Catalogue no X. Wholesale Trade. August 2008

Transcription

1 Catalogue no X Wholesale Tade August

2 How to obtain moe infomation Fo infomation about this poduct o the wide ange of sevices and data available fom Statistics Canada, visit ou website at usatinfostats@statcan.ca, o telephone us, Monday to Fiday fom 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., at the following numbes: Statistics Canada s National Contact Cente Toll-fee telephone (Canada and the United States): Inquiies line National telecommunications device fo the heaing impaied Fax line Local o intenational calls: Inquiies line Fax line Depositoy Sevices Pogam Inquiies line Fax line To access this poduct This poduct, Catalogue no X, is available fee in electonic fomat. To obtain a single issue, visit ou website at and select Publications > Fee Intenet publications. Standads of sevice to the public Statistics Canada is committed to seving its clients in a pompt, eliable and couteous manne. To this end, Statistics Canada has developed standads of sevice that its employees obseve. To obtain a copy of these sevice standads, please contact Statistics Canada toll-fee at The sevice standads ae also published on unde About us > Poviding sevices to Canadians.

3 Statistics Canada Distibutive Tades Division Wholesale Tade August Published by authoity of the Ministe esponsible fo Statistics Canada Ministe of Industy, All ights eseved. The content of this electonic publication may be epoduced, in whole o in pat, and by any means, without futhe pemission fom Statistics Canada, subject to the following conditions: that it be done solely fo the puposes of pivate study, eseach, citicism, eview o newspape summay, and/o fo non-commecial puposes; and that Statistics Canada be fully acknowledged as follows: Souce (o Adapted fom, if appopiate): Statistics Canada, yea of publication, name of poduct, catalogue numbe, volume and issue numbes, efeence peiod and page(s). Othewise, no pat of this publication may be epoduced, stoed in a etieval system o tansmitted in any fom, by any means electonic, mechanical o photocopy o fo any puposes without pio witten pemission of Licensing Sevices, Client Sevices Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontaio, Canada K1A 0T6. Octobe Catalogue no X, vol. 71, no. 8 ISSN Fequency: Monthly Ottawa La vesion fançaise de cette publication est disponible su demande (n o X au catalogue). Note of appeciation Canada owes the success of its statistical system to a long standing patneship between Statistics Canada, the citizens of Canada, its businesses, govenments and othe institutions. Accuate and timely statistical infomation could not be poduced without thei continued coopeation and goodwill.

4 Use infomation Symbols The following standad symbols ae used in Statistics Canada publications:. not available fo any efeence peiod.. not available fo a specific efeence peiod... not applicable 0 tue zeo o a value ounded to zeo 0s p x E F value ounded to 0 (zeo) whee thee is a meaningful distinction between tue zeo and the value that was ounded peliminay evised suppessed to meet the confidentiality equiements of the Statistics Act usewithcaution too uneliable to be published Note to uses Figues may not add up to totals because of ounding. Acknowledgements This publication was pepaed unde the diection of: May Beth Ganeau, Diecto, Distibutive Tades Division Helen McDonald, Assistant Diecto, Distibutive Tades Division Catheine Mamay, Chief, Wholesale Tade Section, Distibutive Tades Division Mac Atkins, Economist, autho of this publication 2 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

5 Table of contents Highlights 5 Analysis August 6 Related poducts 9 Statistical tables 1 Wholesale mechants Sales, by tade goup and egion, seasonally adjusted Sales Pecentage change fom pevious month Pecentage change fom pevious yea 13 2 Wholesale mechants Sales, by tade goup and egion, not seasonally adjusted Sales Pecentage change fom pevious yea 15 3 Wholesale mechants Sales (cuent peiods) Coefficient of vaiation 16 4 Wholesale mechants Inventoies, by tade goup, seasonally adjusted Inventoies Pecentage change fom pevious month Pecentage change fom pevious yea 17 5 Wholesale mechants Inventoies, by tade goup, not seasonally adjusted Inventoies Pecentage change fom pevious yea 18 6 Wholesale mechants Inventoies/sales atio, seasonally adjusted, by tade goup Cuent peiod Histoical 19 7 Wholesale mechants Inventoies (cuent peiods) Coefficient of vaiation 20 Data quality, concepts and methodology Objective, uses and uses 21 Concepts, vaiables and classifications 22 Coveage and fames 24 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 3

