TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL PLAN DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP. Local Sponsor:

Transcription

1 TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL PLAN DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP Local Sponsor: 1

2 TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL PLAN DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP Instructors Tapan K. Datta, Phd. P.E. Tim Gates, Phd. P.E. Jonathan Kay Introductions UTILITY WORK ZONES 2

3 WORKSHOP DETAILS Workzone.eng.wayne.edu Evaluation Forms Pre- and Post-Tests UTILITY WORK ZONES 3

4 UTILITY WORK ZONE TRAFFIC CONTROL TRAINING FHWA GRANT DTFH61-11-RA

5 DISCLAIMER Opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this presentation are those of contractor(s) and not necessarily those of U.S.D.O.T. or F.H.W.A. Prepared in cooperation with U.S.D.O.T. and F.H.W.A Utility work zone guideline is a Living Document and may be modified and updated as needed UTILITY WORK ZONES 5

6 WHO IS IT FOR? Safety Professionals State and Local Road Agencies Permit Granting Agencies Consultants Contractors Utility Workers UTILITY WORK ZONES 6

7 AGENDA Introduction Underlying Principles of Utility Work Zone Traffic Control Utility Work Zone Traffic Control Break Suggested Traffic Control Plans & Pedestrian Issues UTILITY WORK ZONES 7

8 UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF UTILITY WORK ZONE TRAFFIC CONTROL Utility Work Zone Guidelines Significant variability in the knowledge, skills, and abilities of the utility workforce Variability is associated with a level of risk for workers and motorists UTILITY WORK ZONES 8

9 UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF UTILITY WORK ZONE TRAFFIC CONTROL Guideline document provides uniform treatment of temporary traffic control plans for numerous applications Guidance is provided to aid the utility workforce in recognizing the level of risk and methods of mitigating risks UTILITY WORK ZONES 9

10 WHAT TYPE OF UTILITY WORK IS INCLUDED? Electrical, Gas, Telephone, Cable Traffic Signals Water Sewer Maintenance and Cleaning Landscaping Others UTILITY WORK ZONES 10

11 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN UTILITY WORK ZONES AND NORMAL WORK ZONES Shorter duration May require more time to set-up and remove traffic control than to complete work Often unplanned or unscheduled Often outside of travel way Smaller work area Smaller work crew Same work crew attends multiple work sites UTILITY WORK ZONES 11

12 WHAT IS NOT INCLUDED? Nighttime utility work Utility work conducted on freeways Long term stationary Utility work as a part of long term highway project These are high risk scenarios UTILITY WORK ZONES 12

13 MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE Recognition of safety and mobility in work zones Providing appropriate tools Making training readily available Emphasizing uniformity Encouraging safety culture UTILITY WORK ZONES 13

14 MUTCD WORK ZONE DURATION DEFINITIONS Long-term stationary is work that occupies a location more than 3 days Intermediate-term stationary is work that occupies a location more than one daylight period up to 3 days, or nighttime work lasting more than 1 hour UTILITY WORK ZONES 14

15 MUTCD WORK ZONE DURATION DEFINITIONS Short-term stationary is daytime work that occupies a location for more than 1 hour within a single daylight period Short-duration is work that occupies a location up to 1 hour Mobile is work that moves intermittently or continuously UTILITY WORK ZONES 15

16 SHORT DURATION WORK Simplified control procedures may be warranted for short-duration work. A reduction in the number of devices may be offset by the use of other more dominant devices such as high-intensity rotating, flashing, oscillating, or strobe lights on work vehicles. Source: MUTCD Section 6G.02 UTILITY WORK ZONES 16

17 SHORT DURATION WORK Appropriately colored or marked vehicles with highintensity rotating, flashing, oscillating, or strobe lights may be used in place of signs and channelizing devices for short-duration or mobile operations. Source: MUTCD Section 6G.02 UTILITY WORK ZONES 17

18 SHORT TERM AND SHORT DURATION NEED Standardized plans Workers realize need for traffic control Different traffic control devices than long and intermediate term work Fewer devices Portable devices UTILITY WORK ZONES 18

19 PASSING MOTORIST NEED Early recognition Clear recognition of potential hazard Positive guidance Driver expectancy maintained through the work zone UTILITY WORK ZONES 19

20 PURPOSE OF UTILITY WORK ZONE TRAFFIC CONTROL Safe and efficient travel of all road users Worker protection UTILITY WORK ZONES 20

21 WORK ZONE CRASH FATALITIES 609 work zone fatalities in 2012 (one every 14 hours) Approximately half occur during daytime hours Twice as high during the week than weekend Mostly occur during the summertime Over half involve single motor vehicles Utility work zone fatalities are 14 per year 10% underreporting of work zone fatalities (Ullman & Scriba) UTILITY WORK ZONES 21

22 UTILITY WORK ZONE CRASH RISK FACTORS Traffic volume on the roadway Travel speed Lateral distance from travel lanes Work duration time to complete the work Sight distance and work area visibility Others UTILITY WORK ZONES 22

23 PREVENTION OF WORK ZONE CRASHES Analyze the work site including traffic patterns and plan the work zone before you begin working Position work vehicles to create an obstacle to prevent oncoming traffic from hitting you Source: NIOSH FACE Program, 2007 UTILITY WORK ZONES 23

24 PREVENTION OF WORK ZONE CRASHES Minimize exposure to moving traffic Drivers should not engage in activities that distract them from driving or hinder driving performance Source: NIOSH FACE Program, 2007 UTILITY WORK ZONES 24

25 EARLY RECOGNITION OF UTILITY WORK ZONE BY MOTORISTS Evasive action taken to avoid a traffic crash if motorist recognizes work zone Temporary traffic control provides information about potential hazard Information is provided through signs, cones, drums, barriers, etc. UTILITY WORK ZONES 25

26 EARLY RECOGNITION OF UTILITY WORK ZONE BY MOTORISTS Uniformity of treatment Making utility work zones conspicuous to the passing motorist - orange color Treatments must consider driver expectancy UTILITY WORK ZONES 26

27 DRIVER EXPECTANCY Driver expectancy relates to the readiness of the driver to respond to events, situations, or the presentation of information. Source: A Users Guide to Positive Guidance - FHWA UTILITY WORK ZONES 27

28 DRIVER EXPECTANCY Gained through experience and training Guided by traffic control devices Drivers respond quickly and correctly Information must be clear Consistency decreases reaction time Uniformity simplifies driving tasks UTILITY WORK ZONES 28

29 DRIVER EXPECTANCY VIOLATED Occurs when uncommon/unique situations arise Drivers require longer response times Greater chance of error Work zones naturally violate drivers expectancy UTILITY WORK ZONES 29

30 POSITIVE GUIDANCE Positive guidance information increases the driver s probability of selecting the speed and path most appropriate to the operating conditions of the highway Positive Guidance is based on the premise that competent drivers can be given appropriate information about hazards and inefficiencies to avoid errors. Source: A Users Guide to Positive Guidance - FHWA UTILITY WORK ZONES 30

