ Regulations in the field of surveillance of metallic waste radioactive content In 2007, CNCAN s Radiological Emergency Office conducted the development of one of the components inside the PHARE Project RO 2004/ Technical assistance to the Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (CNCAN) to improve the management of high activity sealed radioactive sources (SRS), including spent sealed radioactive sources (SSRS) and orphan sources. The tired component of the Project Drafting regulations concerning the import of scrap metal and installation of radiation monitoring equipment at scrap metal facilities and transit points consisted in the elaboration of a regulation regarding the control of import, collection and conditioning of metallic wastes in order to evaluate there radioactive content and avoid the faulty manipulation of possible orphan radioactive sources on the Romanian territory. Inside the Project technical meetings were held with the Romanian Metallurgical Factories representatives as well as with the representatives of the central authorities (National Customs Agency, Economy Ministry) and other important metallic waste collecting companies. The existing problems were identified and based on them regulations were elaborated which include also the European and international recommendations in this field. Also, inside the Project a catalogue containing the cabinets with sources and the radioactive sources which could be found in the collected metallic wastes was realized and will be posted on CNCAN s web page and published in order to be distributed to the metallic wastes collecting companies, to the metallurgic factories and to the customs, as a support material in the visual inspection of metallic wastes. 8.5 Representation inside the national and international structures for the preparing and planning in the field of emergency situations Representation in relation with the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations (IGSU) and with the National Committee for Emergency Situations (CNSU) In 2007, CNCAN representatives from the Radiological Emergency Office participated at the activities developed by IGSU and CNSU in the field of planning and preparing for emergency situations. The most important activities were: Participation at the working group for critic infrastructure protection; Presentation at CSNU (March 2007) of the state of the collaboration protocols with partner institutions;

178 Participation at the preparing meetings, at the development and evaluation of the national exercise for protection and intervention in the influents area of Koslodui NPP OLTENIA 2007 ; Participation at IGSU meetings for actualization of the intervention and protection plans at county and national level Representation in relation with IAEA and the European Commission In 2007, CNCAN representatives from the Radiological Emergency Office participated at the activities developed inside the following international missions: IAEA Missions: Experts Group on the Background Paper on Regional Profile document for Europe, Viena, Austria, July At the technical working meeting reference documents regarding the Regional Profile of the Member States were analyzed, including the preparation and response in case of nuclear and/or radiological emergency component, based on the data received form the Member States. CNCAN representative analyzed the existing situation and identified wick points and well developed elements in preparing for emergency situations field, at European level, as well as collaboration and regional cooperation opportunities between the member states. Based on the evaluation, CNCAN representative elaborated a needed action plane to be developed in the future ( ), at regional level, in the preparing and intervention in case of a nuclear accident or a radiological emergency field. There were identified many aspects, in the preparing and intervention in case of a nuclear accident or a radiological emergency field, which need to be approached in the next period, for the cooperation at regional level: the harmonization of the specific regulation, specific medical assistance (in case of supra-exposure or radioactive contamination), information exchange in the region (radiological data from the national environment radioactivity surveillance systems), cooperation in case of emergency situations (working teams to act in the region, for supporting the local forces medical teams, radiological monitoring teams, radioprotection experts teams, civil protection forces, etc.), public information, preparing and perfection of the intervention personnel. The conclusions of the mission are to be considered in the elaboration, by the IAEA, of the strategies and development programs for period. Review and update the Integrated Regulatory Review Service (IRRS) questionnaire on Emergency Preparedness and Response, Viena, Austria, Decembrie At the technical working meeting IAEA s IRRS (Integrated Regulatory Review Service) missions reference document were analyzed, including the general questions questioner for the regulatory authorities of the Member States. The fundamental questions were identified, that need to be included in the specific

179 questioner dedicated to the preparing and planning for nuclear and/or radiological emergencies field, questions that need to be tuck into account in the IAEA IRRS missions, when the nuclear regulatory authorities activities are evaluated. The conclusions of the mission and the questioner proposed by the CNCAN representative will be considered in the elaboration, by IAEA, of the future IRRS missions CE Missions : Participation, in environment radioactivity measurements field, at the programs developed by the European Commission having as a theme the way of implementation of EURATOM s Treaty Articles (Luxembourg, October 2007). Inside the technical working meeting the verification missions of Articles 35-36, effectuated by the European Commission during , the European requirements regarding the environment radioactivity and radioactive effluents discharge from the authorized nuclear installations monitoring, the result of the incorporations in the environmental factors and foods radioactivity analyses field and the plans for future incorporation exercises were presented. Participation in the preparing and planning for emergency situation field working group of the European Commission formed in December 2007 Working Group on Emergency Preparedness and Action Levels (Bonn, Germania, December 2007). The foundation of a working group in preparing and planning for nuclear and/or radiological emergency situation field was decided inside the high level meeting hold in Paris, 29 May 2007, where all the Nuclear Regulatory Authorities leaders have participated. The Member States representatives manifested there concern regarding the fact that the lake of harmonized emergency response centres at European level, can conduct to a faulty emergency situations management. An important problem identified was that of the generic intervention levels, which are different, from one country to the other. At the technical working meeting the existing situation regarding the intervention levels adopted at European level was analyzed, for implementing the urgent measures for population protection: sheltering, evacuation and stabile iodine administration. Intervention levels for urgent protection measures (sheltering, evacuation and stabile iodine administration) were discussed and agreed. At the future meetings the intervention levels for relocation and transportation are to be discussed, as measures for long term protection, as well as intervention levels for the intervention personnel, operational intervention levels and practical aspects regarding the implementation of the intervention levels in case of a nuclear accident or a radiological emergency

180 8.6 Environment radiological investigations in the influence area of Cernavoda NPP Routine monitoring programs The environment radioactivity surveillance and control in Cernavoda NPP influence area is done in a constant way, since the commissioning of Unit 1, in The environment monitoring program in the influence area of Cernavoda NPP developed by CNCAN the Radiological Emergency Office (SUR) inside the Annual environment inspection plan, at the nuclear installations has as a principal purpose the verification of the compliance in the nuclear installation operation with the legal provisions and the national authorized limits. The environment monitoring program developed by CNCAN SUR in the last years, includes monthly sample gathering campaigns (air, precipitations, surface water, spontaneous vegetation, wield soil) and foods (milk, vegetables and fruits) and specific laboratory analyzes for determining the tritium concentration and the gamma emitters artificial radionuclide activity. The environment samples gathering campaigns for specific laboratory analyzes, developed in the influence area of Cernavoda NPP in 2007, had as a purpose the routine surveillance and control of the nuclear installation s area, for verifying the compliance of the operation with the legal requirements and the authorized national limits. After 11 years of operation, in the environment there was not observed the presence of artificial gamma emitters. The only artificial radionuclide from the air, surface water, vegetation, soil and atmospheric precipitations samples gathered is the tritium, which is a beta emitter, produced by activation in the nuclear processes, with a physical half-time of 12,3 years and a low radio-toxicity. The tritium exists in the environment also as a natural radionuclide. As a natural radionuclide, the tritium is formed in the high atmosphere, by the interaction of the cosmic radiations with elements of the superior atmospheric layers. The measured radioactive concentration does not represent a radiological risk for the population. The supplementary exposure for the population, in the influence are of Cernavoda NPP is under 1% of the national and international levels adopted values for the existing nuclear practises The European Commission verification mission for compliance with the EURATOM Article 35 provisions, June 2007 In 2007, the European Commission effectuated a verification mission in Romania, in order to observe the compliance with the requirements of EURATOM Treaty Art. 35, regarding the environment radioactivity monitoring around the nuclear installation and on the entire national territory. The mission consisted in the environment and foods radioactivity monitoring programs verification, around Cernavoda NPP and on the entire Romanian territory, including the liquid and gaseous effluents monitoring programs at Cernavoda NPP. At the preparing of the verification mission have participated representatives of CNCAN, Health Ministry, Environment Ministry, Cernavoda NPP and the National Veterinary Health Authority. The European Commission representatives have visited the radioactivity analyzes laboratory inside CNCAN s Emergency Response Centre, the radioactivity analyzes

