An Evaluation of Environmental Impacts of Different Truck Sizes in Last Mile Distribution in the city of São Paulo, Brazil

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "An Evaluation of Environmental Impacts of Different Truck Sizes in Last Mile Distribution in the city of São Paulo, Brazil"

Transcription

1 An Evaluation of Environmental Impats of Different Truk Sizes in Last Mile Distribution in the ity of São Paulo, Brazil Nathalia C. Zambuzi 1, Claudio B. Cunha 1, Edgar Blano 2, Hugo Yoshizaki 1, Carla D. Carvalho 1 1 Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 2 Massahusetts Institute of Tehnology, Cambridge, USA {nathalia.zambuzi@usp.br, bunha@usp.br, eblano@mit.edu, hugo@usp.br, darval@gmail.om} Abstrat. Motivated by regulations that have prohibited the traffi of large freight vehiles in an inner area of 100 km2 in the ity of São Paulo, Brazil, in this paper we evaluate the impat of this poliy on CO2 emissions by delivery vehiles. These emissions are estimated for two different sizes of freight vehiles under different operational senarios: the so-alled VUCs (4 ton Urban Freight Vehiles) and larger rigid truks (9 ton). Using different ustomer densities, drop sizes, and distribution enter distanes obtained from a sample survey, as well as Daganzo s ontinuous approximations for trip lengths and the NTM method, trade-off urves have been onstruted. From these urves, it an be seen that bigger vehiles are, on most ases, a better hoie than VUCs regarding emission, showing that this poliy annot be generalized for every supply hain. Keywords: Urban Freight, Environmental Impats, Freight Poliies, CO2 emissions. 1 Introdution Aording to the United Nations, São Paulo is the largest ity in the Southern Hemisphere [1]. With more than 4.5 million ars, truks and buses flowing every day [2], heavy ongestion, noise, vibration, traffi aidents and air pollution affet everybody. Aording to the Environment Ageny of the State of São Paulo [3], motor vehiles were responsible for the emission of 260,000 t of air pollutants in 2014, almost 90% of total emissions in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. Truks generated 11% of that total (28,000 t), but aounted for less than 3% of the total fleet. Additionally, high levels of air pollution in São Paulo redue life expetany by one and a half years [4]. Even though freight vehiles have a signifiant ontribution to road ongestion and CO2 emissions, they also supply goods to more than 200,000 ommerial establishments aross the muniipality of São Paulo [5]. These goods satisfy, every day, the onsumption and servie needs of its 11 million itizens. Planning and implementing ations and poliies that seek to balane the need for goods and environmental onerns, have inreasingly been identified as a fundamental role in a modern ity [6]. To redue the ongestion and mitigate its environmental impats, São Paulo authorities have implemented initiatives suh as liense plate rotation for passenger ars and ommerial vehiles, and restrited hours in whih is allowed the irulation of truks. Roughly, those restritions apply within the Maximum Traffi Restrition Zone (Zona Máxima de Restrição de Cirulação - ZMRC). The ZMRC omprises an inner and denser area of 100 km2, with a higher onentration of traffi, stores and servie in São Paulo City. Traditional truks are prohibited to irulate within or aross the ZMRC during speifi periods: Mondays to Fridays between 5 am and 9 pm and on Saturdays between 10 am and 2 pm. Sine 2008, smaller truks, known as Veíulos Urbanos de Carga or VUC (aronym for urban freight vehile) are allowed to drive throughout the ity with no time restritions, exept the liense plate rotation. They are muh more agile than larger truks, thus merge better with ar traffi, but are also less produtive. As most ustomers insisted in daytime deliveries, this has resulted in a signifiant growth of the VUC fleet: 67% over the last ten years [7], against an inrease of 6% of other freight vehiles. In this ontext, this paper aims to analyze and estimate the environmental impat of this poliy, from a CO2 emissions point of view, whih in pratie substituted VUCs for regular truks. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Setion 2 presents essential literature of both arbon emissions and length of delivery routes estimations. In Setion 3, we detail the proposed model for estimating CO2 emissions. Setion 4 desribes the values used for the model parameters. Results are presented and disussed in Setion 5. Finally, setion 6 makes final remarks and outlines some diretions for future researh

2 ILS Conferene 2016, June 1 4, Bordeaux, Frane 2 Carbon emission methods in transportation ativities and delivery route length In this paper, we use CO2 emissions estimation methods that are ativity-based, i.e., the emission fators are estimated based on a referene model and database that relates a partiular transportation ativity to the emissions aused by that ativity. In the GHG Protool methodology, the required parameters in order to estimate emissions (if fuel onsumption information is not available) are freight distane traveled (ton x kilometer) and type of vehile (individual type emission fators). The most ommon database is the data provided by the United States Environmental Protetion Ageny - EPA (GHG Protool Calulation Tools) [8]. Unfortunately, EPA uses the same emission fator regardless of the type of vehile or type of road and travel speed, by assuming an average unity fuel onsumption for the diesel truks [9][10]. This methodology does not inlude a speifi load fator, and therefore is based on an average utilization per truk. An alternative ativity-based methodology is the one developed by the Network for Transport Measures NTM in Europe [11]. The NTM methodology, at the highest level of aggregation, is also based on an average utilization per truk, but type of road and type of vehile are required to estimate fuel onsumption. At the next level of detail, NTM methodology requires detailed parameters: fuel onsumption, distane traveled and weight per shipment. Fuel onsumption is a funtion of the type of truk/trailer, the load fator and the type of road. Velásquez et. al. [12] have shown that higher resolution modeling of CO2 emissions is relevant for deision making. For the purpose of this paper, we will use NTM method at this higher aggregation level. With respet to delivery tour lengths, Daganzo [13] proposed an analytial strategy to determine good traveling salesman tours and estimate their lengths in zones of irregular shapes. Daganzo and Newell [14] analyzed the osts involved in distributing items from a warehouse or depot to randomly sattered ustomers on a daily basis, and derived expressions to determine tour lengths based on density of stops and their average distane to the depot when the loation of the delivery points annot be determined. Motivated by the fat that in most real problems, the road network is a rough ombination of Eulidean, retangular, or ring-radial metri, Galvão et al. [15] applied a multipliatively weighted Voronoi diagram formulation to finding a near optimal partition of the served region into delivery zones or distrits. The Voronoi diagram approah aims to smooth distrit ontours. The method was applied to solve the parel delivery problem that had been previously analyzed by Novaes and Graiolli [16] [17]. The resulting distrit ontours are smoother and loser to onfiguration ontours enountered in pratial situations. The resulting region partition led to a more balaned time/apaity utilization (load fators) aross the distrits. These approximation methods form the basis for our trip length estimations. 3 Estimating CO2 emissions in the ZMRC 3.1 Assumptions on Traveled Distanes and Customers Demands A delivery vehile must visit a ertain number of ustomers in its delivery route, aording to the demand and to its load apaity. For the same ompany, it is assumed that all ustomers' orders have the same basi harateristis, i.e., items delivered belong to the same ategory and drop sizes are omparable during the entire route, i.e., they do not differ signifiantly among deliveries and thus an be used to determine how many vehiles are required to servie an area, as detailed in the following subsetion. All the deliveries are assumed to be made by driving the vehile to the ustomers to be servied. The vehile starts its route from the ompany s depot/distribution enter and travels to the delivery area. After serviing all the ustomers, the vehile must return to the depot/distribution enter. These two legs of the round trip are assumed to be of same length, named here as line haul distane (d l ), see Figure 1. The average distane between two onseutive ustomers d is a funtion of a density parameter, desribed in the model as ustomers per blok. We estimate d using the formulation proposed by Daganzo [13] [14] developed an approximate formula for expeted tour length in zones of irregular shape that is a funtion of the area density levels. Assuming N points uniformly and independently sattered on a region of area A Daganzo (1984) shows that the expeted tour length L is given by: 2 L l NA (1) - 2 -