31 BASIC DRIVING TASK Control driver s interaction with vehicle Guidance driver s ability to maintain safe path on highway Navigation driver s ability to plan and execute trip from point of origin to destination Source: Alexander, G.J., Some Factors Affecting Reception and Use of Information by Drivers, Public Road, Vol. 37, No. 1 UTILITY WORK ZONES 31

32 PROCESS OF INFORMATION HANDLING Source: Federal Highway Administration, A Users Guide to Positive Guidance UTILITY WORK ZONES 32

33 WHAT IS A SAFETY CULTURE? The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of, an organization s health and safety management. Source: HSC, 2003 UTILITY WORK ZONES 33

34 CRASH CAUSAL FACTORS Work zone crashes have several potential causes Driver, Environment, Vehicle Organizational, Worker Understanding of causes that leads to prevention Establishment of policies and procedures Crashes are not a result of any one factor Failure of individuals to perform duties Breakdown in safety-related policies and procedures Managerial failure UTILITY WORK ZONES 34

35 SOME OF THE CAUSAL FACTORS ARE BEYOND OUR CONTROL MODULE 1: SHORT TERM WORK ZONES 35

36 BUT SOME ARE NOT! UTILITY WORK ZONES 36

37 WHAT CONSTITUTES A GOOD UTILITY WORK ZONE SAFETY CULTURE? Commitment to safety by management Commitment to safety by workers Realistic rules and regulations Continuous worker training Monitoring of performance UTILITY WORK ZONES 37

38 UTILITY WORK ZONE TRAFFIC CONTROL FHWA GRANT DTFH61-11-RA

39 UTILITY WORK ZONE TRAFFIC CONTROL GUIDELINES Developed and revised for FHWA Include suggested traffic control plans Temporary traffic control devices Meant for electrical, gas, telephone, cable, water, sewer, street lights, traffic signals, landscaping, others Not meant for nighttime or freeway work UTILITY WORK ZONES 39

40 NEED FOR UTILITY WORK ZONE GUIDELINES Shorter in duration Different traffic control needed Change in travel environment for drivers Improve mobility Reduce utility work zone crashes UTILITY WORK ZONES 40

41 PERCEPTION REACTION TIME OF DRIVERS Perception: recognition or realization that cue or stimulus exists that requires response Intellection: Identification of cue or stimulus Emotion: determination of appropriate response to cue or stimulus Volition: physical response that results from decision UTILITY WORK ZONES 41

42 UNIFORMITY Treatment of similar work site with same traffic control Traffic control devices Color Strobe or oscillating lights Arrow panels UTILITY WORK ZONES 42

43 CONSPICUITY Increased through proper traffic control devices Using color of work zones ORANGE Work zones that stand out from other surroundings to passing motorists UTILITY WORK ZONES 43

44 BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES Fulfill a need Command attention Convey a clear, simple message Command respect from road users Give adequate time for proper response Source: MUTCD Section 1A.02 UTILITY WORK ZONES 44

45 TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNS Message, layout, and configuration per MUTCD Construction fluorescent orange color with microprismatic retro-reflective characteristics 2 orange supplemental flags may be mounted Size = 36 x 36 Crashworthy Source: MUTCD Figure 6F-2 UTILITY WORK ZONES 45

46 TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNS Portable temporary traffic control signs Shall be mounted at least 1 foot above the traveled way Reduces traffic control setup and removal time Decreases worker exposure to risk especially for utility work zones Source: MUTCD Figure 6F-2 UTILITY WORK ZONES 46

47 POORLY MOUNTED SIGNS UTILITY WORK ZONES 47

48 ARROW PANELS Support panel 48 H x 96 W Minimum of 15 lamps Front panel with flat, non-reflective black background Mounted at minimum of 7 from roadway to bottom of panel Flash Rate: flashes per minute UTILITY WORK ZONES 48

49 CHANNELIZING DEVICES Provides guidance/delineation to motorists Need to be easily installed and removed Must be orange and contain retro-reflective bands Made of a material that will not damage a vehicle if impacted 36 or taller cones or tubular markers are more desirable Source: MUTCD Figure 6F-7 UTILITY WORK ZONES 49

50 CONES & BARRICADES Use orange taller cones with retro-reflective bands Provides increased visibility Transported easily Quick installation and removal on-site Barricades UTILITY WORK ZONES 50

51 WARNING LIGHTS ON WORK VEHICLES Attract the attention of road users Potentially hazardous situation Sufficient time for taking appropriate action Warning light standardization desirable Promote driver understanding Recognition of lights on work vehicles UTILITY WORK ZONES 51

52 WARNING LIGHTS ON WORK VEHICLES Warning lights should be visible to drivers from all angles (360 degrees) Larger vehicles should be equipped with a minimum of three warning lights Warning lights should be amber in color UTILITY WORK ZONES 52

53 WARNING LIGHTS ON WORK VEHICLES Warning lights should be TURNED ON! UTILITY WORK ZONES 53

54 RETRO-REFLECTIVE MARKINGS ON WORK VEHICLES Visibility increased by the use of retro-reflective markings and appropriate vehicle colors Retro-reflective vehicle markings should supplement warning light systems Retro-reflective material should be affixed to the back of utility work vehicles UTILITY WORK ZONES 54

55 WORK VEHICLE COLOR ORANGE Visibility of work vehicle very important Orange vehicle is visual cue of approaching work zone Consistency in colors improves safety Increases driver awareness and recognition of work zone UTILITY WORK ZONES 55

56 WORK VEHICLE COLOR ORANGE Desirable Vehicle Colors Undesirable Vehicle Colors UTILITY WORK ZONES 56

57 WORK VEHICLE PLACEMENT Place upstream to warn vehicles of an upcoming work zone and shield workers from traffic Place equipment trailers downstream of work area to avoid being hit by traffic UTILITY WORK ZONES 57

58 IMPROPER PLACEMENT OF WORK VEHICLES UTILITY WORK ZONES 58

59 AERIAL LIFT SAFETY Vehicle-mounted, boom-supported aerial platforms Cherry pickers, bucket trucks, etc. 26 worker fatalities per year due to the user of aerial lifts* More than half due to bucket trucks Positioning of any vehicle on the highway pavement or shoulder requires proper traffic control compliant to the MUTCD *Center to Protect Workers Rights UTILITY WORK ZONES 59

60 AERIAL LIFT SAFETY States may have their own policy or guidelines Temporary traffic control will be dependent on the work duration Chapter 6 of MUTCD No one standard traffic control plan Should be prepared by trained professional UTILITY WORK ZONES 60

61 HOW WOULD YOU LIKE TO DRIVE UNDERNEATH THIS?

62 AERIAL LIFT SAFETY For aerial lift truck use at mid-block locations: The use of truck-mounted attenuators on the lift truck or additional work vehicles can help to decrease the impact forces of errant vehicles Additional closures of the traveled way should be considered if the bucket must be extended over the roadway NEVER EXTEND A BUCKET OVER A LIVE TRAFFIC STREAM Consider the use of flaggers if additional closures are impractical to implement 62

63 63 AERIAL LIFT SAFETY For aerial lift truck use in the vicinity of a highway intersection: Mount signs on portable stands All approaches Again, NEVER EXTEND A BUCKET OVER AN ACTIVE TRAFFIC STREAM