181 laboratories of the Health Ministry, The Environment and Long Term Development Ministry and Cernavoda NPP. Fig. 8.4 The commune inspection CNCAN European Commission at Cernavoda NPP, inside the verification mission of compliance with the provisions of EURATOM Article 35, June 2007 The European Commission recommendations regarding CNCAN s environment radioactivity monitoring activities in the influence area of Cernavoda NPP were to continue and develop the analyze capacity, to develop the human resources and to obtain accreditation for the analyses laboratory inside the Emergency Response Centre. 8.7 CNCAN personnel training for nuclear and/or radiological emergency situations National and international preparation exercises In 2007, CNCAN participated at the protection and intervention exercise in the influence area of Kozlodui NPP OLTENIA 2007, organized by the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations during October The exercise had as objective to test the intervention capabilities of the local authorities, in case of a sever accident at Kozlodui NPP, Bulgaria. There were simulated protection actions for the population in the affected area, radioactive contamination monitoring actions as well as population and material goods decontamination activities. During the exercise, there was also simulated the support of the central authorities and the communication and coordination way with the local level (Dolj county)intervention

182 Inside the exercise, CNCAN participated with the mobile intervention team, which came alongside the Dolj county local forces, as well as with a radiological protection and public information specialists team, which developed there work at the National Coordination and Intervention Centre establish in Bucharest. Fig. 8.5 In field activities at the protection and intervention in the Kozlodui NPP influence area exercise OLTENIA 2007, October 2007 Besides, CNCAN, trough the Emergency Response Centre, tested, during the exercise, the communications and information exchange with the Nuclear Regulatory Authorities in Bulgaria, by simulating some notification and information messages regarding the state of the nuclear installation, the foreseen evolution and the contamination level in the affected area. Exercises and communication tests were effectuated in 2007 also with the IAEA and Cernavoda NPP Preparation and perfection training courses As a central public authority, CNCAN has constructed and maintains its own preparation of intervention system in case of a nuclear accident or a radiological emergency. In this sense, CNCAN collaborates with the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations and with other permanent national institutions, in the preparation and planning for nuclear or radiological emergency situations field. In 2007, 10 CNCAN s specialists participated at perfection courses in orphan radioactive sources detection and identification field Training of CNCAN staff in the area of detection and retrieval of orphan, lost and stolen sources, organizat în cadrul task-ului 5 al Proiectului PHARE RO 2004/ Technical assistance to the Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (CNCAN) to improve the management of high activity sealed radioactive sources (SRS), including spent sealed radioactive sources (SSRS) and orphan sources. The perfection course was organized by the British company ENVIRSO at the AURORA HEALTH PHYSICS headquarters (partner of ENVIROS in the Project) at Harwell Innovation Centre, Oxfordshire, UK

183 Inside the Course were developed theoretic sessions, practical activities, as well as working visits at different companies working in the orphan radioactive sources recovery field. By participating at this course, CNCAN s specialists, which are members in the emergency organization, improved there knowledge in searching and identifying the orphan radioactive sources and they could observe the working way of the authorities implicated in these activities. The obtained knowledge will be used to revise the specific internal working procedures in the search of orphan radioactive sources field

184 Chapter 9 International Relations 9.1 Introduction CNCAN performs its activity following the four large areas of interest: implementing the international commitments undertaken by Romania by signing of treaties, conventions and agreements in the nuclear field, implementing the provisions of the bilateral co-operation agreements and understandings, co-operating with the international organisations in the nuclear field, implementing the European Union policies and programmes. A number of factors contribute to the success of each of these categories of activities, starting with CNCAN management, active involvement and participation of all the structures of the organisation, qualification and involvement of the staff performing the activities, allocated funds and last but not least, establishing the organisation s priorities and coordinating all activities to create a favourable image of the organisation. 9.2 Conventions and Treaties The Convention on Nuclear Safety The Convention on Nuclear Safety, adopted in Vienna on June 17th, 1994, has been ratified by Romania by Law no. 43/ , entering into force on October 24th, By ratifying the Convention, the contracting parties have agreed the elaboration of national reports (according to the provisions of art. 5 of the Convention) and review of these reports in the review meetings. The reports contain the measures taken at national level to fulfil the obligations arisen from the application of the Convention, measures related to ensuring the safety of nuclear installations, establishing and maintaining a legislative and regulatory framework to govern the licence holders responsibilities to ensure the safety of the nuclear installations, to ensure adequate financial resources for the entire lifetime of the installations, to set up and apply quality assurance programmes, to continuously assess the safety of the nuclear installations. On September 24th to 27th, a Romanian delegation lead by CNCAN president has participated in Vienna to the Organizational meeting for the fourth review meeting of the contracting parties to the Convention on Nuclear Safety. The purpose of this meeting was to establish the working groups and to finalise the administrative aspects for the review meeting to take place in In co-operation with the National Company Nuclearelectrica, CNCAN has elaborated the Romanian national report for the Convention. The report has been submitted, according to the rules of procedure, to the General Secretariat of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in September. The fourth review meeting to present the national reports is scheduled for April CNCAN president has been appointed co-ordinator of the workgroup no.1 of which Romania is part. With the ratification of the Convention by India (in 2005), this meeting will be the first review meeting to which all the countries operating nuclear power reactors participate

185 Also, during 2007 another two countries (Nigeria and Malta) have become contracting parties to the Convention The Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials The Amendment has been ratified by Romania by Law no. 419/ , published in the Official Gazette Part I no. 1008/ Romania has submitted the ratification instrument to the General Secretariat of the International Atomic Energy Agency on February 2nd, EURATOM Safeguards Agreement According to the provisions of the Treaty of Accession of Romania to the European Union (signed on April 25th, 2005), on January 1st, 2007, together with the accession to the European Union, Romania has become part of the EURATOM Treaty. Based on art. 23 b of the Safeguards Agreement between Euratom and IAEA, application of the IAEA safeguards system will be suspended and Romania will apply the provisions of the Safeguards Agreement between Euratom and IAEA. The International Relations Division followed through the finalisation of the legislative process for the promulgation of the law on Romania s accession to both the Safeguards Agreement between Euratom, the Member States and IAEA and the Additional protocol to the Safeguards Agreement between Euratom, the Member States and IAEA (ratified by Romania by Law no. 185/ , published in the Official Gazette Part I no. 467/11/ ) The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty According to the provisions of the Law no. 152/1999 by which Romania ratified the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), CNCAN is the national authority on aspects regarding the Treaty and the Treaty Organisation (which ensures, through its Provisional Technical Secretariat, the implementation of the Treaty s provisions up to its entry into force). CNCAN prepared the papers for the Preparatory Commission session during August 20 September 7, 2007, and co-ordinated the participation of the national institutions to the CTBTO activities (workshops, training courses on inspections, working group B meetings). Also, with support from the National Research and Development Institute for Earth Physics, CNCAN answered request of the Provisional Technical Secretariat regarding the implementation of the global communications infrastructure. Also, CNCAN answered the invitation to participate to the 5th Conference organised in accordance to the provisions of art. XIV of CTBT for entry into force of the Treaty (17 18 September 2007, Vienna, Austria)

