SMART AMBULANCE WITH TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM USING RFID AND IOT. Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

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1 SMART AMBULANCE WITH TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM USING RFID AND IOT G.VIJAYAKUMARI 1, S.SIVAKAMI 2 S.NANDINI 3, S.ASHWINI 4 1,2 Assistant Professor, New Prince Shri Bhavani College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. 3,4 UG student, New Prince Shri Bhavani College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. 1 varsisen@gmail.com, 2 ersivakami@gmail.com, 3 nandini.sece14@newprinceshribhavani.com, 4 ashwinisekar.dhana@gmail.com Abstract: Road traffic congestion becomes a major issue for highly crowded metropolitan cities like Chennai. Ambulance service is one of the major services which gets affected by traffic jams. To smoothen the movement of ambulance we have come up with the solution of Smart Ambulance with traffic control system using RFID and IoT. The proposed system uses an RFID module containing a tag attached to all the vehicles and an algorithm to distinguish ambulance vehicles from other ordinary vehicles. NodeMCU is used here as an IoT module to establish a communication channel between the ambulance and the traffic signal. Through the NodeMCU board commands are sent by either the ambulance driver or the traffic control room to make the signal green for the ambulance to pass by. After the ambulance has crossed the signal, the traffic management system, regains its original flow of sequence of traffic signaling. Key words: RFID module, NodeMCU board, Arduino Uno IDE. 1. INTRODUCTION The main concept behind the paper is to provide a smooth flow for the ambulance to reach the hospitals in time and thereby minimizing the delay caused by traffic congestion. Radio Frequency Identification tag is a small electronic chip comprising of an integrated circuit and an antenna. The RFID reader uses electromagnetic waves to provide the RFID tag with the necessary power required for interrogation and obtaining a response[3]. There are three main types of RFID tags, passive, active and semi-active. We have used a passive RFID tag which is cheap in cost and does not require a power source for operation. Initial power is passed to the Journal of Innovation in Science and Engineering Research Page 468

2 EM4100 passive tag through the antenna via the 134 khz frequency signal emitted by the antenna driver integrated in the RFID reader[6]. NodeMCU is an IoT platform integrated in this system for enabling the direct control of the traffic signal by the ambulance driver as well as enabling the ambulance to communicate with the devices related to traffic control. NodeMCU consists of a WiFi esp8266 module which is used to execute the IoT operations. Wireless Fidelity operates over a certain medium distance and availability of communication channels is also efficient. In case of emergency, the ambulance can avail the smart technologies of both RFID and IoT. In this paper, the smart traffic control system is achieved using two major technologies: RF technology. IoT. RF is used to track the arrival of ambulance at traffic up to a certain distance. IoT platform is used for establishing a communication link between the ambulance and various traffic related devices. 2. EXISTING WORK In the existing systems for traffic management have used a varied range of technologies such as IR sensors, Ultrasonic sensors and Inductive loops. IR sensor has a low range for detection maximum up to 10m[7]. It consumes more power and current (20 to 150 ma). Low data rate only between 500 bps to 1 kbps. Moreover Infrared sensors suffer from LOS (line of sight) problem, is easily vulnerable and can be obstructed by obstacles [1]. Ultrasonic sensors are frequency limited. Integrity is difficult since the output is of radiography format [2]. Inductive loops is an instrument which is used to calculate the traffic density from various lanes and provide solutions for smart traffic control by adjusting the time period for GREEN time and allowing the flow of traffic. The hardware circuitry is complex in such cases and power consumption is also high [4][5]. Journal of Innovation in Science and Engineering Research Page 469

3 3. PROPOSED WORK An IoT chip embedded with a WiFi module developed on an Ardunio Uno IDE platform is used for the ambulance to communicate with the traffic signal system. The ambulance driver will have a monitor display with which he enrolls himself with the traffic control management system to acquire the database of the traffic and signal status. The ambulance driver logins as a registered member of the traffic control system before commencement of journey. Once he anticipates the occurrence of a jam he immediately fetches values from the signal and sends a command through the WiFi module to make it GREEN. In case at that point there is a network failure, RFID takes over the control. The RFID reader acquires the information on the tag. A traffic scheduling algorithm as well as a vehicle distinguishing algorithm is embedded inside the system which differentiates the ambulance vehicle from ordinary vehicles. The database comprising of ambulance vehicle RFID tag numbers is sent to the traffic control room via the web server. Once the ambulance is uniquely identified as an emergency vehicle, the traffic control room will receive a prompt to change the signal. If the traffic signal is found to be in RED or YELLOW, the traffic control room will automatically change the traffic signal to GREEN without any delay of processing the request. This enables the smooth flow of traffic as well as the passing of ambulance across that signal at that instant of time. Journal of Innovation in Science and Engineering Research Page 470