64 64 AERIAL LIFT SAFETY For aerial lift truck use within an intersection: Lift trucks should be equipped with retroreflective markings and high-level warning devices 10 foot minimum clearance required to maintain each approach Narrow Lane Ahead signs warn motorists of the reduced downstream lane widths

65 SET-UP AND REMOVAL OF DEVICES Spend least amount of time necessary to set-up and remove devices safely and correctly Perform work as expeditiously as possible to reduce exposure Decreasing exposure time increases safety Use devices that are easily transported UTILITY WORK ZONES 65

66 SET-UP OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES Identify traffic control plan ahead of time Plan and discuss traffic control off roadway Park work vehicles and equipment to maximize safety Place traffic control devices as per selected plan starting at beginning of work zone UTILITY WORK ZONES 66

67 REMOVAL OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES Start at end of work zone Remove temporary traffic control devices at the end of the workday Only leave in place what is needed Know where everything goes in work vehicle so no time is wasted UTILITY WORK ZONES 67

68 WORKER SAFETY APPAREL MUTCD Section 6D.03 requires American National Standard For High-Visibility Safety Apparel and Headwear ANSI (American National Standards Institute) / ISEA (International Safety Equipment Association) Class 2 and 3 garments based on worker activities UTILITY WORK ZONES 68

69 FLAGGER (TRAFFIC REGULATOR) TRAINING For flagger (traffic regulator) training information refer to The National Work Zone Safety Clearinghouse at UTILITY WORK ZONES 69

70 SUGGESTED TRAFFIC CONTROL PLANS & PEDESTRIAN ISSUES UTILITY WORK ZONES 70

71 UTILITY WORK ZONE TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL COMPONENTS Termination Area Activity Area Downstream Taper Longitudinal Buffer Space Work Space Longitudinal Buffer Space Transition Area Advanced Warning Area SHOULDER Lateral Buffer Space Flagger Direction of Traffic SHOULDER Flagger Traffic Space UTILITY WORK ZONES 71

72 TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL COMPONENTS Activity Area work space, traffic space, and buffer space. Advanced Warning Area used to provide warning to motorists of an upcoming utility activity. Termination Area Activity Area Downstream Taper Longitudinal Buffer Space Work Space Longitudinal Buffer Space Transition Area Advanced Warning Area SHOULDER Lateral Buffer Space Flagger Direction of Traffic SHOULDER Flagger Traffic Space UTILITY WORK ZONES 72

73 INSUFFICIENT ADVANCE WARNING Missing advance warning signs telling which lane is closed No advance warning signs UTILITY WORK ZONES 73

74 LANE CLOSURE WITH NO ADVANCE WARNING Less than 8 feet UTILITY WORK ZONES 74

75 DISTANCE BETWEEN TRAFFIC SIGNS Road Type Urban 50 km/h (30 mph) Urban >50 km/h (30 mph) Rural A (Distance Between Signs) 30 m (100 ft) 100 m (350 ft) 150 m (500 ft) Note: 30 mph used to differentiate between high and low speeds due to risks involved UTILITY WORK ZONES 75

76 TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL COMPONENTS Tapers gradual transition to direct traffic from normal paths to designated path, must be free of workers, vehicles, equipment, etc. Termination Area Activity Area Downstream Taper Longitudinal Buffer Space Work Space Longitudinal Buffer Space Transition Area Advanced Warning Area SHOULDER Lateral Buffer Space Flagger Direction of Traffic SHOULDER Flagger Traffic Space UTILITY WORK ZONES 76

77 DIFFERENT TYPES OF TAPERS Source: MUTCD Figure 6C-2 and Table 6C-3 UTILITY WORK ZONES 77

78 FORMULAS FOR CALCULATING TAPER LENGTHS Source: MUTCD Table 6C-4 UTILITY WORK ZONES 78

79 TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL COMPONENTS Buffer Space (Optional) lateral and/or longitudinal area that separates traffic from work space, must be free of workers, vehicles, equipment, etc. Termination Area Activity Area Downstream Taper Longitudinal Buffer Space Work Space Longitudinal Buffer Space Transition Area Advanced Warning Area SHOULDER Lateral Buffer Space Flagger Direction of Traffic SHOULDER Flagger Traffic Space UTILITY WORK ZONES 79

80 WHY USE BUFFER SPACE? Easy to accommodate into plan Inexpensive Improves worker safety Provides additional space between work zone and motorists UTILITY WORK ZONES 80

81 TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL COMPONENTS Termination Area area used to return to normal path Traffic Space portion of highway in which road users are routed through the activity area Termination Area Activity Area Downstream Taper Longitudinal Buffer Space Work Space Longitudinal Buffer Space Transition Area Advanced Warning Area SHOULDER Lateral Buffer Space Flagger Direction of Traffic SHOULDER Flagger Traffic Space UTILITY WORK ZONES 81

82 TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL COMPONENTS Transition Area area utilized to move motorists from their normal path Termination Area Longitudinal Downstream Buffer Taper Space Activity Area Longitudinal Buffer Work Space Space Transition Area Advanced Warning Area SHOULDER Lateral Buffer Space Flagger Direction of Traffic SHOULDER Flagger Traffic Space Work Space portion closed to road users; occupied by utility workers, equipment and vehicles. Termination Area Activity Area Longitudinal Longitudinal Downstream Buffer Buffer Taper Space Work Space Space Transition Area Advanced Warning Area SHOULDER Lateral Buffer Space Flagger Direction of Traffic SHOULDER Flagger Traffic Space UTILITY WORK ZONES 82

83 UTILITY WORK BEYOND SHOULDER

84 UTILITY WORK BEYOND SHOULDER WITH WORK VEHICLE(S) PARKED ON SHOULDER

85 UTILITY WORK ON SHOULDER (LOW TRAFFIC VOLUME AND LOW SPEEDS)

86 UTILITY WORK ON SHOULDER WITH MINOR ENCROACHMENT (HIGH TRAFFIC VOLUMES AND HIGH SPEED) Note: 10 Minimum Required

87 UTILITY WORK ON SHOULDER WITH MINOR ENCROACHMENT (HIGH TRAFFIC VOLUMES AND HIGH SPEED)

88 TEMPORARY ROAD CLOSURE

89 CENTER LANE CLOSURE ON A MULTI- LANE ROAD

90 CONSIDERING PEDESTRIANS When existing pedestrian facilities are disrupted, closed, or relocated in a TTC zone, the temporary facilities shall be detectable and include accessibility features consistent with the features present in the existing pedestrian facility MUTCD UTILITY WORK ZONES 90

91 PEDESTRIAN ISSUES Must identify pedestrian needs Pedestrian paths must be maintained Should not be forced to enter into work zone Should not be forced to enter into roadway High pedestrian areas may require additional consideration UTILITY WORK ZONES 91

92 EXAMPLES OF IMPROPER PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC CONTROL

93 PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC CONTROL PLANS Pedestrian Detour for Sidewalk Closure Pedestrian Diversion for Sidewalk Closure Must be ADA Compliant Barrier or barricade detectable by a person with a visual disability is sufficient UTILITY WORK ZONES 93