3 ILS Conferene 2016, June 1 4, Bordeaux, Frane Figure 1: Traveled distanes for a delivery vehile route Where: : tour length fator, given as a funtion of the shape/density onstant ; : density of points; l : smaller side of a retangular-shape zone where points are loated N : number of points loated in a onneted region of a plane, onsidered here as the total number of visited ustomers; A: area of the plane where the N points are loated, i.e., the delivery area. The author shows that for zones with l 2 12, the tour length fator should be equal to 0.9: L 0. 9 NA (2) Using a density parameter of ustomers/blok and onsidering a blok a surfae of 100 m x 100 m, the average distane between two onseutive ustomers (d ), is given by Expression 3: where: d 0. 9 * 100 d : average distane between two onseutive ustomers [m]; : density of ustomers [ustomers/blok]. Thus, the total traveled distane by a delivery vehile, an be then obtained by Expression 4: d 2 d n (4) l d where: D : total traveled distane by the delivery vehile; d : line haul distane; d l : the average distane between two onseutive ustomers; n: number of ustomers visited by the vehile on the delivery route. The CO 2 emissions are then estimated using the NTM methodology. For a vehile type v, travelling on a road of type r, CO 2 emissions ECO (, ) 2 v r depends on three main parameters, as in: E EF FC D (5) CO2 ( v, r ) ( f ) ( v, r ) ( v, r ) Where: EF ( f ) : emission fator of CO 2 [g/l], for fleet's fuel type f; FC ( v, r ) : fuel onsumption rate [l/km] of fleet's vehile type v, driving on a road type r; D the distane traveled [km] by vehile type v on a road type r. ( v, r ) In summary, using Expression 4 to estimate the total traveled distane of the delivery vehile and onsidering a homogenous vehile fleet and a single type of road, the total emissions E ( ) CO 2 V for an entire daily delivery operations of a ompany is given by: E CO2 ( V ) EF FC 2 V d ( f ) ( v, r ) l N d (3) (6) - 3 -

4 ILS Conferene 2016, June 1 4, Bordeaux, Frane where: V: total number of delivery vehiles required; d : line haul distane (road type r); l d : the average distane between two onseutive ustomers (road type r). The daily number of ustomers varies signifiantly by different produts and ompanies. Thus, the total number of servied ustomers (N) is a funtion of the density parameter and the delivery area (A): N 100 A (7) where: A: delivery area [km 2 ]. 3.4 Delivery Vehiles Assumptions Two type of vehiles are ompared for the analysis: VUC and a standard truk named TOCO. As mentioned before, a VUC is a small vehile speially designed to meet São Paulo's regulations, inluding a smaller payload. It is the only type of delivery vehile allowed to irulate within the ZMRC of São Paulo during daytime. TOCO is a larger vehile ommonly used in urban freight in Brazil. When a poliy restrits the maximum size or weight of delivery vehiles, it restrits the load apaity of these vehiles and, therefore, the number of ustomers they an visit on a single route. Thus, if N is the total numbers of ustomers to be visited in a daily delivery operation (required by Expression 7), the number of required vehiles (V) is: N s 1 V, V V W / ' m i n n Z n V (8) Where: s : drop size of ustomer (assumed to be the same for all ustomers); W : maximum load apaity of the vehile, in ton or m 3, whihever is more binding. 4 Model parameters 4.1 Vehile Parameters Table 1 presents the assumed values for the parameters of the two vehile types used for the quantitative analysis. As dimensions and load apaities vary, a standard VUC and a standard TOCO are adopted. The standard VUC and TOCO are represented by models ACCELO 815/31 and ATEGO 1419/48 by Meredes Benz. Fuel onsumptions and emission fators are based on the GHG Protool Brazilian Program: for VUC and TOCO they are based, respetively, on the average fuel onsumption for a light truk (TGW between 3.5 and 10 tons) and a medium truk (TGW between 10 and 15 tons). The CO 2 emission fator, in turn, depends only on the type of fuel used by the vehile. Table 1: Vehile Parameters Parameter VUC TOCO Average external dimensions x x x x (lenght x width x height) [m] Total gross weight (TGW) [t] Average load apaity [t] Fuel Diesel Diesel Fuel onsumption [l/km] CO 2 emission fator [kg/l] Soure: Meredes Benz and GHG Protool Brazilian Program (2013) - 4 -

5 ILS Conferene 2016, June 1 4, Bordeaux, Frane 4.2 Delivery Parameters Table 2 lists the parameters required to estimate the total number of vehiles for a daily delivery operation. They are based on several observations, detailed field surveys and route shadowings performed in the ity of São Paulo in 2012 and Delivery time parameters (a and b) are based on average values from data olleted. We onsider the same type of road for the entire delivery route as São Paulo is mainly omposed of urban streets and the traveled distanes on not-urban roads observed are irrelevant. The adopted value for vehile's speed is of 50 km/h, onsidering the historial average speeds for the morning period (Map data 2013 Google, MapLink) and the speed limit of 60 km/h for most of São Paulo s urban roads. The delivery area is 968 km 2, whih is the urban area of the ity of São Paulo (Embrapa, 2013). This does not negate the insights of the analysis, one it only influenes the proportions of the delivery operation. In other words, for a given density of ustomers per blok, the number of ustomers is proportional to the extent of delivery area, as it is the number of vehiles required and their total travelled distane. The last three parameters of Table 2, ompany's line haul distane, ustomer density and ustomers' drop size are the hanging parameters for the base senario of analysis, as explained in the following setion. Table 2: Delivery Parameters Parameter Adopted value Delivery time, fixed[min] a 4 Delivery time, variable [min/kg] b 0.1 Vehile speed [km/h] v 50 Delivery area [km2] A 968 Line haul distane [km] d l Variable Customer density [ustomers/blok] Variable Drop size [kg] Variable 5 Senarios and results We aim to examine senarios with the perspetive of different ompanies urban delivery systems. A ompany's urban delivery operation is omposed of three basi omponents: (i) distribution enter (DC) loation, (ii) delivery area and (iii) type of good delivered. In this sense, the base senario for a "Vehile Size/Weight Restrition" poliy is based on three parameters, ompany's line haul distane, ustomer density and ustomers' drop size, whih are strit related to these basi omponents. For eah senario analyzed, CO2 emissions from the two types of vehiles (VUC and TOCO) have been omputed using the parameters shown in Tables 1 and 2. From the base senario others are originated in whih drop size is replaed for others parameters suh as fuel onsumption, and the lowest CO2 emission type of vehile for the whole fleet is hosen as a funtion of line haul distane and ustomer density. Eah urve is alled indifferene urve, and represents the points where CO2 emissions are the same for VUC and TOCO, i.e., below or above the indifferene urve, one of them is the less pollutant hoie. In addition, the analysis also takes into onsideration two different types of delivery-profiles, based on the density of ustomers from two ompanies making deliveries in São Paulo: a beverage ompany and a small groery retailer. These ompanies are represented in the following harts as a point representing their density and line haul distane. The beverage ompany delivers to more than 3,500 ustomers per day, whih orresponds to a density of about ustomers/blok, and has its distribution enter loated inside the ity limits, only three kilometers far from ity enter. The groery retailer ompany attends approximately 100 stores per day, resulting in a density of about ustomers/blok, and its distribution enter is loated 21 kilometers far from ity enter. The "Vehile's size/weight restrition" poliy is strit related to vehile's load apaity, whih is the only determinant parameter for the total number of vehiles required for a daily delivery operation. Thus, onsidering the same number of ustomers and drop size, and no other restrition (suh as driver's working hours or ustomer s reeiving hours), more small vehiles are needed than bigger ones