186 9.3 Bilateral Co-operation Co-operation with the International Atomic Energy Agency One of the most important moments of the co-operation with IAEA was the visit in Romania, at the invitation of the CNCAN president, of Mr. Oscar Acuña, head of the Europe 2 Section Department of Technical Co-operation within IAEA. The visit took place during February 3rd to 9th, 2007, its main purpose being to start the projects financed by IAEA for the period. According to the budget approved by the Governors Board, Romania will benefit of approximately 1.1 millions USD in the framework of national programmes and will participate to specific activities within the technical assistance regional programme. During the visit, meetings with decision factors of the Romanian institutions with responsibilities in the nuclear field, beneficiaries of the technical assistance programme (Nuclear Agency, Ministry of Economy and Finance, National Agency for Radioactive Waste (ANDRAD), Ministry of Public Health) as well as technical visits to Cernavoda NPP, National Research and Development Institute for Nuclear Physics and Engineering Horia Hulubei and the Nuclear Research Subsidiary (SCN) in Pitesti. In the context of the new Guide on Development of the Country Programme Framework and CPF Implementation Methodology being issued, and due to the new statute of Romania as EU Member State, following the above mentioned visit, the necessity to revise the CPF to reflect the new priorities and directions for Romania in the nuclear field has resulted. Thus, as suggested by the Romanian part, IAEA organised during June 2007, a national workshop with participation of IAEA experts to familiarise the representatives of the national organisations benefiting from the IAEA technical assistance programme with the new CPF concept and its elaboration in compliance with the recommendations made in the IAEA guide. From IAEA Ms. Sandra Steyskal (the new responsible for Romania within the Technical Co-operation Department), Mr. Victor Agullar Riveroll and Ms. Ksenia Belousova have participated. CNCAN hosted the first part of this workshop and participated to Ms. Steyskal s visit to SCN Pitesti and ANDRAD, aimed to identify the future needs for technical assistance, but also to evaluate the implementation of the received assistance, particularly related to finalisation of the ROM/4/024 project, 14 MW TRIGA research reactor conversion from highly enriched uranium to low enriched uranium. CNCAN contributed also to the development of the Country Programme Framework, programmatic document constituting the basis for technical assistance for Romania. Another important moment has been the participation of Romania s delegation, lead by CNCAN, to the 51st IAEA General Conference, on September CNCAN President had bilateral meetings with representatives of the regulatory bodies of Hungary, Moldova, Bulgaria, Korea, USA, Italy, Norway, Argentina, Canada, Russian Federation, discussing both aspects of general interest and the future possibilities for bilateral co-operation or extension of the existing co-operation relations

187 Within the regional co-operation project RER/9/098 Development of national capability for protecting the health and safety of workers professionally exposed to ionizing radiation, CNCAN in co-operation with the Ministry of Public Health organised during 1 3 October 2007 the regional workshop on Implementation of ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle. The workshop facilitated information and experience exchange related to the optimisation of the radiological risks at the workplaces, problems encountered in the implementation of the ALARA principle and recommendation for solving those problems. Fig. 9.1 National Workshop on the New Country Programme Framework (CPF) Development Guide and CPF Implementation Methodology CNCAN staff benefitted of training courses and workshops in 17 IAEA regional projects. (See Table I for details.) Co-operation with Hungary During August 2007, at the CNCAN president invitation, a delegation of the Hungarian Authority for Atomic Energy - HAEA (lead by Mr. Jozsef Ronaky, general director) visited Romania. The visit was part of the bilateral co-operation programme and its purpose was to discuss aspects related to the licensing and control of the radioactive sources used in the industry and medical fields. With this occasion a visit was organised to the Uranium Ores Reprocessing Plant in Feldioara and activities within the nuclear fuel cycle in Romania have been presented. In order to implement the provisions of the Co-operation and information exchange in nuclear safety agreement between CNCAN and HAEA, the co-operation in information technology has been extended. Following bilateral negotiations, during November 2007, a CNCAN expert visited the HAEA headquarters to discuss aspects related to the IT infrastructure development

188 Nr. Crt. Table I CNCAN participation in IAEA Regional Projects in 2007 Regional Project ID Regional Project Title No of Participants 1 RER/0/016 Human Resource Development and Nuclear Technology Support 1 2 RER/0/026 Support for the Introduction of Nuclear Energy 1 3 RER/0/027 Strengthening Capabilities for Nuclear Knowledge Preservation 2 4 RER/4/027 Strengthening Capabilities for Nuclear Power Plant Performance and Service Life Including Engineering Aspects 6 5 RER/4/028 6 RER/6/015 7 RER/9/076 8 RER/9/084 9 RER/9/ RER/9/ RER/9/091 Repatriation, Management and Disposition of Fresh and/or Spent Nuclear Fuel from Research Reactors Strengthening Regional Capacity in Medical Radiation Physics Strengthening Safety and Reliability of Nuclear Fuel and Materials in Nuclear Power Plants Effectiveness of Regulatory Authorities and Advanced Training in Nuclear Safety Capacity Building for Upgrading Nuclear Security Related National Infrastructure Education and Training in Support of Radiation Protection Infrastructures Establishment of National Capabilities for Response to a Radiological and Nuclear Emergency 12 RER/9/092 Strengthening National Infrastructures for the Control of Radiation Sources (TSA-1) 2 13 RER/9/094 Upgrading National Capabilities in Controlling Public Exposure 1 14 RER/9/087 Harmonization of Probabilistic Safety Assessment Applications 1 15 RER/9/088 Strengthening Safety Assessment Capabilities 6 Development of National Capabilities for 16 RER/9/089 Protecting the Health and Safety of Workers Occupationally Exposed to Ionizing Radiation 1 17 RER/9/090 Education and Training in Support of Radiation Protection Infrastructures Co-operation with Moldova The co-operation relations with Moldova are in the incipient stage. The regulatory body of this country (the National Regulatory Agency for Nuclear and Radiological Activities) has been set up in July 2007, a first meeting between the representatives of the two organisations taking place on the occasion of the 51st IAEA General Conference. The good co-operation relations during the past years has been stressed (information exchange, fellowships on radiation protection aspects),

189 deciding on the future extension of the co-operation. To identify future areas for cooperation on December 2007 a delegation of Moldova visited CNCAN. General aspects have been discussed, CNCAN proposing utilisation of the European Commission TAIEX programme to further expand the future co-operation Co-operation with Bulgaria The experience of past years proved that the Bulgarian Nuclear Regulatory Agency (BNRA) was and remained a constant partner for CNCAN co-operation relations. The information exchange and technical visits continued during Thus, during February 2007, the visit of the Bulgarian dellegation, composed of Mr. Latchesar Kostov, vice president, and Nicolai Todorov, head of the Radiation Protection and Emergency Preparedness Department, took place. The meeting aimed the extension of the bilateral co-operation between the two national authorities. The topics of the visit included aspects related to the implementation of the 96/92/Euratom and 97/43/Euratom Directives, intensification of the experience exchange on radiation protection inspections in industrial, medical, and uranium mining and milling areas, and the application of the bilateral agreement on early notification in case of nuclear accidents. Within the bilateral co-operation programme, teams of CNCAN inspectors participated to the BNRA experience exchange on radiation protection and safety of the radiation sources in nuclear medicine, radiotherapy and radiodiagnosys practices (23-27 April 2007 and 2 6 July 2007). Similarly, BNRA inspectors participated during May 2007 to the works of the annual inspectors training and activity analysis session in radiation protection of CNCAN. On May 8th, 2007, a BNRA delegation lead by Mr. Sergey Tzotchev, president, Mr. Borislav Stanimirov, vice president and Mr. Alexandre Rogatchev, international relations director visited CNCAN. The agenda of the visit included discussions of common interest subjects for co-operation and visit to the Cernavoda NPP Unit 1 and Training Centre. With this occasion, an invitation to participate to the BNRA 50th Anniversary Forum during July 2007 was addressed. CNCAN president lead the Romanian delegation participating to this event. In the context of continuing the bilateral co-operation, during October 29th to 31st, 2007, the technical meeting on fresh and spent fuel transport was organised, to which representatives with responsibilities in this field of the two regulatory authorities have participated. The meeting had as objective development of the co-operation relations between CNCAN and both BNRA and Kozlodui NPP on spent nuclear fuel transport and transit with regard to the implementation of the 2006/117 Directive on surveillance and control of the radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel transport, in the context of EU Member States statute of the two countries. Bulgaria has already signed an agreement with the Russian Federation and transported fresh and spent nuclear fuel for the Kozlodui NPP. This visit was an opportunity for CNCAN to identify new possibilities for co-operation on areas such as fresh and spent nuclear fuel transport, nuclear safety, and emergency preparedness