94 SIDEWALK DETOUR FOR PEDESTRIANS UTILITY WORK ZONES 94

95 SIDEWALK DIVERSION FOR PEDESTRIANS UTILITY WORK ZONES 95

96 How do you select a proper traffic control plan? UTILITY WORK ZONES 96

97 TRAFFIC CONTROL PLAN SELECTION Location of utility work Traffic volume of adjacent road Travel speed of vehicles on adjacent road Location of lane closure Roadway type UTILITY WORK ZONES 97

98 LOCATION OF UTILITY WORK Beyond the shoulder - > 4.6 m (15 ft) from edge of roadway OR > 0.6 m (2 ft) beyond curb On the shoulder On the roadway Utility Work Beyond Shoulder Utility Work on Shoulder Utility Work on Roadway

99 VOLUME AND SPEED OF ADJACENT ROAD Traffic volume of adjacent road low volume or high volume Travel speed of vehicles on adjacent road low speed 50 km/hr (30 mph) or high speed >50 km/hr (30 mph) UTILITY WORK ZONES 99

100 LOCATION OF LANE CLOSURE Mid-Block Intersection right lane on near side, left lane on near side, right lane on far side, left lane on far side, center of intersection UTILITY WORK ZONES 100

101 ROADWAY TYPE Rural vs. Urban Two-Lane vs. Multi-Lane Lane Closure on Urban Multi-Lane Road Lane Closure on Rural Two-Lane Road (Poor layout of traffic control) UTILITY WORK ZONES 101

102 TRAFFIC CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR SHORT- TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES Training Program FHWA GRANT DTFH61-11-RA

103 DISCLAIMER Opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this presentation are those of contractors and not necessarily those of USDOT or FHWA Materials prepared under contract with FHWA Content is living and subject to change SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 103

104 OUTLINE Background Purpose and Objectives Unique characteristics of Short-Term, Short- Duration, and Mobile (STSDM) Work Zones Temporary traffic control strategies Steps for TTC plan development Example plans SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 104

105 BACKGROUND Aging infrastructure = More work zones Two work zone traffic control objectives: Maintain safety Maintain acceptable levels of mobility Objectives don t necessarily go hand-in-hand Careful planning, design, and implementation of work zone traffic control SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 105

106 THE MUTCD MUTCD Chapter 6 Temporary traffic control (TTC) for work zones, incidents, etc. Typical Applications (TAs) of common work zone TTC scenarios Adjust TAs to fit actual conditions What aspects may be modified? Under what conditions? SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 106

107 PURPOSE AND NEED MUTCD gives limited TA modification guidance Need for additional detail beyond the MUTCD This training session provides: Issues to expect with STSDM Strategies to address these issues How to select and modify a TA Examples of modified traffic control plans SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 107

108 MUTCD WORK DURATIONS COVERED HERE Short-term stationary occupies location >1 hr within a single daylight period Short-duration occupies location 1 hr Mobile moves intermittently or continuously SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 108

109 MUTCD WORK DURATIONS NOT COVERED HERE Intermediate-term stationary occupies location 1-3 days (daytime work) or >1 hr (nighttime work) Long-term stationary occupies location >3 days SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 109

110 OTHER GUIDELINES AND TRAINING Other guidelines/training developed under this grant Urban Work Zone TTC Utility Work Zone TTC Temporary Traffic Control Plan Selection Software SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 110

111 CONCERNS WITH SHORTER DURATIONS Primary concern noted in MUTCD: It often takes longer to set up and remove the temporary traffic control zone than to perform the work. Workers face hazards in setting up and taking down the temporary traffic control zone. Also, since the work time is short, delays affecting road users are significantly increased when additional devices are installed and removed 2009 Federal MUTCD Paradox Don t put workers at risk with lengthy TTC setup Don t compromise safety by using inadequate TTC setup How can we minimize worker exposure while providing adequate TTC? 111

112 CHARACTERISTICS AND ISSUES Short-Term, Short-Duration, and Mobile Work Zones 112

113 OVERVIEW STSDM work possesses unique characteristics Typically related to the nature of the work Issues must be addressed during TTC layout UPCOMING SLIDES Characteristics and associated issues LATER ON Methods for addressing issues with appropriate TTC SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 113

114 UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF STSDM 1. The work may be unanticipated and/or urgent 2. Setup and removal of TTC may take longer than the actual work 3. The work may involve constant or intermittent movement 4. Specialized vehicles or equipment may be utilized 5. Accessibility issues may occur SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 114

115 1. UNANTICIPATED OR URGENT WORK Certain events require immediate attention: Utility failures or damage Fallen trees or branches Traffic signal failures Damaged signs Damaged guardrail/barriers Localized pavement failures SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 115

116 1. UNANTICIPATED OR URGENT WORK Crews must quickly mobilize to perform the fix Little time for preparation TTC aspects may be overlooked Adequate advance notification may not be possible Drivers will not expect work zone Agencies may not be prepared Police Fire/rescue Transit SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 116

117 2. VERY SHORT DURATION WORK Some work zones take longer to setup than the actual work Single setup Moving work area with several stops Examples: Tree trimming Debris clearing Localized pavement maintenance Surveying Graffiti removal from signs Pavement markings (stop lines, legends) SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 117

118 2. VERY SHORT DURATION WORK Minimize TTC setup and removal time Minimize delays and worker exposure Ensure adequate TTC regardless of duration Tendency to become complacent as duration decreases Drivers will not expect such short duration work Simplification of TTC is key SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 118

119 3. CONTINUOUS OR INTERMITTENT MOVEMENT Continuous movement examples (in vehicle): Roadway striping Certain paving operations Street sweeping Mowing Intermittent movement examples (on foot or in vehicle): Pavement crack or joint sealing Pothole filling Debris cleaning after a storm Storm drain cleaning SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 119

120 4. SPECIALIZED VEHICLE OR EQUIPMENT Specialized equipment is often necessary to minimize the work duration and/or provide worker protection Striping trucks Aerial lift trucks Pavers Convoys These vehicles may require special TTC when in use SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 120

121 5. ACCESSIBILITY ISSUES Although STSDM work period is short, it may still impact: Pedestrians Bicyclists Access to homes and businesses On-street parking Public transit stops Users may not know how to proceed if access is blocked Workers should be prepared to deal with these issues SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 121

122 TRAFFIC CONTROL STRATEGIES Short-Term, Short-Duration, and Mobile Work Zones 122

123 TRAFFIC CONTROL STRATEGIES Unique issues may be addressed through proper TTC strategies Specific guidance is provided relating to: 1. Minimizing time to setup and remove TTC 2. Managing TTC for unexpected or emergency work 3. Managing constant or intermittent movement 4. Maintaining access to intersections, driveways, and parking 5. Accommodating pedestrians and non-motorized users 6. Temporary re-opening of travel lanes 7. Providing positive guidance 8. Accommodating special vehicles (striping trucks, aerial lifts) SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 123

124 1. MINIMIZING TIME FOR SETUP/REMOVAL As work duration decreases, so should TTC setup time Minimize worker exposure Minimize delays Methods to minimize TTC setup time: Reduce the number of TCDs Not cover/remove permanent TCDs Reduce spacing of channelizing TCDs Use lightweight signs and channelizing devices Certain criteria must be met SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 124