6 Wholesale Tade August Table of contents continued Sampling 25 Questionnaie design 26 Response and non-esponse 27 Data collection and captue opeations 30 Editing 31 Imputation 32 Estimation 33 Revisions and seasonal adjustment 34 Adjustment fo histoical seies 36 Data quality evaluation 37 Disclosue contol 38 Data compaability 39 Appendix I Special aggegation: Wholesale tade 40 Chats 1. Wholesale sales 6 2. Inventoy-to-sales atio 7 3. Inventoies 8 4 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

7 Highlights A significant decline in the automotive secto bought to an end a sting of five consecutive monthly inceases in wholesale sales in August, which dopped 1.5% to $45.7 billion in cuent dollas. Sales excluding the automotive poducts secto ose 0.5%. Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 5

8 Analysis August A significant decline in the automotive secto bought to an end a sting of five consecutive monthly inceases in wholesale sales in August, which dopped 1.5% to $45.7 billion in cuent dollas. Sales excluding the automotive poducts secto ose 0.5%. Chat 1 Wholesale sales billions of dollas Tend Seasonally adjusted S J J J A Afte emoving the impact of pice changes, sales in volume tems wee 3.3% lowe. Sales of automotive poducts fell 11.7% in August to $7.0 billion, offsetting the gains ove the two pevious months. A 13.2% decline in moto vehicle sales was behind most of the dop, while sales of moto vehicle pats and accessoies fell 5.8%. Much of the decline in moto vehicle sales can be attibuted to slowing demand fo lage less fuel-efficient vehicles. Accoding to the latest Intenational Tade epot, impots of tucks fell by 29% in August to each thei lowest level in ove fou yeas. The incease outside of the automotive secto was in lage pat due to highe sales in the food, beveage and tobacco poducts and "othe poducts" sectos, both of which gained 2.2% in August. The latte consists pimaily of sales of agicultual fetilizes and supplies, chemicals, ecycled mateials and pape poducts. Note to eades Wholesale sales in eal tems ae calculated by deflating cuent dolla values using impot and industy poduct pice indexes. Since many of the goods sold by wholesales ae impoted, fluctuations in the value of the Canadian dolla can lead to diffeences between the levels and gowth ates when compaed to simila estimates pesented in cuent dollas. The wholesale sales seies in chained (2002) dollas is a chained Fishe volume index with 2002 as the efeence yea. 6 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

9 Wholesale Tade August Ontaio hit by dop in automotive secto Afte posting five consecutive monthly inceases, Ontaio evesed couse in August, egisteing its lagest decline (-6.5%) since August The automotive secto, which had fuelled most of the ecent gains, was behind the dop. Nealy all othe povinces epoted highe sales in August. The most significant inceases came in Westen Canada, led by a 5.5% ise in Bitish Columbia. Albeta ecoded a seventh incease (+5.1%) in eight months, while in Saskatchewan, sales ose (+5.2%) fo the sixth consecutive month. Highe sales of "othe poducts" wee behind muchoftheinceaseinalltheepovinces. Sales in Quebec also continued to move ahead, ising fo a fifth consecutive month. The ecent inceases ae patly attibutable to highe demand fo pesonal and household goods. Inventoies ise fo a sixth consecutive month Wholesales epoted a 0.6% ise in inventoies to $56.9 billion in August, making a sixth consecutive monthly ise. Oveall, 8 of 15 tade goups epoted highe inventoy levels. The most significant inceases wee in the "othe poducts" (+3.6%) and metal poducts (+3.9%) tade goups. These advances wee patially offset by a 3.2% dop in household and pesonal poduct inventoies. Following seveal months of declines, the inventoy-to-sales atio ose fom 1.22 in July to 1.25 in August. The inventoy-to-sales atio is a measue of the time, in months, that would be equied to exhaust inventoies if sales wee to emain at thei cuent level. Chat 2 Inventoy-to-sales atio atio Tend Seasonally adjusted S J J J A Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 7

10 Wholesale Tade August Chat 3 Inventoies billions of dollas Tend Seasonally adjusted S J J J A Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