6 ILS Conferene 2016, June 1 4, Bordeaux, Frane 5.1 Base Senario The base senario examines the effets of different drop sizes on vehile's hoie. As shown in Figure 2, TOCO outperforms VUC when the number of ustomers dereases due to larger drop sizes. On the other hand, VUC is more suitable for areas with smaller density of ustomers and shorter line haul distanes as well. Still, as drop size inreases, TOCO would be the best option, if the poliy that restrits the traffi of larger vehiles was not effetive. For referene, atual values for two types of industries are depited in Figure 2a. Figure 2b shows a bigger sale for density values, but does not add muh to the disussion. Following figures will not show this full density sale. Density [ustomers/blok] Drop Size 50 kg 100 kg 300 kg 500 kg 700 kg 1000 kg Beverage Company Groery Retailer Company Line haul distane [km] Figure 2a: Indifferene urves: base senario - "vehile's size/weight restrition" poliy Density [ustomers/blok] Drop Size kg 100 kg 300 kg 500 kg 700 kg 1000 kg Line haul distane [km] Figure 2b: Indifferene urves: base senario - "vehile's size/weight restrition" poliy - 6 -

7 ILS Conferene 2016, June 1 4, Bordeaux, Frane 5.2 VUC's Capaity Senario "VUC's apaity" senario analyzes the effets of different load apaities for VUCs on vehile's hoie. Eah indifferene urve denotes a speifi apaity with respeted to the adopted average VUC weight apaity of 4.93 t. In this ase, the average drop size is fixed and equal to 300 kg (Figure 3). Load apaity does influene vehile hoie. Smaller apaity vehiles would be preferred for smaller ustomer density, as well as for shorter distanes. As these parameters inrease, the advantage of higher apaity vehiles also inrease. For even larger VUC apaities (higher than 6.8 ton) VUC is always the best hoie, sine its lower fuel onsumption ounterbalanes the additional number of vehiles, resulting in a lower total emission when ompared to TOCO. Thus, vehiles slightly larger than a VUC ould be a good alternative in terms of reduing air pollution and the total number of delivery vehiles on streets. Density [usomers/blok] VUC's Capaity 4 tons 4.93 tons 6 tons 6.5 tons 6.8 tons Beverage Company Groery Retailer Company Line haul distane [km] Figure 3: Indifferene urves: VUC's apaity senario 0.5 Density [ustomers/blok] VUC's Fuel Consump on 0.1 l/km 0.11 l/km 0.12 l/km l/km 0.14 l/km 0.16 l/km Beverage Company Groery Retailer Company Line haul distane [km] Figure 4: Indifferene urves: VUC's fuel onsumption senario - 7 -

8 ILS Conferene 2016, June 1 4, Bordeaux, Frane 5.3 VUC's Fuel Consumption Senario "VUC's fuel onsumption" senario examines the effets of different VUC's fuel onsumption values on vehile's hoie (Figure 4) onsidering a fixed value for drop size (300 kg). The range of values for VUC's fuel onsumption is based on standards developed by EPA and the National Highway Traffi Safety Administration (NHTSA) for future vehiles. One an note that as VUC beomes greener (due to dereased fuel onsumption rate), it beomes a better hoie than TOCO for most ombinations. 6 Final Remarks Larger truks (TOCO) have showed to be the best hoie in terms of CO2 emissions in most ases. Given its larger apaity, a smaller number of vehiles an servie more ustomers in a single route and, one VUC and TOCO use the same type of fuel, lower CO2 emissions are expeted from TOCO. Also, by onsidering different VUC apaities and fuel onsumption rates it is possible to onlude that, in order to allow the traffi of slightly larger vehiles than VUC, or to inentive the use of greener large vehiles ould be good alternatives in terms of reduing the air pollution and the total number of vehiles. Thus, this poliy of "Vehile Size/Weight Restrition" does not look appropriate from an emissions standpoint. For future works, we intend to onsider the effet of urrent truk restrition time windows, as well as atual average truk speeds obtained in the night deliveries pilot projet in São Paulo. The effets of parking availability for different truk sizes (VUC s perform better in this ase) will be also evaluated. Aknowledgments The authors thanks Itau Foundation, MISTI-Brazil and CAPES. Referenes 1. United Nations. Department of Eonomi and Soial Affairs/Population Division. World Urbanization Prospets: the 2011 Revision - Highlights. New York: United Nations publiation (2014) 2. CET-SP, Companhia de Engenharia de Tráfego, available at (2013) 3. CETESB. Companhia Ambiental de Estado de São Paulo. Governo do Estado de São Paulo: Qualidade do ar no estado de São Paulo 2014, (2015) 4. Saldiva, P.: Pobres são os mais atingidos pela poluição urbana, available at (2012) 5. Department of Finane, Government of the State of São Paulo: Registered establishments, available at (2014) 6. Taniguhi, E., Thompson, R.G.: City Logistis: Mapping the Future. Taylor and Franis, Boa Raton (2015) 7. Detran-SP, Departamento Estadual de Trânsito de São Paulo: Estatístias de trânsito: frota de veíulos em São Paulo por tipo, available at (2015) 8. EPA - U.S. Environmental protetion ageny: EPA Road: Climate hange Greenhouse gas emissions, on the Road, available at http: // (2011) 9. GHG Protool Core Module Guidane. Climate leaders. Greenhouse gas inventory protool ore module guidane, (2008) 10. EPA Environmental Protetion Ageny: Metris for GHG emissions, (2011) 11. NTM Network for Transport Measures: Environmental Dara for International Cargo Transport. Calulation methods and default data. Road Transport Europe, available at (2010) 12. Velázques-Martínez, J.C., Fransoo, J.C., Blano, E., Mora-Vargas, J.: The impat of arbon footprinting aggregation on realizing emission redution targets. Flex. Serv. Manuf. J. 26, issue 1-2, (2014) 13. Daganzo, C.: The length of tours in zones of different shapes. Transp. Res. B 18, (1984) 14. Daganzo, C., Newell, G.C.: Physial Distribution from a Warehouse: Vehile Coverage and Inventory Levels. Transp. Res. B 19, (1985) 15. Galvão, L. C., Novaes, A. G., De Cursi, J. S., & Souza, J. C.: A multipliatively-weighted Voronoi diagram approah to logistis distriting. Comput. Oper. Res. 33(1), (2006) 16. Novaes, A.G.N., Graiolli, O. D.: Designing multi-vehile delivery tours in a grid-ell format. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 119, (1999) 17. Novaes, A.G.N., Cursi, J.E.S., Graiolli, O. D.: A ontinuous approah to the design of physial distribution systems. Comput. Oper. Res. 27, (2000) - 8 -

AN EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN URBAN DISTRIBUTION

AN EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN URBAN DISTRIBUTION AN EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN URBAN DISTRIBUTION Nathalia de Castro Zambuzi Cláudio Barbieri da Cunha Departamento de Engenharia de Transportes Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo

More information

Energy Savings from Increased Preventive Maintenance on Indiana Highways

Energy Savings from Increased Preventive Maintenance on Indiana Highways TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 112 27 Energy Savings from Inreased Preventive Maintenane on Indiana Highways EssAM A. SHARAF AND KuMARES C. SINHA In this paper are desribed the development of trade-off

More information

REVENUE SHARING CONTRACT OR WHOLESALE PRICE CONTRACT? ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM VARIOUS CHANNEL POWER ARRANGEMENTS IN A TOURISM SUPPLY CHAIN

REVENUE SHARING CONTRACT OR WHOLESALE PRICE CONTRACT? ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM VARIOUS CHANNEL POWER ARRANGEMENTS IN A TOURISM SUPPLY CHAIN REVENUE SHARING CONTRACT OR WHOLESALE PRICE CONTRACT? ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM VARIOUS CHANNEL POWER ARRANGEMENTS IN A TOURISM SUPPLY CHAIN n, College of Business, Washington State University, Wilson Road,