125 1. MINIMIZING TIME FOR SETUP/REMOVAL DOMINANT DEVICE EXAMPLES Dominant vehicle-mounted devices may replace TTC devices for certain short-duration or mobile operations High-intensity rotating, flashing, oscillating, or strobe lights Does NOT include hazard flashers Arrow boards or PCMS Retro-reflective markings on appropriately colored vehicles SHORT TERM WORK ZONES 125

126 1. MINIMIZING TIME FOR SETUP/REMOVAL ELIGIBLE CASES FOR DOMINANT DEVICES Short-duration shoulder work No lane encroachment -> Signs and channelizing devices may be omitted Lane encroachment -> Taper and channelizing devices may be omitted if shadow vehicle used Short-duration intersection work Channelizing devices may be omitted Short-term/short-duration work beyond shoulder Signs and channelizing devices may be omitted Consider other short-duration work on case-by-case basis SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 126

127 1. MINIMIZING TIME FOR SETUP/REMOVAL ALTERNATIVES TO COVERING PERMANENT TCDS Permanent signs/markings may provide conflicting messages As work duration decreases, covering devices is not practical Use high visibility devices which emphasize proper path Short-term work Use channelizing devices with closer spacing Spacing (in feet) = 0.5*speed (in mph) Taller cones (42 inches or greater) may be used in lieu of drums Short duration/mobile work No additional action necessary SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 127

128 2. MANAGING URGENT/UNEXPECTED WORK Little time to plan/prepare for work zone setup Details of site condition may be limited Full compliment of TCDs may not be readily available Use available devices until situation can be assessed React/respond to field conditions Expand/move TTC as needed Modify TTC if work takes longer than expected Temporary reopening Nighttime work Overnight shutdown SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 128

129 3. MANAGING CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT - USING FULLY MOBILE TRAFFIC CONTROL Often not practical to provide stationary TTC for Advance warning messages Channelization MUTCD allows for dominant, vehicle-mounted TTC in lieu of stationary TTC devices PCMS or Static Signs Arrow Boards High-intensity rotating, flashing, oscillating, or strobe lights SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 129

130 3. MANAGING INTERMITTENT MOVEMENT - MOBILE VS. STATIONARY TRAFFIC CONTROL Moving short-duration operations Some may be more well-suited for complete mobilization of TTC Others may move so slowly that retrieving stationary devices is more efficient Considerations for mobile vs. stationary work zone setup: Duration of each stop Time and distance between stops Speed of the work zone while in motion Overall distance covered by the operation during the work period Speed and volume on the roadway SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 130

131 3. MANAGING MOVING WORK ZONES - VEHICLE CONVOYS A convoy of multiple vehicles may be necessary Typically use shadow vehicle especially at high speeds or volumes Some operations require multiple vehicle convoy Work convoys may provide several distinct advantages: Additional protection of workers Enhanced work zone conspicuity Extended work area provides additional time for materials to dry Staggering of vehicles allows for more effective channelization SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 131

132 3. MANAGING MOVING WORK ZONES - CAUTION WITH MOBILE CONVOYS Protect convoy against unsafe passing and errant vehicles: Buffer spaces and shielding Truck-mounted arrow boards or PCMS Truck-mounted attenuators Proper roll-ahead distances (spacing between vehicles) Pull over periodically to allow queues to pass Perform work during off-peak hours or at night SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 132

133 4. MAINTAINING ACCESS Maintain access to intersections, driveways, and on-street parking if possible Driveway/intersection closure Consider the development of queues Use flaggers Divert to an alternative entry point if possible Signed detours are impractical for such a short work period On-street parking closure Minimize the number of stalls closed in high-demand areas Ensure shielding of workers with devices and buffer spaces Special attention prior to work zone if metered SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 133

134 5. ACCOMMODATING PEDS, BIKES & TRANSIT Identify presence of peds, bikes, and transit stops in work zone Determine how work activity will impact ped/bike movement Sidewalks/crosswalks ADA accommodation Bike lanes/paths Transit stops Use TCDs to provide safe diversion route Even for short-duration operations Separate motorized and non-motorized traffic streams SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 134

135 6. TEMPORARY RE-OPENING OF TRAVEL LANES Peak period lane restrictions Planned maintenance may be restricted to off-peak Re-open affected travel lanes during peak periods If work is not complete: Move work crews, equipment, and devices off the roadway Cover or shield of any holes or other defects in the pavement. Maintain appropriate TCDs to alert of remaining hazards/defects Work may be finished after peak period SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 135

136 7. PROVIDING POSITIVE GUIDANCE Road users will be often unaware of STSDM work zones Effective positive guidance becomes even more critical Draw attention to work zone Dominant high intensity vehicle lighting PCMS Provide taper and lane designation guidance along with prohibition/closure Channelizing devices Arrow boards SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 136

137 8. USING AERIAL LIFT TRUCKS Aerial trucks (bucket trucks, cherry pickers, or scissor lifts) are commonly used in STSD work zones Often require specialized TTC Refer to state and local standards NEVER extend a bucket over an active traffic stream Use flaggers to close lanes if necessary Use TMA at non-intersection locations SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 137

138 DOES THIS LOOK SAFE?

139 TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL PLAN DEVELOPMENT Short-Term, Short-Duration, and Mobile Work Zones 139

140 140 TTCP DEVELOPMENT GENERAL STEPS 1. Collect necessary characteristics about the site and work scenario 2. Determine appropriate TA for scenario 3. Modify TA based on unique characteristics of STSDM work 4. Develop appropriate TTCP 5. Review and modify TTC in the field as necessary

141 STEP 1: OBTAIN SITE & WORK CHARACTERISTICS Site Characteristics Geometric characteristics (lane width, number of lanes, etc.) Existing traffic control (placement of devices, posted speed limit, etc.) Traffic characteristics (both motorized and non-motorized) Environmental or other surrounding characteristics Work Characteristics Proposed work activity Proposed work duration (including upper and lower bounds) Necessary workers, vehicles, and equipment Additional special considerations SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 141

142 TTCP DEVELOPMENT CHECKLIST Work characteristics Traffic characteristics Geometrics and work location Checklist Handouts SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 142

143 STEP 2: SELECT APPROPRIATE TYPICAL APP. Select appropriate Typical Application from the MUTCD Consider state MUTCDs, standard plans, local regulations TA or Example Plan from the TTCP Selection Software Selecting a TA or Example Plan is NOT the last step Must be modified to fit actual field conditions, as well as specific characteristics of the work SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 143

144 STEP 3: MODIFY TA FOR SITE AND WORK CHARACTERISTICS Consider supplementary notes provided by the MUTCD or state/local guidance Also included for Example Plans in TTCP Selection Software Consider how the field conditions vary from the scenario depicted in the TA Consider the unique characteristics of STSDM work zones Apply strategies outlined within this training SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 144

145 STEP 4: DEVELOP TTCP Lack of adequate planning time for urgent work may limit ability to develop complete TTCP Should include: Detailed schematic of TTC Instructions for field personnel Project coordination strategies These types of work zones will typically not require the additional components or regulations that apply to longer duration work zones SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 145