11 Related poducts Selected technical and analytical poducts fom Statistics Canada M Wholesales: A Key Link in Canada s Economy M Between the Poduce and Retaile: A Review of Wholesale Tade fo 2005 Selected CANSIM tables fom Statistics Canada Wholesale tade, sales by tade goup based on the Noth Ameican Industy Classification System (NAICS), monthly Wholesale tade, inventoies by tade goup based on the Noth Ameican Industy Classification System (NAICS), monthly Wholesale tade, sales, chained dollas and pice index, monthly Wholesale tade, sales and sales tend, seasonally adjusted, by tade secto based on the Noth Ameican Industy Classification System (NAICS), monthly Selected suveys fom Statistics Canada 2401 Wholesale Tade Suvey (Monthly) Selected summay tables fom Statistics Canada Wholesale mechants sales, by industy (monthly) Wholesale mechants sales, by povince and teitoy (monthly) Wholesale mechants inventoies, by industy (monthly) Wholesale mechants sales, by industy Wholesale mechants sales, by povince and teitoy Wholesale mechants inventoies, by industy Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 9

12 Statistical tables

13 Wholesale Tade August Table 1-1 Wholesale mechants Sales, by tade goup and egion, seasonally adjusted Sales p August July June May Yea-to-date millions of dollas Tade Goup - Canada Fam poducts ,644 Food poducts 7,040 6,873 6,998 6,903 55,057 Alcohol and tobacco ,340 Appael ,384 Home and pesonal poducts 2,747 2,844 2,845 2,793 22,152 Phamaceuticals 3,276 3,240 3,240 3,177 25,281 Moto vehicles 5,444 6,271 6,070 5,574 45,977 Moto vehicle pats and accessoies 1,543 1,638 1,598 1,514 12,417 Building supplies 3,835 3,950 3,841 3,768 30,289 Metal poducts 1,787 1,850 1,657 1,537 12,774 Lumbe and millwok ,574 Machiney and equipment 5,305 5,251 4,958 4,872 39,268 Computes and othe electonic equipment 2,860 2,819 2,814 2,833 22,088 Office and pofessional equipment 2,126 2,081 2,034 2,041 16,422 Othe poducts 6,759 6,616 6,208 6,409 49,331 Total, all tade goups 45,670 46,384 45,161 44, ,997 Regions Newfoundland and Labado ,122 Pince Edwad Island Nova Scotia ,689 New Bunswick ,511 Quebec 8,634 8,454 8,358 8,193 66,066 Ontaio 21,723 23,244 22,536 21, ,319 Manitoba 1,110 1,142 1,092 1,088 8,776 Saskatchewan 2,024 1,924 1,754 1,703 13,472 Albeta 6,066 5,773 5,614 5,764 44,775 Bitish Columbia 4,660 4,416 4,391 4,403 35,320 Yukon Teitoy Nothwest Teitoies Nunavut Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 11

14 Wholesale Tade August Table 1-2 Wholesale mechants Sales, by tade goup and egion, seasonally adjusted Pecentage change fom pevious month p August July June May pecent Tade Goup - Canada Fam poducts Food poducts Alcohol and tobacco Appael Home and pesonal poducts Phamaceuticals Moto vehicles Moto vehicle pats and accessoies Building supplies Metal poducts Lumbe and millwok Machiney and equipment Computes and othe electonic equipment Office and pofessional equipment Othe poducts Total, all tade goups Regions Newfoundland and Labado Pince Edwad Island Nova Scotia New Bunswick Quebec Ontaio Manitoba Saskatchewan Albeta Bitish Columbia Yukon Teitoy Nothwest Teitoies Nunavut Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

15 Wholesale Tade August Table 1-3 Wholesale mechants Sales, by tade goup and egion, seasonally adjusted Pecentage change fom pevious yea p August July June May Yea-to-date pecent Tade Goup - Canada Fam poducts Food poducts Alcohol and tobacco Appael Home and pesonal poducts Phamaceuticals Moto vehicles Moto vehicle pats and accessoies Building supplies Metal poducts Lumbe and millwok Machiney and equipment Computes and othe electonic equipment Office and pofessional equipment Othe poducts Total, all tade goups Regions Newfoundland and Labado Pince Edwad Island Nova Scotia New Bunswick Quebec Ontaio Manitoba Saskatchewan Albeta Bitish Columbia Yukon Teitoy Nothwest Teitoies Nunavut Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 13