More information

Strategic Outsourcing with Technology Transfer under Cournot Competition

Strategic Outsourcing with Technology Transfer under Cournot Competition Disussion Paper ERU/4 4 February, 4 Strategi Outsouring with Tehnology Transfer under Cournot Competition Tarun Kabiraj Indian Statistial Institute and Uday Bhanu Sinha ** Delhi Shool of Eonomis February,

More information

Camber Variability in Prestressed Concrete Bridge Beams

Camber Variability in Prestressed Concrete Bridge Beams CONCRETE BRIDGE TECHNOLOGY Camber Variability in Prestressed Conrete Bridge Beams by Dr. Maher Tadros, econstrut Beams ast with extra amber in storage yard at Conrete Tehnology Corporation; amber shown

More information

System Dynamics Optimisation Approach to Irrigation Demand Management

System Dynamics Optimisation Approach to Irrigation Demand Management Bureau of Meteorology From the SeletedWorks of Amgad Elmahdi 2005 System Dynamis Optimisation Approah to Irrigation Demand Management Amgad ELMAHDI Hetor Malano Teri Ethells Shahbaz khan Available at:

More information

Optimizing Traffic Diversion Around Bottlenecks

Optimizing Traffic Diversion Around Bottlenecks 22 Optimizing Traffi Diversion Around Bottleneks YI-CHIN HU and PAUL SCHONFELD ABSTR.CT A traffi simulation and optimization model has been developed to analyze traffi flow in large networks with severe

More information

EITF ABSTRACTS. To take advantage of new capabilities in electronic commerce and advances in computer

EITF ABSTRACTS. To take advantage of new capabilities in electronic commerce and advances in computer EITF ABSTRACTS Issue No. 97-13 Title: Aounting for Costs Inurred in Connetion with a Consulting Contrat or an Internal Projet That Combines Business Proess Reengineering and Information Tehnology Transformation

More information

TRANSLATION OF MEASURED VEHICULAR WEIGHTS INTO DESIGN LOADS TO BE USED FOR BRIDGE ENGINEERING

TRANSLATION OF MEASURED VEHICULAR WEIGHTS INTO DESIGN LOADS TO BE USED FOR BRIDGE ENGINEERING 7th International Symposium on Heavy Vehile Weights & Dimensions Delft. The Netherlands. June 16-2.22 TRANSLATION OF MEASURED VEHICULAR WEIGHTS INTO DESIGN LOADS TO BE USED FOR BRIDGE ENGINEERING ABSTRACT

More information

Effect of Variation of Fuel Composition on Gas Turbine Off-Design Performance

Effect of Variation of Fuel Composition on Gas Turbine Off-Design Performance Applied Mehanis and Materials Submitted: 2014-08-28 ISSN: 1662-7482, Vol. 666, pp 194-198 Aepted: 2014-08-28 doi:10.4028/www.sientifi.net/amm.666.194 Online: 2014-10-20 2014 Trans Teh Publiations, Switzerland

More information

No. 20 WORKING PAPER SERIES IN ECONOMICS THE IMPACT OF COMPETITION ON UNILATERAL INCENTIVES TO INNOVATE NADJA TRHAL

No. 20 WORKING PAPER SERIES IN ECONOMICS THE IMPACT OF COMPETITION ON UNILATERAL INCENTIVES TO INNOVATE NADJA TRHAL No. 0 U N I V E R S I T Y O F C O L O G N E WORKING PAPER SERIES IN ECONOMICS THE IMPACT OF COMPETITION ON UNILATERAL INCENTIVES TO INNOVATE NADJA TRHAL Department of Eonomis University of Cologne Albertus-Magnus-Platz

More information

International Journal of Research (IJR) e-issn: , p- ISSN: X Volume 3, Issue 01, January 2016

International Journal of Research (IJR) e-issn: , p- ISSN: X Volume 3, Issue 01, January 2016 International Journal of Researh (IJR) Available at http://internationaljournalofresearh.org Study of failure probability by deterministi method reliability-strength applied to metal ables intended for

More information

Alternative Skid Trail Retirement Options for Steep Terrain Logging

Alternative Skid Trail Retirement Options for Steep Terrain Logging 2001 Counil on Forest Engineering (COFE) Conferene Proeedings: Appalahian Hardwoods: Managing Change Alternative Skid Trail Retirement Options for Steep Terrain Logging Mathew F. Smidt Assistant Professor

More information

Dimensions of propulsion shafts and their permissible torsional vibration stresses

Dimensions of propulsion shafts and their permissible torsional vibration stresses (Feb 2005) (orr.1 Mar 2012) (orr.2 Nov 2012) (Rev.1 Aug 2014) (Rev.2 Apr 2015) Dimensions of propulsion shafts and their permissible torsional vibration stresses.1 Sope This UR applies to propulsion shafts

More information

Experiment Station. Department of Soil and Crop Sciences

Experiment Station. Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Tehnial Bulletin TB06-03 August 2006 Ag riultural Experiment Station College of Agriultural Sienes Department of Soil and Crop Sienes Western Colorado Researh Center Organi Alternatives for Weed Control

More information

A tradable credits scheme for VMT reduction and environmental effects: a simulation case study for Great Britain

A tradable credits scheme for VMT reduction and environmental effects: a simulation case study for Great Britain A tradable redits sheme for VMT redution and environmental effets: a simulation ase study for Great Britain Meng Xu Institute for Transport Studies University of Leeds 34-40 University Road, LS2 9JT Leeds,

More information

~ Early Life

~ Early Life Measurements and reporting systems are established Suessful validation of the deployment triggers the launh of Early Life Support (ELS). 6.0 Deploy & Verify - Q)... E Q) t1 Ol Change.r::: t1 0 t1 (jj Ol

More information

LOW FREQUENCY BUCKETS FOR INDUSTRIAL STEAM TURBINES by

LOW FREQUENCY BUCKETS FOR INDUSTRIAL STEAM TURBINES by LOW FREQUENCY BUCKETS FOR INDUSTRIAL STEAM TURBINES by Firm L. Weaver Engineering Consultant Sun City Center, Florida Firm L. Weaver graduated from Roanoke Coll ege, in Salem, Virginia, with a B.S. degree

More information

Production Cost Optimization Model Based on CODP in Mass Customization

Production Cost Optimization Model Based on CODP in Mass Customization IJCSI International Journal of Computer Siene Issues, Vol. 0, Issue, No, January 03 www.ijcsi.org 60 Prodution Cost Optimization Model Based on CODP in Mass Customization Yanhong Qin, Yuanfang Geng Shool

More information

SCANDINAVIAN FOREST ECONOMICS No. 41, 2006

SCANDINAVIAN FOREST ECONOMICS No. 41, 2006 SCANDINAVIAN FORES ECONOMICS No. 41, 26 Proeedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Sandinavian Soiety of Forest Eonomis Uppsala, Sweden, 8 th -11 th May, 26 Lars Lönnstedt and Björn Rosenquist (eds.) Uppsala

More information

Experimental and Theoretical Deflections of Hybrid Composite Sandwich Panel under Four-point Bending Load

Experimental and Theoretical Deflections of Hybrid Composite Sandwich Panel under Four-point Bending Load Civil Engineering Dimension, Vol. 19, No. 1, Marh 017, 9-5 ISSN 1410-950 print / ISSN 1979-570X online DOI: 10.9744/CED.19.1.9-5 Experimental and Theoretial Defletions of Hybrid Composite Sandwih Panel

More information

Welfare impacts of alternative biofuel and energy policies

Welfare impacts of alternative biofuel and energy policies Eonomis Working Papers (2002 2016) Eonomis 6-9-2010 Welfare impats of alternative biofuel and energy poliies Jingbo Cui Iowa State University, jbui2013@gmail.om Harvey E. Lapan Iowa State University, hlapan@iastate.edu

More information

Buildup Factors Calculation for a 1-MeV Point Isotropic Source in Iron, Concrete, and. Water. Skyler Butler, Maria Pinilla

