1.224J/ESD.204J TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS, PLANNING AND CONTROL: CARRIER SYSTEMS

Transcription

1 1.224J/ESD.204J TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS, PLANNING AND CONTROL: CARRIER SYSTEMS Professor Cynthia Barnhart Professor Nigel H.M. Wilson Fall 2003

2 1.224J/ ESD.204J Outline Sign-up Sheet Introductions Carrier Systems Overview Course Overview Syllabus 12/31/ J/ESD.204J 2

3 Course Objective #1 Provide an understanding of carrier systems 12/31/ J/ESD.204J 3

4 Carrier Systems Transportation service networks Warehouses/ Consolidation centers/ Hubs/Yards Dock doors, gates Assets Vehicles Personnel/ Crews Handling equipment Movement requirements Freight Passengers Design Operation Management 12/31/ J/ESD.204J 4

5 Carrier Problems: Core Components Time and Space Considerations Large-Scale Problems Discrete Conveyances and Personnel Integrality Requirements Networked operations Inter-related decisions Non-linear and Flow-dependent Costs Non-linear, complex interdependencies 12/31/ J/ESD.204J 5

6 Some Examples

7 Less-Than-Truckload Operational Load Planning Given: Tractor, trailer, load, driver routes and schedules Real-time information describing status of the system Find: New tractor, trailer, load, and driver routes and schedules to minimize costs and satisfy service requirements given current system status and limited knowledge of future status 12/31/ J/ESD.204J 7

8 Rail Yard Modeling Given: Operations at an inter-modal rail yard Available resources Develop: Simulation of yard activities Describe/ evaluate yard performance and resource utilization Optimization-based strategies to improve yard performance 12/31/ J/ESD.204J 8

9 Airline Fleet Assignments Given: Flight schedule Flight legs Departure times Fleets (aircraft types) Operating and carrying costs per flight leg Number of aircraft Operating characteristics Passenger itinerary demand Itinerary fares Develop: Minimum cost assignment of aircraft types to flight legs Each flight is assigned exactly one fleet type Only available aircraft of each type are assigned Aircraft balance is achieved, by location 12/31/ J/ESD.204J 9

10 The Overall Planning Process

11 Service Planning Hierarchy Input Function Output Demand characteristics Infrastructure Resources Policies (e.g. coverage) Demand characteristics Resources Policies (e.g. headways and pass loads) Route travel times Demand characteristics Resources Policies (e.g. reliability) Route travel times Resources Policies (e.g. reliability) Work rules and pay provisions Resources Policies Network and Route Design Frequency Setting Timetable Development Vehicle Scheduling Crew Scheduling Set of Routes Service Frequency by Route, day, and time period Departure/Arrival times for individual trips on each route Revenue and Non-revenue Activities by Vehicle Crew Duties 12/31/ J/ESD.204J 11

12 Service Planning Hierarchy Infrequent Service Considerations Judgment & Manual Decisions Dominate Analysis Dominate Network Design Frequency Setting Timetable Development Vehicle Scheduling Crew Scheduling Frequent Cost Considerations Computer-Based Decisions Dominate Analysis Dominates 12/31/ J/ESD.204J 12

13 Airline Planning Time Horizon SHORT TERM LONG TERM Fleet Planning Schedule Planning - Route Development - Schedule Development o Frequency Planning o Timetable Development o Fleet Assignment o Aircraft Rotations Pricing Revenue Management Sales and Distribution Crew Scheduling Airport Resource Management Operations Control STRATEGIC TACTICAL Types of Decision 12/31/ J/ESD.204J 13

14 Railroad Planning Network Design and Improvement Service Planning and Differentiation Terminal Location and Capacity Merger and Acquisition Strategic Plans Blocking Plan Maintenance of Way Plan Train Schedule Plan Crew Schedule Plan Tactical Plans Power Schedule Plan Train Timetables Empty Car Distribution Operational Plans 12/31/ J/ESD.204J 14

15 Course Objective #2 Demonstrate how to develop, solve and interpret the results of optimization models and algorithms applied to carrier systems Decision and policy making aids for largescale, complex transportation systems 12/31/ J/ESD.204J 15

16 Why Mathematical Modeling and Automated Solutions? Carrier problems are large scale, complex problems Intuition fails to produce optimal, or possibly feasible solutions Generating feasible solutions manually can be very time consuming Without decision support technology, scenario analysis is limited or impossible 12/31/ J/ESD.204J 16

17 Approach Overview of optimization modeling Case studies/ applications Provide representative examples of the types of carrier problems, and their complexity Allows development of the art of problem formulation and modeling Exactness vs. tractability trade-offs Provide hands-on opportunities to apply the science of optimization 12/31/ J/ESD.204J 17

18 Case Studies Context: Transportation procurement/ direct transportation in logistics Transit vehicle and crew scheduling Airline crew and aircraft maintenance routing Models: Network representations Linear programs (Mixed) integer programs 12/31/ J/ESD.204J 18

19 Methods Problem classification as easy or hard Use of LP and IP solvers Simplex method Branch-and-bound Decomposition techniques Heuristic strategies Sensitivity analysis Shadow prices, reduced costs and complementary slackness 12/31/ J/ESD.204J 19

20 Syllabus & Academic Honesty Policy 12/31/ J/ESD.204J 20