190 9.3.5 Co-operation with Korea During April 9 to 13, 2007, under the auspices of IAEA, Romania received a visit of the Korean Minister of Education, Science and Technology. The meeting agenda included a visit to Cernavoda NPP and to the Intermediate Dry Spent Fuel Storage (DICA). The subjects discussed were the inspection methods for transfer of the spent fuel from the Cernavoda NPP spent fuel bays to DICA, safety requirements, analysis tools and procedures for the transfer of irradiated fuel transfer casks. Following signature in Daejeon, on December 1st, 2006, of the Additional Understanding to the Agreement Protocol on Co-operation in the nuclear safety area between the National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control and the Korean Institute for Nuclear Safety, the International Relations Division of CNCAN initiated the internal procedure for its approval, the Understanding being approved by Government Decision no. 215/ and published in the Official Gazette no. 167/ Taking into consideration that the Korean legislation foresees the possibility of entry into force with the date of the signature, this document entered into force on March 9th, Co-operation with the United States of America On July 13th, 2007, a delegation of the United States Nuclear regulatory Commission (USNRC) lead by the commissioner Peter Lyons, paid an official visit to Romania. The USNRAC delegation was received at CNCAN headquarters by Mr. Vilmos Zsombori, president, representatives of the CNCAN management participating to the official discussions (Ms. Daniela Căşaru, director and Ms. Ramona Popescu, section head). Ms. Josefine Piccone, executive assistant, Mr. John Ramsey, programme manager and Mr. Brian Wittick, international relations expert, were part of the American delegation. Fig. 9.2 Visit of the US-NRC Delegation

191 During the meeting at CNCAN headquarters, common interest aspects were approached, such as involvement of American companies (General Electric Corporation and AES) in the construction of Cernavoda NPP Units 1 and 2, cooperation projects in the nuclear field as part of a long collaboration started in 1974 with the commissioning of the TRIGA research reactor in Pitesti, the excellent relations with the USA Embassy in Bucharest and with Department of Energy and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The collaboration of the two regulatory bodies is based on the provisions of the Understanding of Co-operation and Exchange of Technical Information in the Nuclear Safety Area between CNCAN and NRC, renewed on September 28th, 2005, in Vienna. Regarding the implementation of this understanding, tha status of the procedure for the two fellowships for CNCAN staff to be hosted by NRC has been discussed. Also, Romania s interest for the Global Partnership on Nuclear Energy has been underlined, partnership which aims the improvement of nuclear safety at global level, the reduction of the nuclear weapons proliferation risks, the improvement of environment quality. Aspects related to CNCAN policy for fighting against nuclear terrorism have been discussed. The NRC delegation requested a visit ti Cernavoda NPP, to which Mr. Nicolas Taubman, the USA Ambassador in Bucharest also participated. It can be said that this visit enrols on the direction of developing the bilateral relations between CNCAN, as national regulatory authority, and similar bodies of other countries, to further intensify the collaboration and the implementation of common programmes in technical and specific personnel training areas. On July 16th, 2007, a delegation formed by Mr. Brian Wauld, country responsible for the Global Threat Reduction Initiative and Mr. Gene Hauser, expert of the SANDIA National Laboratory. The purpose of this visit was the identification of potential co-operation projects for enhancement of nuclear materials and radioactive sources security in Romania. As a consequence of this visit, the American side announced it will send a draft agreement for co-operation in the area of nuclear materials and radioactive sources security in Romania. Representatives of CNCAN, Nuclear Research Subsidiary Pitesti, General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations, National R&D Institute for Nuclear Physics and Engineering, Ministry of Internals and Administrative Reform have participated to the meeting

192 Fig. 9.3 Visit to CNCAN of a delegation formed by Mr. Brian Wauld, country responsible for the Global Threat Reduction Initiative and Mr. Gene Hauser, expert of the SANDIA National Laboratory Co-operation with Italy In May 2007 CNCAN has signed an Understanding with the Department of Nuclear and Mechanic Industry of the Pisa University, having as objective organisation of workshops, post graduate theoretical and practical training for the staff of the two organisations. Following this event, in July 2007, a delegation of CNCAN representatives visited Italy to meet the representatives of the Italian regulatory authority. During the meeting it was decided that CNCAN and the agency for Environmental Protection and Technical Services (APAT) to sign a bilateral agreement to ensure the legal framework for co-operation of the two countries in the nuclear field, on common interest aspects regarding the regulation of the peaceful use of nuclear energy, to provide the initiation of common projects for training of the regulatory staff in deterministic and probabilistic safety analyses areas. This agreement is currently under negotiation Co-operation with Norway In July 2007, the Agreement between The Kingdom of Norway and Romania regarding the Norwegian Co-operation Programme for Economical Growth and Sustainable Development, agreement which establishes the Norwegian Co-operation Programme for bilateral co-operation projects with maximum transparency and responsibility. The Co-operation Programme is administered by Innovation Norway by promoting the partnership between the eligible applicants, selection of the received applications, closing the grant agreements and annual monitoring of the implementation. The Ministry of Economy and Finance has the role of national contact point and is responsible for co-ordinating the Co-operation Programme on

193 behalf of the Romanian part. The Programme has been officially launched in Bucharest, on November The priority sectors of the Programme include: reduction of greenhouse gas emissions; energy efficiency and renewable energy; health; etc. Within the priority sector energy efficiency and renewable energy priority areas are included such as: co-operation on nuclear safety aspects; research and development in the energy field; promoting the energy efficiency; etc. On the basis of the co-operation programme between Romania and Norway, the National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control with both the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) - from the point of view of the technical approach and the Norwegian Government, regarding the possibility to initiate and benefit from a nuclear safety excellence national project. This project is focused on the enhancement of CNCAN s technical capabilities in the following areas of competence: nuclear safety, quality assurance, emergency preparedness and response, assistance for development of an integrated management system, enhancement of the regulatory authority capability to assess safety culture, knowledge management, staff training, motivation and retaining. An important component of the project is represented by the enhancement of the CNCAN Emergency Response centre operability. 9.4 Multilateral Co-operation Romania participated to the work sessions of the WENRA (Western Nuclear Regulators Association) starting from Together with the other 10 associated states, Romania was invited to become full member of WENRA in This statute offered the possibility to participate in the decision making process and to the activities of the working groups. CNCAN participated to the two WENRA plenary sessions at management level, taking place in March and November Also, within the meetings of the two working groups, Reactor Harmonization Working Group and Working Group on Waste and Decommissioning (RHWG and WGWD), CNCAN experts participated actively to the development of the reference levels for the two areas. The nuclear safety reference levels have been finalized and CNCAN, as Romanian representative in WENRA, has presented the status of their implementation by means of regulatory requirements and national practices. The meeting of the Working Group on Waste and Decommissioning (WDWG) took place in Bucharest during March 5 9, With participation of 24 representatives of 17 EU Member States, this was the first plenary meeting of the WGWD, activity of which is focused on harmonization of the safety requirements for spent fuel and radioactive waste management. Representatives of IAEA and of the European Nuclear Installations Safety Standards (ENISS) have been invited to participate

194 On February 3 4, CNCAN president participated to the 50 th anniversary meeting of the Nuclear Law Committee, organized by the Nuclear Energy Agency / Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (NEA/OECD). During November 19 22, 2007, CNCAN participated as observer to the annual session of the Nuclear Law Committee of the NEA/OECD, and presented the status of the national legislation issued by CNCAN for its competence areas in Romania. 9.5 European Affairs and European Community Programmes After joining the European Union on January 1 st, 2007, CNCAN continued to observe the obligations assumed by Romania during the negotiations for ascension and to apply the principles and regulations established at European level, committing to fulfil the obligations derived from the Member State statute and to apply the provisions of the Euratom Treaty Co-operation with the European Commission Services Co-operation with the European Commission Services, especially with the Directorate-General for Energy and Transport (DG-TREN) was continuously developed during 2007: during June 4 12, 2007, DG-TREN Unit H.4 organised in Romania a verification mission under art. 35 of the Euratom Treaty. The purpose of the mission was to verify the functionality and efficiency of the air, water and soil radioactivity level monitoring facilities on Romanian territory and particularly on Cernavoda NPP site and its vicinities. Co-ordination of the mission was realized, at the European Commission request, by CNAN through the International Relations Division, the organizations included in the verification programme being: Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant, the National Agency for Environmental Protection (ANPM), the Public Health Institutes in Bucharest (ISPB) and Constanta (ISPC), the National Sanitary-Veterinary and Food Safety Authority (ANSVSA), the National Research and Development Institute for Nuclear Physics and Engineering Horia Hulubei in Magurele (IFIN-HH), the food import customs frontier in Constanta Harbour, the Institute for Marine Research in Constanta. the verification mission was preceded by a preparatory mission taking place in Luxembourg during March 11 13, The purpose of the preparatory mission was to establish the agenda of the verification mission, to present the current status of environmental radioactivity monitoring in Romania and to finalize the official answer to the questionnaire proposed by the European Commission on art. 35 topics. during November 14 16, 2007, a CNCAN delegation discussed in Luxembourg all aspects of the return of the Russian origin spent nuclear fuel of the VVR-S research reactor in Magurele. During the meeting with the DG- TREN representatives the aspects concerning the status of the project, CNCAN s attributions in this project, involvement of the European Commission and of the Euratom Supply Agency in the procedure for approval of the