146 STEP 5: MODIFY BASED ON FIELD CONDITIONS Site conditions may be different than anticipated Work area may be larger/smaller than expected Additional workers, equipment, or vehicles may be needed Unexpected access issues may arise Modify TTC throughout duration as conditions change SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 146

147 SHORT-TERM WORK ZONE STRATEGIES WORK SITE CHARACTERISTICS CHALLENGES THAT REQUIRE FIELD ADJUSTMENT POSSIBLE MITIGATION STRATEGIES Work on traveled way Driveway access Turning movement at intersection Lane closure interferes with land access Use flagger Turning movement prohibition Use of alternate access where feasible Use of self-regulating TCDs for low volume roads Advance warning for lane closure, turn prohibition Work in crosswalk or on sidewalk Pedestrian facility continuity Pedestrian crossing interruption Sidewalk detour ADA compliant Portable barrier Pedestrian detour signs Use flagger Work on traveled way requiring lane closure Traffic congestion and unacceptable level of service Consider advance warning Peak hour break for work Plan for off-peak work Sight distance problem due to grade Move lane closure taper to top of vertical curve Use arrow board Presence of grade/ horizontal curve Sight distance problem at horizontal curve Provide lane closure taper and arrow board at the tangent section 147

148 SHORT-DURATION WORK ZONE STRATEGIES WORK SITE CHARACTERISTICS CHALLENGES THAT REQUIRE FIELD ADJUSTMENT POSSIBLE MITIGATION STRATEGIES Work beyond shoulder Work vehicle placement Work vehicle with dominant light Work vehicle with mounted arrow panel Lane closure with TCD if work vehicle on shoulder/travel lanes Work on shoulder Interrupts sidewalk Provide sidewalk detour signs (portable) Work on traveled way - At or near intersection Work vehicle on traveled way Lane protection by TCD Lane protection by flagger Provide advance warning as appropriate Shadow vehicle with TMA 148

149 MOBILE WORK ZONE STRATEGIES WORK SITE CHARACTERISTICS CHALLENGES THAT REQUIRE FIELD ADJUSTMENT POSSIBLE MITIGATION STRATEGIES Workers on foot High-speed traffic High-traffic volumes Must properly protect field workers on foot Increased potential for errant vehicles and/or higher-speed collisions Increased potential for errant vehicles and/or formation of queues Work/shadow vehicle with dominant devices, arrow panel Temporary rumble strips Shadow vehicle(s) with warning devices Dominant devices Arrow panel Provide law enforcement officers/vehicles Consider staging of construction Off-peak period work Shadow vehicle(s) Portable changeable message sign Arrow board Lack of paved shoulders Shadow and/or work vehicles often are intended to travel along shoulder Consider staging of construction Off-peak period work Shadow vehicle(s) Portable changeable message sign Arrow board 149

150 MOBILE WORK ZONE STRATEGIES WORK SITE CHARACTERISTICS Roadway includes significant horizontal and/or vertical curvature Work includes closure of multiple lanes Roadway includes high frequency of intersections and/or driveways CHALLENGES THAT REQUIRE FIELD ADJUSTMENT Reduces sight distance or may impact vehicle stopping distance Errant vehicle entering convoy Vehicles entering/exiting the traffic stream from additional access point POSSIBLE MITIGATION STRATEGIES Use dominant devices Position shadow vehicles with arrow board for visibility Off-peak work Consider staged work Shadow vehicle(s) Dominant service arrow panel Shadow vehicle(s) Restrict turns Provide alternate access Roadway includes significant pedestrian and/or bicycle traffic Pedestrian and bicycle intrusion Pedestrian detour signs ADA ramps Pedestrian barriers Work expected to be performed during peak period Peak period congestion Detour or diversion Advance notification 150

151 SHORT-TERM WORK ZONE EXAMPLES Temporary Traffic Control Plans 151

152 SHORT-TERM WORK ZONES Work that occupies a location for more than 1 hour within a single daylight period Some ambiguity between definition of short-term and short-duration work zones Utility work zones Various highway maintenance operations Asphalt pavement patching and preventative maintenance operations Traffic signal maintenance SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 152

153 ASPHALT PATCHING ON MULTI-LANE DIVIDED HIGHWAY Asphalt paving operations are a common short-term work zone Consider roll-ahead distances of work/shadow vehicles equipped with TMAs Use taller (42 ) cones instead of barrels Keep vehicles and equipment to one side if possible Never assume shoulders are safe work areas

154 MAINTENANCE OPERATION NEAR SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION May include maintenance of signal, sign, detector Truck-mounted attenuator is optional Use high-intensity warning lights on work vehicles to provide 360 o warning Advance warning signs should be on portable stands to reduce setup time NEVER extend a bucket over an active traffic stream 154

155 UTILITY WORK ON TWO-LANE HIGHWAY Flagger control is necessary due providing only a single lane Reduce setup time Portable warning signs Taller (42 ) cones instead of barrels Optional buffer spaces help reduce risks to highway workers due to errant vehicles Note optional truck-mounted attentuator

156 MAINTENANCE WORK NEARBY INTERSECTION ON LOW-VOLUME ROADWAY Note the optional pavement markings and devices Likely inefficient for this application for short-term work Type 3 Barricade is required Road users must be able to see approaching vehicular traffic beyond the work site in order to safely yield Volume must be low enough for sufficient gaps to exist for yielding traffic

157 SHORT-DURATION WORK ZONE EXAMPLES Temporary Traffic Control Layout 157

158 SHORT-DURATION WORK ZONES Work that occupies a location up to one hour Traffic signal maintenance Pavement patching or other repair operations Surveying operations Bridge or other highway element inspections Loading or unloading equipment or other pre-work operations Utility work zones Tree trimming operations SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 158

159 159 SHORT-DURATION TRAFFIC SIGNAL MAINTENANCE Use high-intensity warning lights and retroreflective markings on work vehicles to provide 360 o warning 10 feet of paved traveled way must remain Advance warning signs should be on portable stands to reduce setup time NEVER extend a bucket over an active traffic stream

160 SURVEYING OPERATION Centerline: Cones should be placed 6-12 on either side of the centerline Shoulder: Flaggers may be omitted DO NOT assume shoulders areas are automatically safe Consider: BE PREPARED TO STOP signs High-level warning devices to protect the survey equipment

161 TREE TRIMMING OPERATIONS DO NOT assume shoulders areas are automatically safe work areas Use additional traffic control if necessary to prevent falling limbs from injuring workers, pedestrians or motorists Consider the optional lateral buffer space for this application Traffic cones should be utilized as channelizing devices instead of barrels

162 162 MID-BLOCK MAINTENANCE OPERATION Examples include tree trimming or utility work Truck-mounted attenuator is optional Include on high speed and/or high volume roadways Advance warning signs should be on portable stands to reduce setup time 10 feet minimum lane width is required to maintain travel in the lane adjacent to the work area NEVER extend the bucket over an active traffic stream

163 FREEWAY MAINTENANCE OPERATION Consider joining several short-duration work areas together into a single stationary work zone of longer duration For example, reducing several lane or shoulder closures over a larger area to a single closure Separate arrow boards must be used for each closed lane