16 Wholesale Tade August Table 2-1 Wholesale mechants Sales, by tade goup and egion, not seasonally adjusted Sales p August July June May Yea-to-date millions of dollas Tade Goup - Canada Fam poducts ,525 Food poducts 7,154 7,240 7,132 7,330 54,459 Alcohol and tobacco ,260 Appael 1, ,380 Home and pesonal poducts 2,673 2,704 2,726 2,699 20,595 Phamaceuticals 3,049 3,207 3,130 3,146 24,699 Moto vehicles 5,052 5,152 6,439 6,302 46,298 Moto vehicle pats and accessoies 1,544 1,619 1,609 1,604 12,337 Building supplies 3,935 4,140 4,209 4,053 30,035 Metal poducts 1,779 1,808 1,677 1,603 12,842 Lumbe and millwok 1,006 1,049 1,019 1,083 7,775 Machiney and equipment 5,165 5,476 5,342 5,293 39,526 Computes and othe electonic equipment 2,573 2,643 2,778 2,485 21,321 Office and pofessional equipment 1,946 2,003 2,108 2,013 16,166 Othe poducts 6,165 6,373 7,266 8,943 51,220 Total, all tade goups 44,168 45,467 47,200 48, ,438 Regions Newfoundland and Labado ,107 Pince Edwad Island Nova Scotia ,697 New Bunswick ,478 Quebec 8,592 8,472 8,509 8,646 65,278 Ontaio 20,842 21,974 23,381 23, ,827 Manitoba 1,022 1,150 1,271 1,435 8,941 Saskatchewan 1,905 1,966 2,077 2,505 14,057 Albeta 5,771 5,796 5,879 6,456 44,798 Bitish Columbia 4,536 4,541 4,532 4,635 35,295 Yukon Teitoy Nothwest Teitoies Nunavut Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

17 Wholesale Tade August Table 2-2 Wholesale mechants Sales, by tade goup and egion, not seasonally adjusted Pecentage change fom pevious yea p August July June May Yea-to-date pecent Tade Goup - Canada Fam poducts Food poducts Alcohol and tobacco Appael Home and pesonal poducts Phamaceuticals Moto vehicles Moto vehicle pats and accessoies Building supplies Metal poducts Lumbe and millwok Machiney and equipment Computes and othe electonic equipment Office and pofessional equipment Othe poducts Total, all tade goups Regions Newfoundland and Labado Pince Edwad Island Nova Scotia New Bunswick Quebec Ontaio Manitoba Saskatchewan Albeta Bitish Columbia Yukon Teitoy Nothwest Teitoies Nunavut Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 15

18 Wholesale Tade August Table 3 Wholesale mechants Sales (cuent peiods) Coefficient of vaiation p August July June May pecent Tade Goup - Canada Fam poducts Food poducts Alcohol and tobacco Appael Home and pesonal poducts Phamaceuticals Moto vehicles Moto vehicle pats and accessoies Building supplies Metal poducts Lumbe and millwok Machiney and equipment Computes and othe electonic equipment Office and pofessional equipment Othe poducts Total, all tade goups Regions Newfoundland and Labado Pince Edwad Island Nova Scotia New Bunswick Quebec Ontaio Manitoba Saskatchewan Albeta Bitish Columbia Yukon Teitoy Nothwest Teitoies Nunavut Table 4-1 Wholesale mechants Inventoies, by tade goup, seasonally adjusted Inventoies p August July June May millions of dollas Tade Goup - Canada Fam poducts Food poducts 4,448 4,471 4,397 4,373 Alcohol and tobacco Appael 1,893 1,838 1,824 1,774 Home and pesonal poducts 4,116 4,251 4,234 4,110 Phamaceuticals 3,883 3,899 3,874 3,802 Moto vehicles 4,536 4,559 4,394 4,243 Moto vehicle pats and accessoies 3,280 3,308 3,332 3,281 Building supplies 6,038 6,044 5,980 6,001 Metal poducts 3,122 3,003 2,933 2,824 Lumbe and millwok 1,228 1,186 1,135 1,107 Machiney and equipment 11,593 11,598 11,592 11,540 Computes and othe electonic equipment 1,838 1,779 1,739 1,720 Office and pofessional equipment 2,812 2,804 2,778 2,731 Othe poducts 7,520 7,261 7,079 6,964 Total, all tade goups 56,866 56,541 55,831 54, Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

19 Wholesale Tade August Table 4-2 Wholesale mechants Inventoies, by tade goup, seasonally adjusted Pecentage change fom pevious month p August July June May pecent Tade Goup - Canada Fam poducts Food poducts Alcohol and tobacco Appael Home and pesonal poducts Phamaceuticals Moto vehicles Moto vehicle pats and accessoies Building supplies Metal poducts Lumbe and millwok Machiney and equipment Computes and othe electonic equipment Office and pofessional equipment Othe poducts Total, all tade goups Table 4-3 Wholesale mechants Inventoies, by tade goup, seasonally adjusted Pecentage change fom pevious yea p August July June May pecent Tade Goup - Canada Fam poducts Food poducts Alcohol and tobacco Appael Home and pesonal poducts Phamaceuticals Moto vehicles Moto vehicle pats and accessoies Building supplies Metal poducts Lumbe and millwok Machiney and equipment Computes and othe electonic equipment Office and pofessional equipment Othe poducts Total, all tade goups Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 17