4 Sends Commands Monitor and Buttons Acquires database Intergration RFID tag RFID reader Node MCU board Traffic signal Response Collect Data Traffic control room Traffic Database Web Server Sends Commands Figure.1 Block diagram of ambulance system Figure.2 Node MCU Board Journal of Innovation in Science and Engineering Research Page 471

5 Figure.3 Pin Diagram of Node MCU Board Specifications of Node MCU Board: Voltage:3.3V. Wi-Fi Direct (P2P) Current consumption: 10uA~170mA. Flash memory attachable: 16MB max (512K normal). Integrated TCP/IP protocol stack. Processor: 32-bit. Processor speed: 80~160MHz. RAM: 32K + 80K. GPIOs: 17 (multiplexed with other functions). Maximum concurrent TCP connections: 5. Figure.4 RFID Reader Journal of Innovation in Science and Engineering Research Page 472

6 Specifications of RFID Reader: 5VDC through USB (External 5V supply will boost range of the module) Current: <50mA Operating Frequency: 125Khz Read Distance: 10cm Size of RFID reader module: 32mm(length) * 32mm(width) * 8mm(height) Figure.5 RFID Tag Specifications of RFID Tag : 64 bit memory. Full wave rectifier on chip. Operating frequency khz. Very small chip size convenient for implantation. Very low power consumption. Journal of Innovation in Science and Engineering Research Page 473

7 START LOCAL HOST LOGIN SIGNALS AUTOMATIC MODE MANUAL MODE Smart Traffic management READ RFID TAG FETCH THE VALUES FROM THE SIGNALS N Is the Vehicle an ambulance? If RED N NO INPUTS Y GREEN<------RED Y Input GREEN GREEN< RED Flow Chart of ambulance system Implementation of the Proposed System: Step 1: Registration: Journal of Innovation in Science and Engineering Research Page 474

8 Step 2: Login: Step 3: View the traffic signal database: Step 4: Fetch values from the traffic signal: Journal of Innovation in Science and Engineering Research Page 475

9 Step 5: Change the signal status: The advantages of proposed work are to reduced time delay in reaching the hospital and traffic is cleared before occurrence of jam. It works on RFID technology, so that can covers a longer distance and uninterrupted even in the presence of obstacles. Hence gives us a robust system. It is economically feasible and user friendly. This system is safety and reliable. It is applicable in developing regions, during traffic congestion. It is used for effective traffic management and emergency vehicles such as ambulance, fire brigade and police vehicle. 4. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION Journal of Innovation in Science and Engineering Research Page 476

10 In comparison with IR technology RF technology provides a wide range of signal availability and longer distance (up to 100 m). The RF technology uses EM spectra which provide a higher data rate up to 100 kbps. Low power consumption since EM waves is widely available in the atmosphere and consumes current only from 5 to 20 ma. RF provides a robust system and penetrates through the obstacles. Chances of failure are less. 30% of the traffic congestion is reduced using the proposed smart traffic mechanism implemented using vehicle actuators that determine the density of traffic at a particular traffic signal and assigns the time duration for the signal to glow in Green, Yellow and Red colours based on the different traffic situations and conditions. 5. CONCLUSION Human life is precious and must follow safety measures in all aspects and this includes ambulance services as well. By using smart ambulance system, we can achieve the uninterrupted service of the traffic control system by implementing the alternate methods for signal change to allow flow control. RFID is a more accurate and a robust system technology. This system is cost effective, and deployed using IoT, which makes it more efficient. REFERENCES [1] Maram Bani Younes, Azzedine Boukerche, Intelligent Traffic Light Controlling Algorithms Using Vehicular Networks, IEEE transactions on vehicular technology. Aug 10, [2] Ossama Younis, Employing Cyber-Physical Systems: Dynamic Traffic Light Control at Road Intersections, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, [3] A.Rajkiran, M.Anusha, Intelligent Automatic Vehicle Accident Detection System Using Wireless Communication, International Journal of Research Studies in Science, Engineering and Technology Volume 1, Issue 8, November [4] Veera Venkatesh, Nazneen Syed, Smart Traffic Control System for Emergency Vehicle Clearance, International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 3, Issue 8, August [5] D. Sandeep Reddy, Vandhana Khare, A Smart Ambulance System, International Journal of Innovative Technologies Vol.05,Issue.02, February-2017 Journal of Innovation in Science and Engineering Research Page 477

11 [6] Dr.J.L.Mazher Iqbal, S.Heena Kousar, Automatic Vehicle Accident Detection and Reporting With Black Box, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN Vol. 10 No.87 (Dec 2015) [7] Hrishikesh Murkut, Fazal Patil, Vishal Yadav, Meghana Deshpande, Automatic Accident Detection and Rescue with Ambulance, International Journal of Electronics and ommunication Engineering (IJECE) Volume 2 Issue 6 June 2015 Journal of Innovation in Science and Engineering Research Page 478