Transportation and regasification infrastructures

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1 Transportation and regasification infrastructures Snam Rete Gas is the market leader in the Italian natural gas transportation and regasification sector and the only Italian operator that regasifies liquefied natural gas (LNG). Snam Rete Gas transports and dispatches natural gas and regasifies LNG using an integrated system of infrastructures consisting of a gas pipeline network, compression stations, port terminals, the Panigaglia LNG terminal and a gas dispatching and control system. Its transportation system has not incurred any significant malfunctions in service over the last five years. Snam Rete Gas transportation system The Italian gas transportation system covers more than 33,000 kilometres, 30,889 kilometres owned by Snam Rete Gas. The following table shows figures for the company s transportation network as at 31 December 2006 and for the previous four years: (kilometres) Change Change % Vs Vs National Network 7,943 7,993 8,196 8,392 8, Regional Network 21,852 22,127 22,349 22,320 22, ,795 30,120 30,545 30,712 30,

2 Snam Rete Gas - Transport infrastructure at 31 Decembre 2006 GRIES PASS National Network Regional Network LNG Regasification terminal Dispatching centre Compression station Marine terminal Regional boundary The company s national gas pipeline network principally consists of pipes, which usually have a large diameter, used to transport quantities of gas from the entry points (imports and main domestic production) to the interconnection points with the regional transportation network and storage facilities. The network also includes interregional pipelines used to reach key consumer areas. Its regional transportation network, consisting of the other parts of its pipelines, allows the transportation of natural gas in specific areas (generally within regions) to supply industrial consumers, thermoelectric plants and urban distribution networks. Snam Rete Gas has 25 connection and distribution centres ( nodi ) and 559 sites housing pressure reduction and regulation systems making up its interconnections in the transportation network. These systems allow adjustment of the flow of natural gas inside the network and enable flows between pipes operating at different pressure levels. The transportation infrastructures are completed by: - four port terminals, connecting the subsea pipelines 16

3 to the onshore pipelines, located in Mazara del Vallo (Trapani), Messina, Favazzina (Reggio Calabria) and Palmi (Reggio Calabria). - ten gas compression stations. National gas pipeline network At year end, the company s national gas pipeline network covered 8,479 kilometres. The onshore gas pipelines, with a maximum diameter of 56 inches, transport gas at a pressure level of between 24 and 75 bar. The subsea gas pipelines crossing the Messina Strait have a diameter of between 20 and 26 inches and transport gas at a maximum pressure level of 115 bar. During the year, the company extended the network by 87 kilometres following work performed on existing infrastructures. The key lines interconnected with the import gas pipelines are: - for gas imported from Algeria: the two 48/42 inch diameter lines linking Mazara del Vallo (Trapani) to Minerbio (Bologna) which are roughly 1,500 kilometres long each. They are connected to natural gas import lines from Algeria that cross the Sicilian Channel. The pipeline is currently being upgraded with the laying of a third 48 inch, 328 kilometre-long pipeline (272 kilometres of which are already in use). - for gas imported from Libya: the 36 inch, 67 kilometre line, linking the pipeline from Libya from the entry point at Gela to the national transmission network at the Enna junction on the import line from Algeria. - for gas imported from Russia: the two 42/35 and 34 inch diameter lines of roughly 900 kilometres connecting the Austrian network from Tarvisio (Udine) to Sergnano (Cremona) and Minerbio (Bologna) across the Po valley. The pipeline has been extended with the laying of a third line with a 48/56 inch diameter and length of 264 kilometres. - for gas imported from the Netherlands and Norway: the 48 inch diameter, 177 kilometre line connected with the Swiss transportation system at the Gries Pass (Verbania) and which extends to the Mortara (Pavia) junction in the Po valley. - for gas from the LNG terminal: a 30 inch diameter, 170 kilometre pipeline connecting the Panigaglia LNG terminal with the national network near Parma. Regional gas pipeline network The regional gas transportation network consists of pipelines with smaller diameters and lower operating pressure than those of the national network. It transports natural gas in specific regions to industrial users and distribution companies. During 2006, the network increased by 90 kilometres following the roll out of some sections such as the Giarratana-Solarino pipelines, the Tirreno Power connection in Vado Ligure, the Alfonsine-S. Bonifacio pipeline, the upgrading of the offtake for Lucera and other connections and upgrades. The compression stations Snam Rete Gas has ten compression stations which are used to increase the pressure of gas in the pipelines and bring it to the level necessary to ensure its flow. The stations are located along the national network and generally consist of more than one compression unit. At 31 December 2006, the installed capacity was 758 megawatts. The following table shows changes in capacity at 31 December of each year: The compression stations (*) Shut down and dismantled in 2006 * Change Change % Vs Vs Installed capacity at the compression stations (megawatt)