20 Wholesale Tade August Table 5-1 Wholesale mechants Inventoies, by tade goup, not seasonally adjusted Inventoies p August July June May millions of dollas Tade Goup - Canada Fam poducts Food poducts 4,413 4,474 4,397 4,369 Alcohol and tobacco Appael 2,027 1,986 1,843 1,675 Home and pesonal poducts 4,160 4,294 4,225 4,056 Phamaceuticals 3,828 3,851 3,846 3,782 Moto vehicles 4,232 4,230 4,173 4,135 Moto vehicle pats and accessoies 3,337 3,337 3,355 3,294 Building supplies 6,129 6,126 5,997 6,080 Metal poducts 3,206 3,055 2,937 2,810 Lumbe and millwok 1,165 1,160 1,146 1,134 Machiney and equipment 11,529 11,729 11,783 11,832 Computes and othe electonic equipment 1,766 1,728 1,645 1,658 Office and pofessional equipment 2,842 2,813 2,747 2,694 Othe poducts 7,034 6,695 6,535 7,118 Total, all tade goups 56,237 56,031 55,171 55,160 Table 5-2 Wholesale mechants Inventoies, by tade goup, not seasonally adjusted Pecentage change fom pevious yea p August July June May pecent Tade Goup - Canada Fam poducts Food poducts Alcohol and tobacco Appael Home and pesonal poducts Phamaceuticals Moto vehicles Moto vehicle pats and accessoies Building supplies Metal poducts Lumbe and millwok Machiney and equipment Computes and othe electonic equipment Office and pofessional equipment Othe poducts Total, all tade goups Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

21 Wholesale Tade August Table 6-1 Wholesale mechants Inventoies/sales atio, seasonally adjusted, by tade goup Cuent peiod Inventoies/sales atio July p August June May pecent Tade Goup - Canada Fam poducts Food poducts Alcohol and tobacco Appael Home and pesonal poducts Phamaceuticals Moto vehicles Moto vehicle pats and accessoies Building supplies Metal poducts Lumbe and millwok Machiney and equipment Computes and othe electonic equipment Office and pofessional equipment Othe poducts Total, all tade goups Table 6-2 Wholesale mechants Inventoies/sales atio, seasonally adjusted, by tade goup Histoical Inventoies/sales atio August 2007 July 2007 June 2007 May 2007 pecent Tade Goup - Canada Fam poducts Food poducts Alcohol and tobacco Appael Home and pesonal poducts Phamaceuticals Moto vehicles Moto vehicle pats and accessoies Building supplies Metal poducts Lumbe and millwok Machiney and equipment Computes and othe electonic equipment Office and pofessional equipment Othe poducts Total, all tade goups Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 19

22 Wholesale Tade August Table 7 Wholesale mechants Inventoies (cuent peiods) Coefficient of vaiation p August July June May pecent Tade Goup - Canada Fam poducts Food poducts Alcohol and tobacco Appael Home and pesonal poducts Phamaceuticals Moto vehicles Moto vehicle pats and accessoies Building supplies Metal poducts Lumbe and millwok Machiney and equipment Computes and othe electonic equipment Office and pofessional equipment Othe poducts Total, all tade goups Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

23 Objective, uses and uses Objectives The Monthly Wholesale Tade Suvey (MWTS) povides infomation on the pefomance of the wholesale tade secto and is an impotant indicato of the health of the Canadian economy. In addition, the business community uses the data to analyse maket pefomance. Uses The estimates povide a measue of the health and pefomance of the wholesale tade secto. Infomation collected is used to estimate level and monthly tend fo wholesale sales and inventoies. At the end of each yea, the estimates povide a peliminay look at annual wholesale sales and pefomance. Uses A vaiety of oganizations, secto associations, and levels of govenment make use of the infomation. Wholesales can use the suvey esults to compae thei pefomance against simila types of businesses, as well as fo maketing puposes. Wholesale associations ae able to monito industy pefomance and pomote thei wholesale industies. Investos can monito industy gowth, which can esult in bette access to investment capital by wholesales. Govenments ae able to undestand the ole of wholesales in the economy, which aid in the development of policies and tax incentives. As an impotant industy in the Canadian economy (5-6% of the Goss Domestic Poduct, depending on the yea), govenments ae able to bette detemine the oveall health of the economy though the use of the estimates in the calculation of the nation s Goss Domestic Poduct (GDP). Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 21