195 agreements and contracts concluded for the return of the spent fuel to its country of origin. for implementation of the provisions of art. 37 of the Euratom Treaty, CNCAN proposed the organization of a working meeting with the DG-TREN representatives, to clarify the practical aspects related to the application of this article, types of reports that should be submitted, etc. Representatives of other organizations deploying activities under the incidence of art. 37 have participated to the meeting (National Agency for Radioactive Waste, National R&D Institute for Nuclear Physics and Engineering Horia Hulubei ). Starting with June 2007, CNCAN is member of the European Network on Operational Experience Feedback (OEF). This network was created by the European Commission with the support of the Joint Research Centre, regulatory authorities and technical support organisations in Europe being invited to participate. The main objectives of the network are an extended approach of the IAEA s Incident Reporting System (IRS), analysis of selected events, development of a database on nuclear safety aspects European High Level Group on Nuclear Safety and Waste Management CNCAN participates and is represented by the CNCAN president to the meetings of the High Level Group on Nuclear Safety and Waste Management (HLG). Safety of the nuclear installations and management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste are one of the first priorities of the European Union. The High Level Group was established by the 2007/530/Euratom Decision of the European Commission and is mandated to develop a common understanding and, if appropriate, a common approach in the fields of safety of nuclear installations, safety of the management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste and financing of the decommissioning of nuclear installations and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste. The HLG objective is to establish and maintain the conditions for a high, uniform level of nuclear safety in the Community, applied to the design, sitting, construction, operation and maintenance of the nuclear installations for which a legal and regulatory framework in the Member States is necessary. The Group is formed by representatives of the nuclear regulatory authorities with competences in nuclear installations safety and management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste. On October 12 th, 2007, the first HLG meeting took place in Brussels, CNCAN president representing the nuclear regulatory authority of Romania. Special attention was given to clarifying and finalising the mandate and work priorities of the HLG. The Council s conclusions dated May 8 th, 2007, (HLG(2007)1.2.P) will constitute the fundamental mandate of the Group. The Group s activity complies with the consensus, independence and transparency principles. The Group s priorities in the nuclear installations safety area include: unanimously accepted approaches and common efforts organisation of discussions on the lessons learned during the review meetings of the Convention on Nuclear Safety and future actions; optimal use of the OECD/NEA results on the approach to be followed by the EU Member States regarding emergent safety issues; discussion of the general safety issues relevant for the nuclear installation in the current international context with the purpose to reach a

196 common agreement on the best safety practices; actions related to co-operation and receptivity in the nuclear safety area compilation of the information submitted by the Member States on national and Euratom activities; facilitating access to information of all Member States; exchange of information related to nuclear safety research and on-going projects for identification of the safety issues of the new reactor concepts. The actions proposed by the Council regarding transparency envisage precise and prompt information of the public, facilitating access of the Member States to annual reports regarding safety relevant incidents and assessment of efficiency of the actions taken for ensuring transparency. Regarding the safety of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste management, the HLG actions include: additional discussions on the results of the general meetings of the Joint Convention on the Safety of the Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management, utilising the WENRA results relevant for the safety of spent fuel, radioactive waste management and decommissioning as abasis for future progress, without duplicating WENRA activities, and development of strategies for the safe management of all spent fuel and radioactive waste types. The national programmes will be made available for all interested parties (the Council, the Commission and the Member States). The provisions of these programmes can be discussed with other Member States for experience exchange purposes. The HLG will concentrate its actions on financing the nuclear installations decommissioning and the safe management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste through: review of the different national financing systems, concentrating on evaluation methods and criteria or financing the national activities, as well as analysing the legal framework for financial provisions for decommissioning of each country Regulatory Assistance Management Group CNCAN staff participated to the working meetings of the European Commission Regulatory Assistance Management Group (RAMG). This is a consultative group, one of its attributions being to support the regulatory authorities of the countries benefiting from EU financed technical assistance projects in the nuclear safety area. The previous programmes (Tacis dedicated to 12 Eastern European and Asian countries, and Phare dedicated to countries in process of ascension to the European Union) were finalised on December 31 st, These programmes will be extended by similar ones entitled Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation INSC and Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance IPA for the period Advisory Committee CNCAN participates to the meetings of the Advisory Committee established by art. 21 of the Council Directive no. 2006/177/Euratom regarding surveillance and control of the radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel shipment. The responsibilities of this Committee include supporting the EC in implementation of the art. 16(2), 17(2), 19(1) and preparing a report to the European Parliament, Council, and Economic and Social Committee on the implementation of art. 4 of the mentioned Directive

197 9.5.5 European Community Programmes The assistance received in 2007 through the community programmes particularly within the Horizontal Nuclear Safety Assistance Programme memorandums corresponding to the years 2003, 2004 and 2005, continued the ascendant rhythm of the previous years. From the projects carried on we mention: Finalisation during November 2007 of the supply component within the RO 2003/ project, "Technical Assistance for the Romanian Regulatory Emergency Response Centre". This component contributed to the modernisation of the CNCAN Emergency Response Centre and to the enhancement of the technical capabilities for emergency preparedness of CNCAN. Hardware components and adequate software were supplied, as well as the necessary communication links, such as broad band internet connections and national data transmission network connections; Monitoring and implementation of the nuclear safety projects under 2004 Phare financing memorandum: Project RO 2004/ The project entitled Supply of the specific mechanical analysis computer codes for the Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority staff supplied the ANSYS/Mechanical computer code, used by Cernavoda NPP to perform safety analyses in support of the licensing documentation submitted to CNCAN. Use of this code by the CNCAN staff trained during the project represents an important step in developing the internal capabilities for independent assessment of the overpressure protection analyses for the special safety systems and primary circuit developed by the utility Project RO 2004/ The project entitled Technical assistance to the Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority to deal with the important aspects of the future commissioning activities supported CNCAN in managing the commissioning licensing related activities by providing technical assistance for improvement of the regulatory framework and for enhancement of CNCAN staff capabilities for assessment and licensing of all commissioning stages of the Cernavoda NPP Unit 2. The project contributed to the theoretical and practical training on regulatory activities of the newly employed CNCAN staff Project RO 2004/ The project entitled Technical assistance to the Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (CNCAN) to improve the management of high-activity sealed radioactive sources (SRS), including spent sealed radioactive sources (SSRS) and orphan sources focused on improvement of the regulatory framework in the area of safe long term storage of the high activity spent sealed radioactive sources and orphan sources recovery