Buildup Factors Calculation for a 1-MeV Point Isotropic Source in Iron, Concrete, and. Water. Skyler Butler, Maria Pinilla Buildup Fators Calulation for a 1-MeV Point Isotropi Soure in Iron, Conrete, and Water Skyler Butler, Maria Pinilla Abstrat This experiment alulates the buildup fators for 1-MeV point isotropi soure of

More information

Corrosion of reinforcing steel is widely accepted as the

Corrosion of reinforcing steel is widely accepted as the Strength eterioration of Reinfored Conrete Columns Exposed to Chloride Attak R. Greo, G.C. Marano Abstrat This paper fouses on reinfored onrete olumns load arrying apaity degradation over time due to hloride

More information

Integrated optimization and multi-agent technology for combined production and transportation planning

Integrated optimization and multi-agent technology for combined production and transportation planning Integrated optimization and multi-agent tehnology for ombined prodution and transportation planning Jan A. Persson 1 and Paul Davidsson 2 1 Blekinge Institute of Tehnology, Department Systems and Software

More information

Designing 1 kw PEMFC APU for 4 passenger vehicle

Designing 1 kw PEMFC APU for 4 passenger vehicle Projet Report 2008 TRRF05 Fuel Cell Tehnology Deember 7 th, 2008 Designing 1 kw PEMFC APU for 4 passenger vehile Munir Ahmed Khan Department of Energy Sienes, Faulty of Engineering Lund University, Box

More information

COMMON ABUSES OF HAY TESTING RESULTS by Dan Putnam 1

COMMON ABUSES OF HAY TESTING RESULTS by Dan Putnam 1 COMMON ABUSES OF HAY TESTING RESULTS by Dan Putnam 1 r f ABSTRACT There is muh onern about the reliability ofhay test results and how lab results impat prie and sales ofhay. However, some of the onern

More information

SHIP TRAFFIC IN CONTAINER PORT: MODELLING METHODOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

SHIP TRAFFIC IN CONTAINER PORT: MODELLING METHODOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION SHIP TRAFFIC IN CONTAINER PORT: MODELLING METHODOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION Assoiate Professor Branislav DRAGOVIĆ 1 1) Maritime Faulty, University of Montenegro, Maritime Transport & Traffi Division

More information

Department of Economics. Strategic Choice of Network Externality

Department of Economics. Strategic Choice of Network Externality Department of Eonomis Working Paper Series Strategi Choie of Network Externality Yuanzhu u & Sougata Poddar 05/03 Strategi Choie of Network Externality Yuanzhu u Sougata Poddar China Eonomis and Management

More information

Continuous temperature measurements on the pouring stand for casting moulds

Continuous temperature measurements on the pouring stand for casting moulds ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Aademy of Sienes ISSN (897-330) Volume 8 Issue /008 75 80 5/ Continuous temperature measurements

More information

Permanent Link:

Permanent Link: Citation: Boswell, Brian and Chandratilleke, Tilak. 2009. Sustainable Metal Cutting, in TIC-STH ommittee (ed), 2009 IEEE Toronto International Conferene Siene and Tehnology for Humanity, Sep 26 2009. Ryerson

More information

Economic Assessment of Intensive Culture

Economic Assessment of Intensive Culture Reprodued from JOURNAL OF FORESTRY, Vol. 76, No. 11, November 1978, by the FOREST SERVICE, U.S. Department of Agriulture, for offiial use. About This File:,. lhis file was reated by sanning the printed

More information

Optimizing the Allocation of Marketing Promotional Contacts

Optimizing the Allocation of Marketing Promotional Contacts Optimizing the Alloation of Marketing Promotional Contats Keith Hermiz, Ph.D., IBM Helene Miller, IBM Dhanesh Padmanabhan, Marketis Tehnologies Abstrat The typial marketing environment in the business-to-business

More information

Strategic Choice of Network Externality and its Impact on Digital Piracy

Strategic Choice of Network Externality and its Impact on Digital Piracy From the SeletedWorks of Sougata Poddar Summer 06 Strategi Choie of Network Externality and its Impat on Digital Piray Sougata Poddar, University of Redlands Yuanzhu u, Central University of Finane and

More information

Socio-demographic Characteristics and The Preference of Bangkok s Condominium Location

Socio-demographic Characteristics and The Preference of Bangkok s Condominium Location Senior Researh Soio-demographi Charateristis and The Preferene of Bangkok s Condominium Loation Rattanakorn Nitkitsomboon 534 59051 29 Advisor: Thanee Chaiwat, Ph.D. April 21, 2014 Senior Researh Submitted

More information

Research on Traveling Routes Problems Based on Improved Ant Colony Algorithm

Research on Traveling Routes Problems Based on Improved Ant Colony Algorithm Communiations and Network, 2013, 5, 606-610 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/n.2013.53b2109 Published Online September 2013 (http://www.sirp.org/journal/n) Researh on Traveling Routes Problems Based on Improved

More information

Feed-Time Distribution in Pneumatic Feeding of Softwood Seedlings

Feed-Time Distribution in Pneumatic Feeding of Softwood Seedlings Journal of Forest Engineering 49 FeedTime Distribution in Pneumati Feeding of Softwood Seedlings Ulf Hallonborg The Forestry Researh Institute of Sweden Uppsala, Sweden ABSTRACT Long seedling feed times

More information

Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Concrete Manish Kumar 1, A.M. ASCE; Zhaoyu Ma 2 ; Moses Matovu 2

Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Concrete Manish Kumar 1, A.M. ASCE; Zhaoyu Ma 2 ; Moses Matovu 2 1.1 Introdution Mehanial Properties of High-Strength Conrete Manish Kumar 1, A.M. ASCE; Zhaoyu Ma 2 ; Moses Matovu 2 Mehanial properties of High-Strength Conrete (HSC) an be divided in two groups as shortterm

More information

Proposal for a new shear design method

Proposal for a new shear design method Chapter 6 Proposal for a new shear design method The behaviour of beams failing in shear has been studied in the previous hapters, with speial attention paid to high-strength onrete beams. Some aspets

More information

Generating Light from Stoves using a Thermoelectric Generator

Generating Light from Stoves using a Thermoelectric Generator Generating Light from Stoves using a Thermoeletri Generator Dan Mastbergen, dmast@engr.olostate.edu Dr. Bryan Willson, Bryan.Willson@olostate.edu Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory Department of

More information

The influence of pallets on the behaviour and design of steel drive-in storage racks - Part II Design

The influence of pallets on the behaviour and design of steel drive-in storage racks - Part II Design University of Wollongong Researh Online Faulty of Engineering and Information Sienes - Papers: Part A Faulty of Engineering and Information Sienes 2013 The influene of pallets on the behaviour and design

More information

Project Summary Determination of Capillary Pressure-Saturation Curves Involving TCE, Water and Air for a Sand and a Sandy Clay Loam

Project Summary Determination of Capillary Pressure-Saturation Curves Involving TCE, Water and Air for a Sand and a Sandy Clay Loam United States Environmental Protetion Ageny Researh and Development Robert S. Kerr Environmental Researh Laboratory Ada, OK 70 EPA/00/SR-9/005 Marh 99 Projet Summary Determination of Capillary Pressure-Saturation

More information

Systems & Services Certification SGS 53,000, 1000

Systems & Services Certification SGS 53,000, 1000 CSR July 28, 2009 SGS Systems & Servies Certifiation SGS SGS SGS 1878 SGS 140 53,000, 1000 - Europe, Middle East & Afria: 24 400 employees - Amerias: 12 100 employees - Asia/Paifi: 16 500 employees SGS,

More information

The Impact of Climate Variability and Change on Economic Growth and Poverty in Zambia

The Impact of Climate Variability and Change on Economic Growth and Poverty in Zambia The Impat of Climate Variability and Change on Eonomi Growth and Poverty in Zambia James Thurlow, Tingju Zhu and Xinshen Diao 1 International Food Poliy Researh Institute Deember 2008 1 We are grateful

More information

(This is a sample cover image for this issue. The actual cover is not yet available at this time.)