24 Concepts, vaiables and classifications Concepts Wholesale tade is geneally the intemediate step in the distibution of mechandise. The secto compises establishments pimaily engaged in the buying and selling of mechandise and poviding logistics, maketing and suppot sevices. Wholesales ae oganized to sell mechandise in lage quantities to etailes, business and institutional clients. Howeve, some wholesales, in paticula those that supply non-consume capital goods, sell mechandise in single units to final uses. The secto ecognizes two main types of wholesales: wholesale mechants and wholesale agents and bokes. Wholesale mechants buy and sell mechandise on thei own account, that is, they take title to the goods they sell. They geneally opeate fom waehouse o office locations and they may ship fom thei own inventoy o aange fo the shipment of goods diectly fom the supplie to the client. In addition to the sales of goods, they may povide, o aange fo the povision of, logistics, maketing and suppot sevices, such as packaging and labelling, inventoy management, shipping, handling of waanty claims, in-stoe o co-op pomotions, and poduct taining. Deales of machiney and equipment, such as deales of fam machiney and heavy-duty tucks, also fall within this categoy. They ae known by a vaiety of tade designation depending on thei elationship with supplies o customes, o the distibution method they employ. Examples include wholesale mechant, wholesale distibuto, dop shippe, ack-jobbes, impot-expot mechants, buying goups, deale-owned coopeatives and banne wholesales. Fo puposes of industial classification, wholesale mechants ae classified by industy accoding to the pincipal lines of commodities sold. A desciption of each tade goup included in the accompanying statistical data is shown in Appendix I. As most businesses sell seveal kinds of commodities, the classification assigned to a business geneally eflects eithe the individual commodity o the commodity goup which is the pimay souce of the establishment s eceipts, o some mixtue of commodities which chaacteizes the establishment s business. Wholesale Agents and Bokes buy and sell mechandise owned by othes on a fee o commission basis. They do not take title to the goods they buy o sell, and they geneally opeate at o fom an office location. Wholesale agents and bokes ae known by a vaiety of tade designations including impot-expot agents, wholesale commission agents, wholesale bokes, and manufactue s epesentatives ad agents. Vaiables Sales Defined as the sales of all goods puchased fo esale, net of etuns and discounts. This includes pats used in geneating epai and maintenance evenue, labou evenue fom epai and maintenance, sales of goods manufactued as a seconday activity by the wholesale, and evenue fom ental and leasing of office space, othe eal estate, and goods and equipment. As well, any commission evenue and fees eaned fom buying and selling mechandise on account of othes by wholesale mechants is also included. Othe opeating evenue such as opeating subsidies and gants, shipping, handling, and stoing goods fo othes ae excluded. 22 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

25 Wholesale Tade August Inventoies ae defined as the book value,.i.e., the value maintained in the accounting ecods, of all stock owned at month end and intended fo esale. This includes stock in selling outlets, in waehouses, in tansit, o on consignment to othes. It also includes stock owned within and outside Canada. Inventoies held on consignment fom othes (not owned), and stoe and office supplies and any othe supplies not to be sold ae excluded. Tading Location is the physical location(s) in which business activity is conducted in each povince and teitoy, and fo which sales ae cedited o ecognized in the financial ecods of the company. Fo wholesales, this would nomally be a distibution cente. Cuent Pice efes to the pices pevailing duing the peiod being efeed to. Constant Pice is the valuation expessed at the pices pevailing duing a fixed efeence o base peiod. Classifications The Monthly Wholesale Tade Suvey is based on the definition of wholesale tade unde the NAICS (Noth Ameican Industial Classification System). NAICS is the ageed upon common famewok fo the poduction of compaable statistics by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. The ageement defines the boundaies of twenty sectos. NAICS is based on a poduction-oiented, o supply based conceptual famewok in that establishments ae goups into industies accoding to similaity in poduction pocesses used to poduce goods and sevices. Estimates appea fo 15 majo tade goups based on special aggegations of the 2002 Noth Ameican Industial Classification System (NAICS) industies. The 15 tade goups ae futhe aggegated to 7 tade goup sectos which coespond exactly to the 3-digit NAICS codes fo wholesale tade industies, with the exception of the following: wholesale agents and bokes; and petoleum and oilseed and gain wholesale-distibutos. Geogaphically, sales estimates ae poduced fo Canada and each povince and teitoy. Inventoy estimates ae poduced only fo Canada as a whole. Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 23