164 MOBILE WORK ZONE EXAMPLES Temporary Traffic Control Layout 164

165 MOBILE WORK ZONES Work that moves intermittently or continuously Sweeping, debris removal, or other cleaning activities Pavement marking installation or removal Asphalt cold patching operations Rumble strip installation Various preventative maintenance operations SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 165

166 MOBILE OPERATION ON SHOULDER Vehicle mounted signs must not be obscured by equipment or supplies Arrow board is optional Caution mode must be used! Vehicle s hazard warning lights not acceptable alone High-intensity rotating, flashing, oscillating, or strobe lights required MODULE 1: SHORT TERM WORK ZONES 166

167 MOBILE STRIPING OPERATION Both shadow and work vehicles SHALL display high-intensity rotating, flashing, oscillating, or strobe lights Truck-mounted PCMS may be used in lieu of arrow boards WET PAINT / KEEP RIGHT Work convoy should pull over to allow vehicles to pass WHERE PRACTICAL DO NOT PASS signs should be used otherwise Arrow panel facing oncoming traffic is OPTIONAL but recommended 167

168 MULTI-LANE MOBILE OPERATION Space between vehicles should be minimized to deter road users from driving in between convoy Work should be performed during off-peak daylight hours if possible Truck-mounted attenuators are required for shadow vehicles in traveled way Optional for vehicle in shoulder/work vehicle Arrow boards shall be used for freeway lane closures One arrow board for each lane MODULE 1: SHORT TERM WORK ZONES 168

169 OTHER RESOURCES Further information on highway work zone safety can be found through the following organizations: American Road and Transportation Builders Association: American Traffic Safety Services Association: Federal Highway Administration: Institute of Transportation Engineers: Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices: National Highway Institute: National Work Zone Safety Information Clearinghouse: Occupational Safety and Health Administration: Texas Transportation Institute: Transportation Research Board: SHORT TERM, SHORT-DURATION, AND MOBILE WORK ZONES 169

170 TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL PLAN SELECTION SOFTWARE FHWA GRANT DTFH61-11-RA

171 DISCLAIMER Opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this presentation are those of contractor(s) and not necessarily those of USDOT or FHWA Was prepared in cooperation with USDOT and FHWA The Temporary Traffic Control Plan Selection Software is a Living Document and may be modified and updated as needed TTCP SOFTWARE 171

172 PURPOSE Training Program for Temporary Traffic Control Plan Selection Software Applicable for: Safety Professionals Highway Workers State and Local Road Agencies Permit Granting Agencies TTCP SOFTWARE 172

173 INTRODUCTION SAFETEA-LU (2005) FHWA Work Zone Safety Grant Program 2006 Work Zone Safety Grant WSU - Utility Work Zone TTCP Software Tool 2011 Work Zone Safety Grant WSU - Development of Comprehensive Tool TTCP SOFTWARE 173

174 FEDERAL MUTCD AND PART 6 Part 6 of the MUTCD Temporary Traffic Control Guidance, Standards, Devices, etc MUTCD Includes 46 Typical Applications TTCP SOFTWARE 174

175 46 MUTCD TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Cover a variety of situations commonly encountered Not every possible situation can be addressed Some scenarios require combining components of two or more typical applications For example: Closure at the Side of an Intersection (TA-27) WITH Sidewalk Detour or Diversion (TA-28) TTCP SOFTWARE 175

176 176 EXAMPLE TYPICAL APPLICATION 28 Typical applications include: Necessary Temporary Traffic Control Devices Signs Channelizing Devices Optional Devices Dimensions for TTC Layout Placement of Advance Warning Devices Taper Lengths Spacing Between Channelizing Devices Special Notes

177 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

178 STATE AND LOCAL STANDARDS 2009 National MUTCD minimum national standard for all facets of temporary traffic control States must either: Adopt National MUTCD Adopt National MUTCD with State Supplements Adopt State MUTCD in substantial conformance with 2009 National edition National MUTCD is the minimum standard State-level MUTCD or supplement may be more rigorous TTCP SOFTWARE 178

179 MUTCD BY STATE

180 GAPS IN TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Only 46 Typical Applications DO NOT cover all of the frequently encountered work zone scenarios Can be incorrectly implemented As Is TA s must be tailored to the specific work zone scenario encountered Rarely verbatim the same as generalized scenario shown in TA TTCP SOFTWARE 180

181 EXAMPLE PLANS WSU-TRG developed 72 Example Plans Supplement the existing 46 TAs Cover many additional work zone scenarios that are frequently encountered Based on state of the art and practice in highway work zones Best practices in individual states Up to date research literature Reviewed by the FHWA, national focus group, and experienced professional work zone consultant TTCP SOFTWARE 181

182 TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL SELECTION SOFTWARE Combination of: 46 Typical Applications from 2009 MUTCD 72 additional example plans State-specific standard drawings Separated into EIGHT distinct modules Users navigate flow chart logic to arrive at appropriate plan Additional drop down menus for site-specific information TTCP SOFTWARE 182

183 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS Web-based software tool compatible with: Personal computers (Windows, and Apple OS) Tablets and mobile devices (ios, Android, Windows Mobile) Compatible browsers include: Mozilla Firefox Google Chrome Microsoft Internet Explorer Apple Safari TTCP SOFTWARE 183

184 TTCP MODULES

185 STATE-SPECIFIC WORK ZONE MODULE Comprehensive list of the plans available for each state Should always be checked first for appropriate state-level plans Standard plans are updated periodically by WSU-TRG

186 STATE-SPECIFIC EXAMPLE Assuming that the State of Georgia is selected:

187 STATE-SPECIFIC EXAMPLE Returns User to Work Zone Safety Homepage Link to the Individual State s Standard Plans Page Most Recent Update of State Plans Clicking any one of the links will direct the user to a PDF of that plan

188 STATE-SPECIFIC EXAMPLE Remember to always check for state-specific versions of the work zone scenario!

189 ADDITIONAL STATE EXAMPLES Selecting a specific category will filter the results TTCP SOFTWARE 189

190 ADDITIONAL STATE EXAMPLES Clicking any one of the links will direct the user to a PDF of that plan TTCP SOFTWARE 190

191 ADDITIONAL STATE EXAMPLES Remember to always check for state-specific versions of the work zone scenario! TTCP SOFTWARE 191

192 ADDITIONAL STATE EXAMPLES Selecting a specific category will filter the results TTCP SOFTWARE 192

193 ADDITIONAL STATE EXAMPLES Selecting intersection will provide the plans related to intersections in Florida Clicking any one of the links will direct the user to a PDF of that plan TTCP SOFTWARE 193

194 ADDITIONAL STATE EXAMPLES Remember to always check for state-specific versions of the work zone scenario! TTCP SOFTWARE 194

195 ADDITIONAL STATE EXAMPLES Selecting a specific category will filter the results TTCP SOFTWARE 195

196 ADDITIONAL STATE EXAMPLES Selecting other will provide the plans which are not specifically categorized from Florida Clicking any one of the links will direct the user to a PDF of that plan TTCP SOFTWARE 196