(This is a sample cover image for this issue. The actual cover is not yet available at this time.) (This is a sample over image for this issue. The atual over is not yet available at this time.) This artile appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attahed opy is furnished to the author for internal

More information

Fatigue and Creep-Fatigue Testing of Bellows at Elevated Temperature

Fatigue and Creep-Fatigue Testing of Bellows at Elevated Temperature S. Yamamoto K. Isobe S. Ohte Mehanial Engineering Laboratory, Researh and Development Center. N. Tanaka S. Ozaki Nulear Engineering Laboratory, Nulear Energy Group. K. Kimura Advaned Reator Engineering

More information

Henley Business School at Univ of Reading. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD)

Henley Business School at Univ of Reading. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) MS in International Human Resoure Management (full-time) For students entering in 2013/4 Awarding Institution: Teahing Institution: Relevant QAA subjet Benhmarking group(s): Faulty: Programme length: Date

More information

J. A. Avila Institute of Engineering, National University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico. Abstract. 1 Introduction

J. A. Avila Institute of Engineering, National University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico. Abstract. 1 Introduction High Performane Strutures and Materials V 99 Prinipal results of the inelasti seismi performane of a 17-story RC building loated in the soft-soil area in Mexio City with normal-strength onrete and with

More information

Trade Liberalization and Complementary Domestic Policies: A Rural-Urban General Equilibrium Analysis of Morocco

Trade Liberalization and Complementary Domestic Policies: A Rural-Urban General Equilibrium Analysis of Morocco TMD DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 41 Trade Liberalization and Complementary Domesti Poliies: A Rural-Urban General Equilibrium Analysis of Moroo Hans Löfgren Moataz El-Said Sherman Robinson International Food Poliy

More information

Comparison of Large-Truck Travel Estimates from Three Data Sources

Comparison of Large-Truck Travel Estimates from Three Data Sources 5 TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 147 Comparison of Large-Truk Travel Estimates from Three Data Soures DAWN L. MASSIE, KENNETH L. CAMPBELL, AND DANIEL F. BLOWER The number of miles traveled eah year by

More information

USING REAL-TIME INFORMATION IN PRODUCTION PLANNING AND OPERATIONAL CONTROL

USING REAL-TIME INFORMATION IN PRODUCTION PLANNING AND OPERATIONAL CONTROL 9 th International Conferene on Prodution Researh USING REAL-TIME INFORMATION IN PRODUCTION PLANNING AND OPERATIONAL CONTROL Ronald G. Askin, Detlef Pabst, Mihael Pew, Young Jun Son 2 Department of Industrial

More information

Creep Analysis of Aluminum Alloy Disk Experiment for High Speed Energy Storage Flywheel

Creep Analysis of Aluminum Alloy Disk Experiment for High Speed Energy Storage Flywheel Creep Analysis of Aluminum Alloy Disk Experiment for High Speed Energy Storage Flywheel YangXU, HanYU, ZupeiSHEN Tsinghua Univ. CHINA Abstrat: In order to ahieve higher speed and higher energy density,

More information

WATER WITHIN LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE AND ITS RELATION TO AUTOGENOUS SHRINKAGE

WATER WITHIN LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE AND ITS RELATION TO AUTOGENOUS SHRINKAGE WATER WITHIN LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE AND ITS RELATION TO AUTOGENOUS SHRINKAGE S.A. Kristiawan Department of Civil Eng.Sebelas Maret University, e-mail: sa_kristiawan@uns.a.id Senot Sangadji Department

More information

Making a Good Impression: Information Revelation Policies in Ad Exchanges

Making a Good Impression: Information Revelation Policies in Ad Exchanges Making a Good Impression: Information Revelation Poliies in Ad Exhanges Completed Researh Paper Zhen Sun Naveen Jindal Shool of Management University of Texas at Dallas Rihardson, TX 75080, USA zhen.sun@utdallas.edu

More information

Finite Element Modeling of Pre-Stressed Hollow Core Slabs

Finite Element Modeling of Pre-Stressed Hollow Core Slabs Current Siene International Volume : 04 Issue : 04 Ot.-De. 2015 Pages :596-603 Finite Element Modeling of Pre-Stressed Hollow Core Slabs 1 Ali N. Deeb, 2 M. Abou Zeid Tarkhan and 3 E. M. El-Tehewy 1 Syrian

More information

Keywords: Greenhouse; Thermal performance; Water pipes heating; Infrared radiation; Energy balance; Heating efficiency

Keywords: Greenhouse; Thermal performance; Water pipes heating; Infrared radiation; Energy balance; Heating efficiency International Symposium Greensys 7 "High Tehnology for Greenhouse system Management" Naples Italy, 4-6 Otober 7 Investigation of the Potential of Infrared-radiation (IR) to Redue Energy Consumption in

More information

Abstract. Technological Changes in Japanese Housing and Its Effects on Carbon Emissions

Abstract. Technological Changes in Japanese Housing and Its Effects on Carbon Emissions Tehnologial Changes in Japanese Housing and Its Effets on Carbon Emissions Gloria P. GERILLA 1 Researh Fellow Department of Civil Engineering, Saga University 1 Honjo, Saga, 840-8502, Japan Phone: +81-952-28-8830

More information

Impact of Piracy on Innovation at Software Firms and Implications for Piracy Policy

Impact of Piracy on Innovation at Software Firms and Implications for Piracy Policy Assoiation for nformation Systems AS Eletroni Library (ASeL PACS 007 Proeedings Paifi Asia Conferene on nformation Systems (PACS 007 mpat of Piray on nnovation at Software Firms and mpliations for Piray

More information

Sensitivity of Construction Contract Prices to Required Rate of Return and Retainage

Sensitivity of Construction Contract Prices to Required Rate of Return and Retainage TRANSPORTATON RESEARCH RECORD 1126 93 Sensitivity of Constrution Contrat Pries to Required Rate of Return and Retainage f OAD FARD AND HLAL SAAD The fair and reasonable markup (FaRM) is the smallest markup

More information

Cost Optimization of Elasticity Cloud Resource Subscription Policy

Cost Optimization of Elasticity Cloud Resource Subscription Policy IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SERVICES COMPU TING, MANUSCRIPT ID 1 Cost Optimization of Elastiity Cloud Resoure Subsription Poliy Ren-Hung Hwang 1, Chung-Nan Lee 2, Yi-Ru Chen 1, Da-Jing Zhang-Jian 2 1 Dept. of

More information

CIS Guidance Document on WFD Article 4(7) SUMMARY OF COMMENTS ON DRAFT 1

CIS Guidance Document on WFD Article 4(7) SUMMARY OF COMMENTS ON DRAFT 1 General Comments Line Nr. Comment/hange request Justifiation of the omment/hange request MS Comment by drafters General Further integration of groundwater issues is needed throughout the More overage lf

More information

CREEP BEHAVIOUR OF GEOMETRICALLY NONLINEAR SOFT CORE SANDWICH PANELS

CREEP BEHAVIOUR OF GEOMETRICALLY NONLINEAR SOFT CORE SANDWICH PANELS 20 th International Conferene on Composite Materials CRP BHAVIOUR OF GOMTRICALLY NONLINAR SOFT COR SANDWICH PANLS hab Hamed 1 and Yeoshua Frostig 2 1 Centre for Infrastruture ngineering and Safety, Shool

More information

Performance of Recycled Asphalt Concrete Overlays in Southwestern Arizona

Performance of Recycled Asphalt Concrete Overlays in Southwestern Arizona 3 TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 1427 Performane of Reyled Asphalt Conrete Overlays in Southwestern Arizona MusTAQUE HossAIN, DWIGHT G. METCALF, AND LARRY A. SoFIELD Reyled asphalt onrete overlay is a