26 Coveage and fames Statistics Canada s Business Registe (BR) povides the fame fo the Monthly Wholesale Tade Suvey. The BR is a stuctued list of businesses engaged in the poduction of goods and sevices in Canada. It is a centally maintained database containing detailed desciptions of most business entities opeating within Canada. The BR includes all incopoated businesses, with o without employees. Fo unincopoated businesses, the BR includes all employe businesses, and businesses with no employees with annual sales geate than $30,000 that have a Goods and Sevices Tax (GST) account (the BR does not include unincopoated businesses with no employees and with annual sales less than $30,000). The businesses on the BR ae epesented by a hieachical stuctue with fou levels, with the statistical entepise at the top, followed by the statistical company, the statistical establishment and the statistical location. An entepise can be linked to one o moe statistical companies, a statistical company can be linked to one o moe statistical establishments, and a statistical establishment to one o moe statistical locations. The taget population fo the MWTS consists of all statistical establishments on the BR that ae classified to the wholesale secto using the Noth Ameican Industy Classification System (NAICS) (appoximately 110,000 establishments). The NAICS code ange fo wholesale secto is to A statistical establishment is the poduction entity o the smallest gouping of poduction entities which: poduces a homogeneous set of goods o sevices; does not coss povincial/teitoial boundaies; and povides data on the value of output togethe with the cost of pincipal intemediate inputs used along with the cost and quantity of labou used to poduce the output. The poduction entity is the physical unit whee the business opeations ae caied out. It must have a civic addess and dedicated labou. The exclusions to the taget population ae ancillay establishments (poduces of sevices in suppot of the activity of poducing goods and sevices fo the maket of moe than one establishment within the entepise, and seves as a cost cente o a discetionay expense cente fo which data on all its costs including labou and depeciation can be epoted by the business), futue establishments, establishments with a zeo goss business income (GBI) value on the BR and establishments in the following non-coveed NAICS: (oilseed and gain) 412 (petoleum poducts) 419 (agents and bokes) 24 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

27 Sampling The MWTS sample consists of 8,000 goups of establishments (clustes) classified to the Wholesale Tade secto selected fom the Statistics Canada Business Registe. A cluste of establishments is defined as all establishments belonging to a statistical entepise that ae in the same industial goup and geogaphical egion. The MWTS uses a statified design with simple andom sample selection in each statum. The statification is done by tade goup goups using the NAICS-fou digit level, and the geogaphical egions consisting of the povinces and teitoies. We futhe statify the population by size. The size measue is ceated using a combination of independent suvey data and thee administative vaiables: the GBI, the GST sales, and the T2-evenue (fom copoation tax etun). The size stata consist of one take-all (census), at most two take-some (patially sampled) stata, and one take-none (none sampled) statum. Take-none stata seve to educe espondent buden by excluding the smalle businesses fom the suveyed population. These businesses should epesent at most five pecent of total sales. Instead of sending questionnaies to these businesses, the estimates ae poduced though the use of administative data. The sample was allocated optimally in ode to each taget coefficients of vaiation at the national, povincial/teitoial, industial, and tade goup by povince/teitoy levels. The sample was also inflated to compensate fo dead, non-esponding, and misclassified units. MWTS is a epeated suvey with maximization of monthly sample ovelap. The sample is kept month afte month and evey month biths ae added to the sample and dead units ae identified. MWTS biths, i.e., new clustes of establishment(s), ae identified evey month via the BR s latest univese. They ae statified accoding to the same citeia as the initial population. A sample of these biths is selected accoding to the sampling faction of the statum to which they belong and is added to the monthly sample. Deaths also occu on a monthly basis. A death can be a cluste of establishment(s) that have ceased thei activities (out-of-business) o whose majo activities ae no longe in wholesale tade (out-of-scope). The status of these businesses is updated on the BR using administative souces and suvey feedback, including feedback fom the MWTS. Methods to teat dead units and misclassified units ae pat of the sample and population update pocedues. Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 25