198 The training activities within the project consisted in specific training sessions (with participation of approximately 20 staff from CNCAN and from other organisations with responsibilities in the field) on control and safety of the long term storage of the high activity spent sealed radioactive sources, safe recovery of the orphan sources, financing mechanisms for recovery and management of the orphan sources, decommissioning of installations where orphan sources might exist, identification of specific intervention equipment for orphan sources recovery RO 2004/ The project entitled Technical assistance for the Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority with the view to set-up the supervision system for the shipment of radioactive waste/materials was proposed with the view of finalising the implementation of the 92/3/Euratom Directive, its objective being to design a database on transport of radioactive materials, including radioactive waste. Training sessions took place within the project, for both the database administrators and the users. Regarding the horizontal 2005 Phare programme, the following projects have been contracted, implementation of which has started: a) RO 2005/ The project entitled Support for regulatory authority staff to improve its capabilities with the view of probabilistic safety assessment has the purpose to support CNCAN staff in the review of the Cernavoda Unit 1 Level 1 PSA report. The project aims at providing technical expertise, on-the-job training of the CNCAN staff and enhanced regulatory framework in the PSA area. The main project activities include: Technical assistance for review of the probabilistic safety assessment of Cernavoda NPP Unit 1 by transfer of the best western European practices to the CNCAN staff. Support for improvement of the regulatory framework by the development of an internal review procedure and by review of the regulatory requirements on probabilistic safety assessment. b) RO 2005/ The project entitled Improvement of the regulatory authority staff capabilities for the review of the Preliminary Safety Analysis Report of the Băiţa Bihor disposal facility will support CNCAN staff in the licensing of the storage facility. The project is focused on independent review of the mentioned documentation. Due to the fact that Baita Bihor disposal facility has a number of common characteristics with the Richard disposal facility in the Czech Republic, a comparison of the safety assessment methodologies is made. This activity will contribute to enhancing CNCAN staff experience in reviewing similar safety assessments

199 c) RO 2005/ The project entitled Development of CNCAN capabilities regarding the regulatory aspects of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) and Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) related activities was proposed in order to ensure support for CNCAN staff in acquiring specific knowledge and experience and intends to obtain the following results: Comprehensive study on evaluation of the radiological consequences of the existence of a large quantity of NORM and TENORM on Romanian territory; Review of existing regulations and elaboration of new ones based on the requirements in place in the countries of the European Union confronted with the same problem. Also, CNCAN experts involved in the licensing of activities generating NORM and TENORM will benefit of training within the project. d) RO 2005/ The project entitled Improvement of CNCAN database related to the operation of the national registry of doses and radioactive sources had two components - technical support and supply of the database and necessary IT equipment. The activities of the technical support component were finalised during 2007, the Consultant supporting CNCAN by elaboration of a study of the current situation and needs in terms of architecture of a computerized system for management of the radioactive sources. The representatives of the Project Implementation Unit have participated, with the support of the technical staff, to the selection sessions. The PIU activity for the referenced period extends to the monitoring of the implementation of each contracted project. This activity materialised in monitoring the implementation of the projects with the view of compliance with the contractual clauses, achieving the objectives, financing in accordance with the Phare procedures in place, elaboration of periodical reports for the national and European Commission involved institutions and participation to the progress meetings. Within the horizontal 2006 Phare programme PIU representatives with support from CNCAN technical staff elaborated the terms of reference for the projects to be contracted during 2008: i) Phare RO 2006/ The project entitled Enhancement of Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority staff capabilities with the view to evaluating the Periodic Safety Review for Cernavoda NPP Unit 1 aims to improve CNCAN staff capabilities for use of the PSR results in the licensing process, in accordance with the European practice. The purpose of the project is to contribute to the improvement of the nuclear safety assessment processes, to enhance CNCAN staff s competence in regulation and

200 control of the different aspects related to PSR realisation, including the review of reports submitted by the licensee and transfer to the CNCAN staff of the European regulatory authorities experience and best practices in the field. ii) Phare RO 2006/ The project entitled Technical consolidation of the Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (CNCAN) capabilities with the view of radiation protection practices has as objective the improvement of CNCAN staff capabilities in the protection of the public and professionally exposed workers against the harmful effects of the ionizing radiation. The project aims to provide technical support for CNCAN in assessing the radiological safety. The internal procedures to be developed for licensing of different practices such as industrial radiography, radioactive borehole logging, radiotherapy, radiodiagnosis, will describe the radiological safety assessment process, including the use of specific software tools. The experts certified by CNCAN and the personnel of laboratories certified by CNCAN will benefit of training on the licensing and inspection practices for neutron dosimetry, medical physics, quality control and quality testing tools for radiology equipment. iii) Phare RO 2006/ The project entitled Supply of the specific computer code for mechanical design and analysis of piping systems necessary for the Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority consists in supply of a dedicated computer code for design and analysis of piping systems of the nuclear installations and training of the code users. CNCAN, through the PIU, implemented a Phare 2006 centralised project addressed to a number of three countries: Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania. The project aimed at performing a study of the existing practices and regulations on medical radioactive waste management with the purpose to identify the areas for which, in comparison with the experience of the EU Member States, necessitate improvement or optimisation. Representatives of the technical divisions of CNCAN participated in filling in specific questionnaires developed within the project and to a series of training sessions (workshops for dissemination and discussion of the recommendations made by the experts mission performing the study) The National Institute for Radiation Protection in Belgium elaborated the report of the expert mission taking place in March 2007, report containing the status of the performed measurements and the mission s recommendations. Also, CNCAN is involved in the European Platform on Training and Education in Radiation Protection (EUTERP) The project started in April 2007 and has a 36 months duration. The platform is addressed to the radiation protection experts and aims at: Eliminating the obstacles for the mobility of the radiation protection experts in the European Union, by harmonizing the criteria and qualifications for mutual recognition;

201 Facilitating transnational access to vocational training and education infrastructures; Integrating education and training into occupational radiation protection infrastructures in the Member, Candidate and Associated States of the European Union. A research and consultancy group was formed by Dutch experts to co-ordinate the implementation of the project. The discussed topics include legislative and administrative aspects as well as scientific aspects. CNCAN experts have participated to the workshops organized in the framework of this project, presenting the current situation in Romania form the nuclear regulatory authority point of view. 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,425,000 1,550,000 1,400,000 1,200, ,400 1,000, ,000 (Euro) 800, , , , ,000 Phare 2001 Phare 2003 Phare 2004 Phare 2005 Phare 2006 Transition facility Fig. 9.4 Funds allocated to the Phare projects for CNCAN Taking into account that the technical support for CNCAN provided by the European Commission will end with the Phare 2006 and Transition Facility, we present the yearly distribution of the Phare funds allocated for CNCAN starting with the first programme cycle. 9.6 Training on International Relations Taking into account the attributions and responsibilities of the division, the training of personnel represents an important component for optimal performance of the activities. Achieving a series of major objectives is envisaged, such as knowing and applying the national, European and international law principles, familiarisation with the modern concepts of global security issues, in depth study of the principles and practices governing the international relations, etc. Between January 15 th and April 14 th, 2007, a representative of the International Relations Division participated to the Advanced Security Study Programme of the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies. The discussed topics included: theory of international and security relations, global challenges, nature of armed conflicts, the impact of soft security as a national and international threat,

202 energy issues, the role of democracy in ensuring security, international co-operation in the security area, international regulations human rights in the international legislation, national decision factors in security aspects development of the national security strategy. At the USA Government initiative, on 6 8 November 2007 the Regional Conference on Co-operation and Non-proliferation in the Black Sea Area was organised, having as objective to strengthen the interstate information exchange and to develop an adequate national strategy for informing the public on the risks it might be exposed. In a broader perspective, the USA regards the development o regional initiatives (e.g. Black Sea Trust) as an efficient co-operation and action framework, stressing at the same time the importance of security export and of efficient application of anti-terrorism prevention and protection measures at the source. Specialists of the US Department of Defence, representatives of the Ministries of External Affairs and legislation experts from USA, Romania, Turkey, Georgia, Ukraine, Armenia, Azerbaidjan, Bulgaria, Greece and Moldova have participated to the conference. Representatives of the Ministry of External Affairs and the International Relation Division within CNCAN were part of the Romanian delegation. In the actual context of preparing for response to terrorist acts, a representative of the International Relations Division participated to the Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Terrorism organised in Hague by the Dutch National Co-ordinator for Terrorism Suppression and the European Commission Directorate-General for Justice, Freedom and Security. The main objectives of the conference were information exchange on prevention and suppression of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear terrorism and development of concepts to be used by the interested factors of the European Union member states. In the international relations area, CNCAN representatives participated to: The summer school course organised by the King College of the University of London. This course, certified by the Law Society for Continuous Professional Development, represented advanced training in European Union law and covered the following areas: anti-discrimination, competition, free circulation of workers, social policy, environment, application and enforcement of European law, European Union taxes, European Court of Justice, free circulation of goods, freedom of residence and free circulation of capital; Post graduate courses on international relations organised by the Romanian Diplomatic Institute (excellence centre of the Romanian public administration, providing expertise in international relations by elaboration of studies, political strategy analyses and specialised papers for public and private organisations in Romania and abroad). The proposed topics take into account the necessity for Romanian participation to the international dynamics in the context of integration in the European and Euro-Atlantic structures, as well as for in depth knowledge of the international relations history, theory and practices for facilitating professional activities within the governmental and nongovernmental institutions in Romania and abroad