More information

Coordinating strategy of supply chain contract based on price discount and quantity buyback

Coordinating strategy of supply chain contract based on price discount and quantity buyback ISSN 1816-6075 (Print), 1818-0523 (Online) Journal of System and Management Sienes Vol. 1 (2011) No. 4, pp. 19-29 Coordinating strategy of supply hain ontrat based on prie disount and quantity buybak Ping

More information

7001 Diamond Snap-Form ICF Code Considerations With the multitude of lightweight onrete forming systems in the onstrution market, building offiials are raising questions about ode ompliane and/or ode evaluation

More information

Dynamics of Costs and Revenue Sharing Schemes in Open Innovation: an Evolutionary Game Approach

Dynamics of Costs and Revenue Sharing Schemes in Open Innovation: an Evolutionary Game Approach Dynamis of Costs and Revenue Sharing Shemes in Open Innovation: an Evolutionary Game Approah Daqing He, Yiding Yue, Ying Wang * Business Shool of Central South University Changsha, Hunan Provine 40083,

More information

BEHAVIOR OF PRESTRESSED SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS PARTIALLY COMPOSITE STEEL-CONCRETE BEAMS

BEHAVIOR OF PRESTRESSED SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS PARTIALLY COMPOSITE STEEL-CONCRETE BEAMS ACTA TECHNICA CORVINIENSIS Bulletin of Engineering Tome IX [2016], Fasiule 3 [July September] ISSN: 2067 3809 1.Mohamed A. A. EL-SHAER, 2. Shymaa M. MUKHTAR BEHAVIOR OF PRESTRESSED SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS

More information

GROUND WATER/SURFACE WATER INTERACTIONS AWRA SUMMER SPECULLTP CONF~NCR CZ-I PDG- ANALYSIS OF INFILTRATED STREAM WATER TO A PUMPING WELL

GROUND WATER/SURFACE WATER INTERACTIONS AWRA SUMMER SPECULLTP CONF~NCR CZ-I PDG- ANALYSIS OF INFILTRATED STREAM WATER TO A PUMPING WELL JULY 1-3 GROUND WATER/SURFACE WATER NTERACTONS AWRA SUMMER SPECULLTP CONF~NCR 22 32 CZ- PDG- ANALYSS OF NFLTRATED STREAM WATER TO A PUMPNG WELL Xunhong Chen' and Xi Chen' ABSTRACT: Pumping of groundwater

More information

Pore-level Influence of Contact Angle on Fluid Displacements In Porous Media

Pore-level Influence of Contact Angle on Fluid Displacements In Porous Media Pore-level Influene of Contat Angle on Fluid Displaements In Porous Media H.A. Akhlaghi Amiri * University of Stavanger (UiS), Department of Petroleum Engineering, 4036 Stavanger, Norway *Corresponding

More information

A flush collector beam end plate is used to allow for the placement of the floor deck on top of the collector beam.

A flush collector beam end plate is used to allow for the placement of the floor deck on top of the collector beam. EARTHQUAKE Eentrially Braed Frames with Removable Links Design Methodology Author: Kevin Cowie a, Alistair Fussell a, Martin Wong a, Charles Clifton b, Dmitry Volynkin b Affiliation: a. Steel Constrution

More information

Limit states for the damage assessment of bridges supported on LRB bearings

Limit states for the damage assessment of bridges supported on LRB bearings Journal of Physis: Conferene Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS Limit states for the damage assessment of bridges supported on LRB bearings To ite this artile: M Jara et al 05 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 68 0046 View the

More information

Luis Currais University of La Coruña. Abstract

Luis Currais University of La Coruña. Abstract Potential onflits in the fight against ounterfeit drugs Luis Currais University of La Coruña Berta Rivera University of La Coruña Paolo Rungo University of La Coruña Abstrat This analysis looks at the

More information

Proceedings of the 2012 Winter Simulation Conference C. Laroque, J. Himmelspach, R. Pasupathy, O. Rose, and A.M. Uhrmacher, eds

Proceedings of the 2012 Winter Simulation Conference C. Laroque, J. Himmelspach, R. Pasupathy, O. Rose, and A.M. Uhrmacher, eds Proeedings of the 2012 Winter Simulation Conferene C. Laroque, J. Himmelspah, R. Pasupathy, O. Rose, and A.M. Uhrmaher, eds INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION OF A DYNAMIC SAMPLING ALGORITHM IN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING:

More information

The Effect of Texture on the Serrated Flow in Peak-Aged 2090 Al-Li Alloy

The Effect of Texture on the Serrated Flow in Peak-Aged 2090 Al-Li Alloy Solid State Phenomena Vol. 105 (2005) pp. 227-232 online at http://www.sientifi.net 2005 Trans Teh Publiations, Switzerland The Effet of Texture on the Serrated Flow in Peak-Aged 2090 Al-Li Alloy Y.Z.

More information

Thermal Analysis of Open-Cycle Regenerator Gas-Turbine Power-Plant

Thermal Analysis of Open-Cycle Regenerator Gas-Turbine Power-Plant Thermal Analysis of Open-Cyle Regenerator Gas-Turbine Power-Plant M. M. Rahman, Thamir K. Ibrahim, M. Y. Taib, M. M. Noor, K. Kadirgama and Rosli A. Bakar Abstrat Regenerative gas turbine engine yle is

More information

20 questions on genetically modified foods

20 questions on genetically modified foods Page 1 of 6 Searh All WHO This site only Home About WHO Countries Health topis Publiations Data and statistis Programmes and projets Food Safety Zoonoses Mirobiologial risks Chemial risks Biotehnology

More information

Electronic Markets for Truckload Transportation

Electronic Markets for Truckload Transportation PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Vol. 16, No. 4, July-August 2007, pp. 423 436 issn 1059-1478 07 1604 423$1.25 POMS 2007 Prodution and Operations Management Soiety Eletroni Marets for Truload Transportation

More information

Suggested Changes to NZS3101:2006 with Amendments 1 and 2

Suggested Changes to NZS3101:2006 with Amendments 1 and 2 1 Suggested Changes to NZS3101:2006 with Amendments 1 and 2 Rihard Fenwik and Dene Cook Introdution NZS 3101: 2006 Conrete Strutures Standard is a design ode published by Standards New Zealand. Sine the

More information

Carbon Dioxide Capture & Conversion (CO 2 CC) Program A Membership Program offered by The Catalyst Group Resources (TCGR)

Carbon Dioxide Capture & Conversion (CO 2 CC) Program A Membership Program offered by The Catalyst Group Resources (TCGR) Carbon Dioxide Capture & Conversion (CO 2 CC) Program A Membership Program offered by The Catalyst Group Resoures (TCGR) 2018 P.O. Box 680 Spring House, PA 19477 USA Tel: (215) 628-4447 Fax: (215) 628-2267

More information

Research and application of the analytical hierarchy model based on sports industry resource optimization and structure layout strategy

Research and application of the analytical hierarchy model based on sports industry resource optimization and structure layout strategy vailable online www.jopr.om Journal of Chemial and Pharmaeutial Researh, 04, 6(6):890-897 Researh rtile ISSN : 0975-784 CODEN(US) : JCPRC5 Researh and appliation of the analytial hierarhy model based on

More information

CA PPM(Formerly CA Clarity PPM) v13.x Business Analyst Exam (CAT-241) Study Guide Version 1.3

CA PPM(Formerly CA Clarity PPM) v13.x Business Analyst Exam (CAT-241) Study Guide Version 1.3 v13.x Business Analyst Exam Study Guide Version 1.3 PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 2016 CA. All rights reserved. CA onfidential & proprietary information. For CA, CA Partner and CA Customer use