4 The rise in installed capacity compared to 2005 (+75 megawatts) is due to the upgrading of the transportation system from southern Italy. Two new compression units (TC5 and TC6) have been rolled out at the Messina station, bringing the number up to six, and another one (TC4) at the Melizzano station (where there are now four machines installed at the station). The Rimini compression station was shut down and dismantled in the second half of the year. Management, maintenance and inspection of the transportation infrastructures Gas dispatching and transportation control system The company s dispatching centre, located in San Donato Milanese, manages, monitors and controls the transportation network on a remote basis, receiving data from over 4,000 systems located along the network, 1,500 of which are remote-controlled, and the connected foreign networks. It uses IT systems that utilise the historic consumption figures and forecast weather conditions to formulate short-term estimates about transportation demand and to simulate and optimise gas flows on the network. The dispatching system was recertified ISO in May In late 2005 and early 2006, the increasing use of natural gas, especially to generate electricity, led to a state of emergency that required the progressive implementation of the tools provided for by the Procedure for climatic-driven emergencies. Management of this situation required its constant monitoring and special handling of the network to best meet requirements working closely with Stoccaggi Gas Italia S.p.A. and Terna S.p.A.. Gas measurement The company s transportation system has many measuring units at the entry points. Gas redelivered to shippers is measured in approximately 7,000 units belonging to consumers, roughly 4,500 of which are connected to a remote-control system. Measurement of the gas composition parameters, which allows the determination of energy tied to volumes, takes place using roughly 150 measurement units (gas chromatographs) located at key points on the network. Infrastructure maintenance and inspection The transportation infrastructures are managed by eight units, which supervise and control 55 maintenance centres located throughout Italy, and a central unit which coordinates ten compression stations placed along the key national transmission lines. The centres and stations ensure the working, maintenance and control of the entire infrastructure in accordance with ruling legislation about safety and the environment. The controls over the network take place by testing the electrical protection (cathode protection) of the pipes, aerial and ground controls and geological inspections. The gas pipeline network and compression stations undergo periodical programmed and spot maintenance to prevent irregularities and malfunctioning. Internal inspections of the pipes involve the use of pigs which check the general condition of the pipes, identify irregularities, manufacturing defects or corrosion. The compression station gas turbines are inspected to check defects to the rotating parts and the combustion chambers. The inspection findings are used to define maintenance and repairs, if required. Periodic maintenance is scheduled using an IT system which ensures optimisation of the maintenance team s activities. In order to rationalise maintenance work, the following projects were undertaken during the year: (i) higher remote control/monitoring of the network, increasing the number of systems controlled on a remote basis to 65 (valves, reduction plants and network terminals). At the end of the year, 100% of the national network and roughly 95% of the regional network were remote-controlled. This system means that less time is required to return to normal operating conditions, the network is safer and transportation system more reliable; (ii) higher use of the remote diagnostic system for managing the compression stations and the new maintenance plan which includes spot maintenance criteria; (iii) replacement of components with state-of-the-art equipment and systems. Natural gas regasification infrastructures The Panigaglia LNG terminal Snam Rete Gas is currently the only Italian operator that regasifies liquefied natural gas (LNG) as it owns (via its subsidiary GNL Italia S.p.A.) the only regasification terminal in Italy. The Panigaglia (La Spezia) terminal is based on an area of roughly 45,000 square metres and receives liquefied gas (at a temperature of roughly -160 C) from tankers, returns it to its gas state and injects it into the transportation network. The terminal consists of the following units: (i) reception, (ii) storage, (iii) regasification, (iv) Boil Off Gas 18

5 recovery, (v) final gas correction, (vi) ancillary systems, and (vii) a control and safety system. (i) The reception unit comprises the berthing area for the tankers, three unloading arms and the transfer line. The berthing area is at the end of a 500 metre-long wharf and allows the docking of ships with capacity of up to 65,000/70,000 cubic metres of LNG. During 2006, 96 different types of tankers unloaded gas there. (ii) The storage unit consists of two tanks, each with a geometric capacity of 50,000 cubic metres (m3), equal to operating capacity of roughly 44,000 m 3, and submerged pumps which move the liquefied natural gas. The gas is stored at a temperature of roughly -160 C and a pressure slightly above atmospheric pressure. Each storage tank has three submerged pumps, two with a capacity of 500 cubic metres per hour of natural gas (m 3 /h) and one with a capacity of 170 m 3 /h. (iii) The regasification unit consists of pumps, which move and pressurise the LNG, and submerged flame vaporisers. The heat necessary for vaporisation is generated by the combustion of the natural gas taken downstream from the vaporisers. (iv) The Boil Off Gas recovery unit (BOG), the upgrading of which was completed in 2003, consists of three cryogenic compressors and an absorption column. The compressors recover the steam generated by the heat entering the unit on a continuous basis and the BOG generated during the unloading from the tanks on a discontinuous basis. (v) The final gas correction process, which takes place by adding air or nitrogen enriched air, ensures the interchangeability of the regasified LNG in accordance with the quality levels required by the transportation network. (vi) The ancillary systems unit comprises all the activities supporting the main process, such as the electrical substation, the fire prevention system, the heat dispersing systems and unit for measuring the quality and quantity The areas NORTH WEST NORTH NORTH EAST CENTRAL WEST CENTRAL EAST SOUTH WEST SOUTH EAST SICILY of gas injected into the network. (vii) The regasification system is controlled and monitored on a remote basis from a control room using a last generation automated system (installed in 2004), split into two subsystems: - distributed control system (DCS), the functions of which are the procurement, processing and adjustment of the process parameters, and plant supervision; - programmable electronic system (PES) used to perform the start, halt and blocking sequences of the equipment and to implement the automatic safety system in the case of an emergency. The nitrogen enrichment system was upgraded in 2006 as part of the gas correction process. 19

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