203 Chapter 10 Management of Human and Financial Resources 10.1 Introduction In 2007, CNCAN acted for the correct and on-time fulfilment of the duties which occur in conformity with the provisions of the Organisation and Functioning Statute, of the Internal Management Statute and of the CNCAN Management Manual, latest versions approved by the CNCAN President Financial resources and administration of CNCAN patrimony Legal frame CNCAN performs its activity on financial accounting in conformity with the provisions of the Law of Accountancy no. 82/1991, republished, with ulterior modifications and completions, with Law no. 500/2002 regarding Public Finances, Order no. 1792/2002 regarding engaging, liquidation, passing for payment and payment of public institutions expenses, Decision no. 1860/2006, regarding rights and obligations of the personnel from public authorities and institutions on the period of their delegation and transfer to another city, Decision no. 518/1995 republished, with ulterior modifications and completions, regarding rights and obligations of Romanian personnel sent abroad, as well as with the provisions of the Order of the Ministry of Public Finance no. 1917/2005 regarding the methodological Norms on the organisation and management of accountancy for public institutions. Starting with the 1 st of January 2006, when the new regulations in budgetary accountancy started to be applied, the elements presented in the financial situations are being evaluated in conformity with the politics for accountancy, which respect the basic principles of the engagement accountancy. In the area of acquisitions, the activity of the department of speciality is being carried out in conformity with EO no. 34/2006 regarding public acquisitions as well as with the methodological norms of appliance approved by GD no. 9251/ Principles applied in the economical activity of CNCAN Application of an economical-financial-accountant management in accordance with the Romanian legislation and with the European Norms, which consist mainly in adopting measures with regard to: Financial prevision and prognosis ; Preventive financial control; Budgetary execution; Financial analysis. Application of a commercial management imposed in a market economy and in strict concordance with the specialised legislation. Measures imposed by the application of this principle consist in:

204 Establishment of priorities and orientation of investments; Total and efficient usage of existent resources; Correct establishment of the most favourable offers, from the technical economical point of view Economical activity of CNCAN The most important activities of the Economical Direction, performed during 2007, were: Previous years balance transfers and data update into the modules for accountancy, salaries, budgetary execution, record of the fixed means, administration of materials and inventory objects; Between January-March, the specialised personnel within the Economical Direction tracked and verified the correct application of in place regulations, with regard to CNCAN personnel salaries, when the new negotiations of the Individual Work Contracts took place. In 2007 the 5 th revision of the Procedure of Application of the Tax and Tariff Statute for the authorisation and control of nuclear activities was elaborated, which has as an objective revision of the invoice process by introducing of provisions with reference to the circuit of necessary documentation for invoice emission and other actualisations. Together with the specialised directions, the Statute for Tax and Tariff for the authorisation and control of nuclear activities was modified, respectively the taxes and tariffs were increased with the inflation percent calculated from the las edition of the Statute and up to In its position of coordinator, the Economical Direction centralised the proposals from the specialised directions and elaborated the final form of the document, which was then sent for approval to the Ministry of Public Finance and to the Ministry of Economy and Commerce. Following the approval, the Statute was approved by Governmental Decision. In May 2007, the rectification procedure for the Incomes and Expenditures Budget for 2007 was started. The process ended in August 2007, when the Decision of the Prime-Minister of Budget rectification approval was published. During the year, whenever new budgetary rectifications were needed for certain budgetary items, proposals were made to the Credit Chief Accountant for credit transfer between the subdivisions of the classification, in order to provide a good development of the current activity. Rectification of the Incomes and Expenditures Budget was also necessary due to the fact that CNCAN had the intention of buying a new building for optimal development of its activity

205 Starting with July 2007, budgetary proposals for 2008 were elaborated. In this context, proposals and letters of substantiation were centralised from the specialised directions, and were carefully evaluated. Finalisation of this action, respectively the Project for the CNCAN budget for 2008, will be forwarded for approval to the Prime-Minister s Chancellery, the Ministry of Economy and Finance, Ministry of Work, Social solidarity and Family. In the area of investments, significant actions taken in 2007 were: For the current activity, direct acquisitions were made of over lei. Legal procedures were started and contracts were signed for the internet, mobile telephony, maintenance, fixed telephony, access to legislation (Lege4), actualisation of accountancy program, magazines subscriptions, office and IT equipment maintenance, translations of norms and legislation, phone lines supplementation, cleaning and sectioning of the headquarters services. Also, contracts were perfected for work medicine analyses and of specific analyses for CNCAN area of activity. Special attention was paid to the good functioning of the CNCAN cars. Procedures were made and contracts were signed for the proper functioning of the automobiles and for respecting of the legal requirements regarding driving on public roads, such as: Compulsory insurances for 2007 and vignettes for areas outside Bucharest; Service contract with Autonet and Anglo Cars for periodical technical inspections, maintenance and repairs; Full CASCO insurances for all the CNCAN automobiles, 35 respectively; Acquisition and distribution of fuel tickets. For the continuation of CNCAN equipping strategy and for the renewal of the auto park, acquisitions were made (by direct purchase, offer request, public tender) from the Investment Plan on 2007 of approximately lei, respectively: 16 automobiles, 3 servers, 2 copy-machines, 35 software licenses, and rehabilitation of thermal station. From the Investment Plan acquisitions were made of approximately lei, representing approximately 98% of the total. Out of this sum, lei represent the value of the building which was bought for the CNCAN headquarters. For the new headquarters, utilities contracts were perfected: water, electrical power, gas, garbage removal, interior cleaning, security, etc. Also, necessary equipment was provided, such as: telephone station, fixed telephony apparatus and network, Internet and TV, IT network, Internet connection of the new headquarters and interconnection with the old building, transfer of lines for fixed telephony for the detached personnel, ensuring apparatus, equipment and furniture, necessary for the activities in the new building

206 Another activity was the logistic support for seminars, symposiums and other internal and international manifestations, through acquisition of necessary materials. For the Emergency Centre in Afumaţi, the acquisition of laboratory reactive substances, of liquid nitrogen and other specific materials was performed, and also for repairing services for laboratory equipment and cleaning of the laboratories. From the administrative point of view, measures were taken for performing of all repairs and improvement in the three CNAN headquarters for Financial sources and the economical analysis of CNCAN activity On the basis of Law 111/1996 on the safe deployment, regulation, licensing a nd control of nuclear activities, CNCAN financing is integrally assured by own incomes, respectively from tariffs from authorisation, permit of practice, approvals and license solicitors (Romanian of foreign legal persons). Other incomes arise from contributions of the international bodies and of economical operators, interests from reserves and cashes from other sources, according to the legal provisions. The Statute regarding the organisation and functioning of the Commission is approved through Governmental Decision. The Commission elaborates the Statute for Tax and Tariff for the authorisation and control of nuclear activities, whenever it is necessary. The Statute, approved by the Ministry of Economy and Finance, is approved by Governmental Decision. An increase of the incomes from Euros in 2003 to Euros at th e end of 2007 has been recorded. In Figure 10.1 the evolution by year of the CNCAN incomes is presented, for the interval In 2007 a significant raise of the incomes was recorded, following the approval of the new Statute for Tax and Tariff for the authorisation and control of nuclear activities, published in the Official Gazette, Part I, no.77 from 01/02/2007. Revision of the taxes and tariffs for nuclear power plants and research reactors was done through the introduction of annual taxes/ tariffs, according to the international practices, for the significant reduction of financial transfers and of the afferent documents, and for increasing the efficiency of the licensing processes, nuclear safety documentation assessments and of constant in situ inspections of these activities. The sums for nuclear power plants and for research reactors are smaller than half of the tariffs established by the national bodies of other states that own nuclear installations, with similar activities (ex.: US-NRC annual tariffs for NPPs $/year, US-NRC annual tariffs for research reactors $/an)