More information

Architecture of an ERP System Supporting Project-Oriented Management

Architecture of an ERP System Supporting Project-Oriented Management Arhiteture of an ERP System Supporting Projet-Oriented Management Willy Piard and Grzegorz Wojiehowski Department of Information Tehnology The Poznań University of Eonomis ul. Mansfelda 4 60-854 Poznań,

More information

Energy Saving Opportunities through Heat Recovery from Cement Processing Kilns: A Case Study

Energy Saving Opportunities through Heat Recovery from Cement Processing Kilns: A Case Study Energy Saving Opportunities through Heat Reovery from Cement Proessing Kilns: A Case Study I. I. AL-HINTI a, A. AL-GHANDOOR b, A. AL-NAJI, M. ABU-KHASHABEH, M. JOUDEH, M. AL-HATTAB a Department of Mehanial

More information

Page 1 of 6 Searh All WHO This site only Home About WHO Countries Health topis Publiations Data and statistis Programmes and projets Food Safety Zoonoses Mirobiologial risks Chemial risks Biotehnology

More information

Minimization of water and chemical usage in the cleaning in place process of a milk pasteurization plant

Minimization of water and chemical usage in the cleaning in place process of a milk pasteurization plant Songklanakarin J. Si. Tehnol. 33 (4), 431-440, Jul. - Aug. 2011 http://www.sjst.psu.a.th Original Artile Minimization of water and hemial usage in the leaning in plae proess of a milk pasteurization plant

More information

Game-theoretic Modeling of Curtailment Rules and their Effect on Transmission Line Investments Andoni, Merlinda; Robu, Valentin; Fruh, Wolf-Gerrit

Game-theoretic Modeling of Curtailment Rules and their Effect on Transmission Line Investments Andoni, Merlinda; Robu, Valentin; Fruh, Wolf-Gerrit Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University Researh Gateway Game-theoreti Modeling of Curtailment Rules and their Effet on Transmission Line Investments Andoni, Merlinda; Robu, Valentin; Fruh, Wolf-Gerrit

More information

Designing a Genetic Algorithm to Solve an Integrated Model in Supply Chain Management Using Fuzzy Goal Programming Approach

Designing a Genetic Algorithm to Solve an Integrated Model in Supply Chain Management Using Fuzzy Goal Programming Approach Designing a Geneti Algorithm to Solve an Integrated Model in Supply Chain Management Using Fuzzy Goal Programming Approah M. Rostami N. K.i *, J. Razmi, and F. Jolai Department of Industrial Engineering,

More information

THE ENERGY DISSIPATION EFFECTS OF REDUNDANT MEMBERS IN SILOS UNDER EARTHQUAKES

THE ENERGY DISSIPATION EFFECTS OF REDUNDANT MEMBERS IN SILOS UNDER EARTHQUAKES 269 THE ENEGY DISSIPATION EFFECTS OF EDUNDANT MEMBES IN SILOS UNDE EATHQUAKES Li Zhiming 1 and Geng Shujiang 1 SUMMAY An analytial study is made the response to strong base motion reinfored onrete silo

More information

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON LINK SLAB FOR HIGHWAY GIRDERS

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON LINK SLAB FOR HIGHWAY GIRDERS การประช มว ชาการว ศวกรรมโยธาแห งชาต คร งท ๑๐ ชลบ ร ๒ ๔ พฤษภาคม ๒๕๔๘ EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON LINK SLAB FOR HIGHWAY GIRDERS Tayagorn Charuhaimontri 1 Ekasit Limsuwan 2 1 Ph.D.Student, Department of Civil Engineering,

More information

Optimized Execution of Business Processes on Crowdsourcing Platforms

Optimized Execution of Business Processes on Crowdsourcing Platforms 8th International Conferene Conferene on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Appliations and Worksharing, Collaborateom 212 Pittsburgh, PA, United States, Otober 14-17, 212 Optimized Exeution of Business

More information

MODELING FLEXIBLE PACKAGE/GRANULAR MATERIAL INTERATION THROUGH COMBINATION OF DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD (DEM) AND FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (FEM)

MODELING FLEXIBLE PACKAGE/GRANULAR MATERIAL INTERATION THROUGH COMBINATION OF DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD (DEM) AND FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (FEM) MODELING FLEXIBLE PACKAGE/GRANULAR MATERIAL INTERATION THROUGH COMBINATION OF DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD (DEM) AND FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (FEM) Wenbo Xu, Pavan Valavala, Mark Mirgon, Sam Crabtree, Lori Kardos,

More information

$189 or $39 plus 16,000 Frequent Flier Miles? Pricing in Combinations of Currencies to Lower Consumers Perceived Cost

$189 or $39 plus 16,000 Frequent Flier Miles? Pricing in Combinations of Currencies to Lower Consumers Perceived Cost $89 or $39 plus 6,000 Frequent Flier Miles? Priing in Combinations of Currenies to Lower Consumers Pereived Cost Xavier Drèze Joseph C. Nunes* Draft last revised February 6, 2003 Xavier Drèze is Visiting

More information

Study of Service Models in Cloud Computing Manoj Kumar Dhruw

Study of Service Models in Cloud Computing Manoj Kumar Dhruw International Journal of Researh (IJR) Available at http://internationaljournalofresearh.org Study of Servie Models in Cloud Computing Manoj Kumar Dhruw Student, Bahelor of Engineering in Computer Siene

More information

TEMPERATURE ADAPTIVE CONTROL USING THE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING FOR INJECTION MOLDING POLYMERIC PRODUCTS

TEMPERATURE ADAPTIVE CONTROL USING THE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING FOR INJECTION MOLDING POLYMERIC PRODUCTS 5 th International Conferene Advaned Composite Materials Engineering COMAT 2014 16-17 Otober 2014, Braşov, Romania TEMPERATURE ADAPTIVE CONTROL USING THE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING FOR INJECTION MOLDING POLYMERIC

More information

Comparative Quality And Performance Analysis Of Manual And Motorised Traditional Portable Rice Threshers

Comparative Quality And Performance Analysis Of Manual And Motorised Traditional Portable Rice Threshers Comparative Quality And Performane Analysis Of Manual And Motorised Traditional Portable Rie Threshers Olumuyiwa B. Ajayi 1 Buliaminu Kareem 2 Olanrewaju R. Bodede 3* Oluwasiji F. Adeoye 4 1, 3, 4. Department

More information

APPLICATION OF BASE ISOLATION IN HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT.

APPLICATION OF BASE ISOLATION IN HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT. The th World Conferene on Earthquake Engineering Otober 7, 8, Beijing, China APPLICATION OF BASE ISOLATION IN HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ABSTRACT: Han Junke, Zhang Chunlei, Yang Fengli, Cao Meigen

More information

Detection of empty grate regions in firing processes using infrared cameras

Detection of empty grate regions in firing processes using infrared cameras 11 th International Conferene on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Detetion of empty grate regions in firing proesses using infrared ameras by J. Matthes*, P. Waibel* and H.B. Keller* *Institute for Applied

More information

Essays on Environmental and Development Economics

Essays on Environmental and Development Economics Essays on Environmental and Development Eonomis Publi Poliy, Resoure Pries and Global Warming Linda Sahlén Umeå 2008 Copyright 2008 by Linda Sahlén Umeå Eonomi Studies No. 762 From the Department of Eonomis

More information

Performance analysis and improvement for CC-OTEC system

Performance analysis and improvement for CC-OTEC system Journal o Mehanial Siene and Tehnology 22 (2008) 1977~1983 Journal o Mehanial Siene and Tehnology www.springerlink.om/ontent/1738-494x DOI 10.1007/s12206-008-0742-9 Perormane analysis and improvement or

More information

Bridge Element Deterioration Rates

Bridge Element Deterioration Rates TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 149 9 Bridge Element Deterioration Rates lmad J. ABED-AL-RAHIM AND DAVID W. JOHNSTON Prediting the deterioration rates of bridge elements is an important?ponent of any ridge

More information