197 ADDITIONAL STATE EXAMPLES Some items in the state-specific module may include summary tables or notes Some plans or items may involve multiple page PDFs In general, each state s list will contain all of the standard plans, typical applications and notes from that state TTCP SOFTWARE 197

198 UTILITY WORK ZONE MODULE Example plans originally developed as a part of 2006 FHWA Work Zone Safety Grant Similar to Typical Application counterpart in the MUTCD Temporary traffic control devices geared towards utility work zones Short or intermediate term operations Still compliant to National MUTCD TTCP SOFTWARE 198

199 UTILITY WORK ZONE MODULE Clicking an object in the flow chart will skip to that portion of the logic Advance through flow chart logic to appropriate TTCP Users will be re-directed to the appropriate module as necessary TTCP SOFTWARE 199

200 UTILITY WORK ZONE MODULE Once an object is clicked on any flowchart, the user will be prompted with questions about the roadway and work site in question TTCP SOFTWARE 200

201 QUICK EXAMPLE Suppose a TTCP is required for the following utility work zone: Utility work on shoulder of a two lane roadway Work does not encroach onto roadway Urban roadway with 45 MPH posted speed limit Moderate traffic volumes 11 wide travel lanes with 3 paved shoulders TTCP SOFTWARE 201

202 PROGRESSING THROUGH THE FLOW CHART Begin at the Main Module of the TTCP Software Since this is a Utility Work Zone, the Utility Work Zone Module should be selected TTCP SOFTWARE 202

203 PROGRESSING THROUGH THE FLOWCHART This will lead to the Utility Work Zone Module where all plans relevant to utility work zones will be found The user may either answer every question in the logic or skip ahead by clicking the appropriate question object TTCP SOFTWARE 203

204 QUESTION OBJECTS The first relevant question for this example involves the location of the utility work Given that we know the work in question is taking place on the shoulder only, selecting On Shoulder is appropriate 204

205 SUB-MODULES In addition to the eight modules of the software, there are many sub-modules for specific roadway scenarios Utility Work Zone On Shoulder Sub-Module Introduce a new flowchart specific to that roadway scenario Given that we know the work is taking place on a two-lane roadway and does not have low volumes and low speed, Figure D3 is the most appropriate TTCP

206 DYNAMIC QUESTIONS Additional information about the work being performed or roadway conditions may be necessary after the appropriate plan is selected This information can be entered via the drop down menus TTCP SOFTWARE 206

207 DISPLAY OF TTCP A table will be shown which displays the appropriate dimensions for the layout of TTCDs The appropriate plan will be displayed on screen, including all required devices Buttons are included at the top which allow the user to: Return to Work Zone Safety Homepage, the Main Module, or the previous module A display of the legend/symbols Printing and zoom functions

208 INTERSECTION MODULE Includes typical applications and example plans appropriate for use in the vicinity of highway intersections Incorporates the Roundabout Work Zone sub-module, including example plans developed specifically for roundabouts Not covered in the 46 TAs TTCP SOFTWARE 208

209 INTERSECTION EXAMPLE Suppose a TTCP is required for a signalized intersection: Two approach lanes in the direction where the work is occurring Work on the far side of the intersection in the left lane Urban area with 40 MPH posted speed limit No shoulder with 11 foot wide travel lanes Work will interfere with the crosswalk TTCP SOFTWARE 209

210 INTERSECTION EXAMPLE Following through the flow chart logic within the Intersection Module, the user will be directed to dynamic questions page for TA 6H-23 Enter the additional work and site characteristics to determine the appropriate plan TTCP SOFTWARE 210

211 INTERSECTION EXAMPLE A button is included which will display the typical application for pedestrian detours since crosswalks are affected 211

212 ROUNDABOUT EXAMPLE The Roundabout Module can be found within the intersection module Suppose a TTCP is required for a single-lane roundabout with the following characteristics: Urban roadway with 40 MPH posted speed limit 11 feet wide travel lanes with no shoulders 7 foot closure within the circulating lane TTCP SOFTWARE 212

213 ROUNDABOUT EXAMPLE A button is included which will display the typical application for roundabout detour due to the closure

214 MOBILE WORK ZONE MODULE Includes typical applications and example plans specific to mobile work zone operations Generalized plan for mobile striping operations not included in the MUTCD Expansion of TA 6H-35 for two and three lane scenarios TTCP SOFTWARE 214

215 WORK ZONE DETOUR MODULE Includes the typical applications for detours required for various types of highway work zone scenarios Specific plans are included for roundabouts and pedestrians detours as necessary within the software TTCP SOFTWARE 215

216 FREEWAY WORK ZONE MODULE Includes typical applications and example plans specific to operations taking place on the freeway Example plans greatly expand on the variety of possible roadway geometries and work locations involved in freeway operations beyond the MUTCD TTCP SOFTWARE 216

217 FREEWAY EXAMPLE Suppose a TTCP is required for shoulder work on an urban freeway Left shoulder work (median side) 6 feet wide shoulder with 12 feet wide travel lanes Complete closure of shoulder 70 MPH posted speed limit Within the Freeway Module, shoulder only work can be selected TTCP SOFTWARE 217

218 FREEWAY EXAMPLE Whenever an example plan is shown, a disclaimer will indicate that the plan is not a TA from the MUTCD

219 TWO-LANE WORK ZONE MODULE Includes typical applications and example plans specific to operations taking place on two-lane roadways Example plans for haul roads beyond TA 6H- 14, for long-term and short-term scenarios TTCP SOFTWARE 219

220 MULTI-LANE WORK ZONE MODULE Includes typical applications and example plans specific to operations taking place on multi-lane highways Does not cover work zone scenarios beyond three lanes in one direction Specific plans for short, intermediate, and long term scenarios TTCP SOFTWARE 220

221 MULTI-LANE EXAMPLE Suppose a TTCP is required for a multi-lane highway which includes a two-way left turn lane Five foot closure within the two-way left turn lane Rural highway with posted speed limit of 40 MPH and 11 feet wide travel lanes Skip to the portion of the multi-lane module which relates to highways with two-way left turn lanes TTCP SOFTWARE 221

222 MULTI-LANE EXAMPLE Optional TTC may also be shown in the plan, such as the optional high-level warning device shown in Example Plan 32I

223 WORK ZONE SAFETY HOMEPAGE WZ Home button will return the user to the homepage from any of the Work Zone Safety Grant products TTCP SOFTWARE 223

224 WORK ZONE SAFETY COMPENDIUM OF DOCUMENTS SEARCH ENGINE FHWA GRANT DTFH61-11-RA

225 DISCLAIMER Opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this presentation are those of contractor(s) and not necessarily those of USDOT or FHWA Was prepared in cooperation with USDOT and FHWA The Work Zone Safety Compendium of Documents Search Engine is a Living Document and may be modified and updated as needed COMPENDIUM 225

226 WORK ZONE SAFETY COMPENDIUM OF DOCUMENTS SEARCH ENGINE Workzone.eng.wayne.edu Developed as a part of the 2011 FHWA Work Zone Safety Grant Customized search engine of all documents relating to highway work zones COMPENDIUM 226

227 WORK ZONE SAFETY COMPENDIUM OF DOCUMENTS SEARCH ENGINE 227