207 6,000,000 4,949,935 5,000,000 4,000,000 Euro 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,217,632 1,584,567 2,267,592 2,582,652 1,000, Fig.10.1 Incomes between 2003 and 2007 In Fig.10.2 the incomes status is presented by trimesters for Quarter IV, 834,660, 17% Quarter I, 1,351,245, 27% Quarter III, 984,231, 20% Quarter III, 1,779,779, 36% Fig.10.2 Incomes by trimesters in 2007 The positive evolu tion of the incomes allows a raise of the expenditures. Raise of the expenditures from one year to another was done mainly in a direct proportionality with the incomes. In Fig the level of expenditures for is presented

208 6,000,000 5,726,808 5,000,000 4,000,000 2,815,310 (Euro) 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000, ,828 1,397,796 1,741, Fig Expenditure between 2003 and 2007 Between 2003 and 2005 raises of the expenditures were recorded due to the volumes of investments in IT and highly performing technical equipment, for ensuring the CNCAN personnel activity to the parameters requested by the European integration process and recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency in Wien. In 2007, the main investment consisted in the acquisition of new headquarters. In the years 2006 and 2007, raises of the investment volumes were recorded, for which considerable financial efforts were made for the acquisition of new automobiles, as well as for the acquisition of new headquarters (in 2007) ,664, , , ,000 1,000,000 1,500, 000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 (Euro) Fig Investments between 2003 and 2007 In Fig.10.5 the structure of expenditures by trimester is presented for It can be observed that in the third trimester the expenditures raised considerably (58%). The raise is due to the acquisition of new headquarters

209 10,000,000 (Euro) 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 1,351, ,061 3,131,043 1,415,617 4,115,275 4,753,741 4,949,935 5,731,587 0 Quarter I Quarter III Quarter III Quarter IV Fig.10.5 Expenditures by trimester in 2007 By analysing the structure of expenditures, it can be noticed that, out of the expenditures between 2003 and 2007, weight of the expenses for salaries of CNCAN personnel has a reversed proportionality with the level of total expenses, which points out the application of a management for investments at high parameters, as well as a balanced policy for salaries % 5,726, % 2,815, % 1,741, % 1,397, % 409,828 Total expenditures Salary expenditures Fig.10.6 Weight of salary expenditures from total expenditures 10.4 Human resources The human resources management is ensured to the speciality compartment level in the CNCAN structures, in conformity with the particularities and necessities for development of the specific activity areas. Administration of the personnel s data

210 is ensured through the Human Resources Compartment which, in conformity with the institution s organisational chart, reports directly to the CNCAN President. The CNCAN human resources policy aims at maintaining, recruitment and bringing into the system of qualified personnel; the continuous improvement of the professional competence and the development of capabilities for assessments, analyses, expertises and control activities in the nuclear field. Also, through the human resources strategy the scope of rejuvenating of the structure was pursued, with fructifying the experience of the institution s professionals, so as the experience and ideas exchange between generations to be encouraged. Development of the human resources involves training of the personnel so as they can understand the needs of the organisation. CNCAN ensures professional training of the personnel through courses and perfecting / specialisation time in the country (over 42 people) and abroad. For this purpose, CNCAN own resources and the technical assistance offered by the IAEA, the European Commission, Great Britain and USA through DOE and US-NRC. In 2007 CNCAN continued to apply the best practices regarding human resources management for the efficiency of the institution s activity, by: Considering the human factor as vital resource; Correlation in an integrate manner, of the politics and systems regarding the human resources with the CNCAN mission and strategy; Sustained concern for concentrating and directing of the individual capacities and efforts for the efficient fulfilment of the established mission and objectives; Development of a healthy organisational culture. In 2007 CNCAN has organised 13 contest sessions for the occupation of vacant places. This process was finalised with 17 new employees. The fluctuation of personnel within CNCAN was approximately low in Between 2006 and 2007, the medium age of CNCAN personnel was 41 years old. The structure of personnel consists of 56 % women and 44% men. In 2007, CNCAN promoted a number of 37 employees. Distribution of CNCAN personnel by age is presented in Fig and the distribution on levels of study, in December 2007, is presented in Fig

211 Under 30 years 35 Be tw een 30 and 40 years 38 Be tw een 40 and 50 years 35 Over 50 years Fig Distribution of CNCAN personnel by age Post high School 3 Average 17 University, short duration 3 University Fig Distribution of CNCAN personnel by study levels in December

212 Chapter 11 Public Relations 11.1 Introduction In its current activities for ensuring public access to information, CNCAN respected the provisions of Law 544/2001 on the free access to public interest information, GO no. 27/2002 regarding the regulation of the petition solving activity, modified and completed by Law 233/2002, GD no. 1723/2004 on the approval of the Program for measurements for struggling against birocracy in the public relations activity and, implicitly respecting article 31 from the Romanian Constitution: A person s right to have access to any kind of public interest information cannot be limited. CNCAN has promptly answered to solicitations from the public and massmedia, giving special attention to: Promptitude; Professionalism; Accessibility; Honesty an Transparency Communication with the public During 2007, communication of the institution with the public was made through: Input on the CNCAN web site of relevant materials and news for public information; Press releases; Press information facts; Press invitations; Press news; Organisation of thematic conferences or with the occasion of events which represented interest for the public; Organisation of public events; Formulation of speciality answers (with the support of the technical directions) to received solicitations; Information given by CNCAN was taken by the mass media and was brought to the public attention thru publishing of 87 articles, out of which: 78 articles in the central press; 9 articles in the local press

213 Communication of the institution with the mass media was constant and had a major contribution to the information of the public with regard to CNCAN actions and activities Pozitive Comments Neutral Comments Fig CNCAN apparitions in the press 11.3 Press conference organisation In 2007 CNCAN has organised thematic press conferences, or with the occasion of relevant events for its activity, events which were also of public interest. The following subjects were approached during the press conferences: Dynamic of the CNCAN licensing, regulation and control activities in 2007; Quantification of radiation doses received by the population following the use of radiological type medical installations; Medical exposure to ionising radiations of the patients. Control of nuclear materials; Physical protection of nuclear materials, prevention and fighting illicit traffic with radioactive materials; Counteracting of terrorist acts which aim at breaching nuclear security and safety; CNCAN approval for raising to Full Power of the Unit 2 of Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant; Celebration of 25 from issuing the first regulations on Quality Assurance in the nuclear field;

214 Celebration of 46 years of licensing, regulation and control in the nuclear field in Romania. Signing of the collaboration protocol between CNCAN and the General Inspectorate of the Frontier Police on the accomplishment of operative data and information exchange with reference to illicit traffic incidents with nuclear materials, materials of nuclear-type interest, materials with double utilisation, radioactive materials, devices, equipment and pertinent information regarding proliferation of nuclear weapons and other explosive nuclear devices. Fig CNCAN/DRI press conference Fig CNCAN/DRN press conference

215 Fig CNCAN/DCC press conference 11.4 Signing of the CNCAN ANM collaboration protocol According to the protocol, The National Administration for Meteorology (ANM) will support the activity of the CNCAN Emergency Centre with the results of calculations for the spread direction of the radioactive cloud that could be released into the atmosphere, in the situation of a nuclear or radiological accident on the territory of Romania. The information received will constitute the basis of analyses and decisions for the protection of the population, which might be taken by The General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations (IGSU) and would be available rapidly, at any hour of day or night, in real situations or for exercises, at CNCAN request. In continuation of an older collaboration, the two institutions have engaged themselves in an efficient cooperation meant for the support of the intervention activity in case of a nuclear or radiological accident on the territory of Romania. Fig Aspects from the signing of the CNCAN ANM Protocol