28 Questionnaie design The questionnaie collects monthly data on wholesale sales and the numbe of tading locations by povince o teitoy and inventoies of goods owned and intended fo esale fom a sample of wholesales. Fo the 2004 edesign, most questionnaies wee subject to cosmetic changes only, with the exception of the inclusion of Nunavut. The modifications wee discussed with stakeholdes and the espondents wee given an oppotunity to comment befoe the new questionnaie was finalized. If futhe changes ae needed to any of the questionnaies, poposed changes would go though a eview committee, and a field test with espondents and data uses to ensue its elevancy. 26 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

29 Response and non-esponse Response and non-esponse Despite the best effots of suvey manages and opeations staff to maximize esponse in the MWTS, some non-esponse will occu. Fo statistical establishments to be classified as esponding, the degee of patial esponse (whee an accuate esponse is obtained fo only some of the questions asked a espondent) must meet a minimum theshold level below which the esponse would be ejected and consideed a unit non-esponse. In such an instance, the business is classified as not having esponded at all. Non-esponse has two effects on data: fist it intoduces bias in estimates when non-espondents diffe fom espondents in the chaacteistics measued; and second, it contibutes to an incease in the sampling vaiance of estimates because the effective sample size is educed fom that oiginally sought. The degee to which effots ae made to get a esponse fom a non-espondent is based on budget and time constaints, its impact on the oveall quality and the isk of non-esponse bias. The main method to educe the impact of non-esponse at sampling is to inflate the sample size though the use of ove-sampling ates that have been detemined fom simila suveys. Besides the methods to educe the impact of non-esponse at sampling and collection, the non-esponses to the suvey that do occu ae teated though imputation. In ode to measue the amount of nonesponse that occus each month vaious esponse ates ae calculated. Fo a given efeence month, the estimation pocess is un at least twice (a peliminay and a evised un). Between each un, espondent data can be identified as unusable and imputed values can be coected though espondent data. As a consequence, esponse ates ae computed following each un of the estimation pocess. Fo the MWTS, two types of ates ae calculated (unweighted and weighted). In ode to assess the efficiency of the collection pocess, unweighted esponse ates ae calculated. Weighted ates, using the estimation weight and the value fo the vaiable of inteest, assess the quality of estimation. Within each of these types of ates, thee ae distinct ates fo units that ae suveyed and fo units that ae only modeled fom administative data that has been extacted fom GST files. To get a bette pictue of the success of the collection pocess, two unweighted ates called the collection esults ate and the extaction esults ate ae computed. They ae computed by dividing the numbe of espondents by the numbe of units that we tied to contact o tied to eceive extacted data fo them. Non-monthly epotes (espondents with special epoting aangements whee they do not epot evey month but fo whom actual data is available in subsequent evisions) ae excluded fom both the numeato and denominato fo the months whee no contact is pefomed. In summay, the vaious esponse ates ae calculated as follows: Weighted ates: Suvey Response ate (estimation) = Sum of weighted sales of units with esponse status i Sum of suvey weighted sales whee i = units that have eithe epoted data that will be used in estimation o ae conveted efusals, o have epoted data that has not yet been esolved fo estimation. Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 27

30 Wholesale Tade August Admin Response ate (estimation) = Sum of weighted sales of units with esponse status ii Sum of administative weighted sales whee ii = units that have data that was extacted fom administative files and ae usable fo estimation. Total Response ate (estimation) = Sum of weighted sales of units with esponse status i o esponse status ii Sum of all weighted sales Unweighted ates: Suvey Response ate (collection) = Numbe of questionnaies with esponse status iii Numbe of questionnaies with esponse status iv whee iii = units that have eithe epoted data (unesolved, used o not used fo estimation) o ae conveted efusals. whee iv = all of the above plus units that have efused to espond, units that wee not contacted and othe types of nonespondent units. Admin Response ate (extaction) = Numbe of questionnaies with esponse status vi Numbe of questionnaies with esponse status vii whee vi = in-scope units that have data (eithe usable o non-usable) that was extacted fom administative files whee vii = all of the above plus units that have efused to epot to the adminstative data souce, units that wee not contacted and othe types of nonespondent units. (% of questionnaie collected ove all in-scope questionnaies) Collection Results Rate = Numbe of questionnaies with esponse status iii Numbe of questionnaies with esponse status viii whee iii =sameasiii defined above whee viii =sameasiv except fo the exclusion of units that wee contacted because thei esponse is unavailable fo a paticula month since they ae non-monthly epotes. Extaction Results Rate = Numbe of questionnaies with esponse status ix Numbe of questionnaies with esponse status vii whee ix =sameasvi with the addition of extacted units that have been imputed o wee out of scope whee vii =sameasvii defined above (% of questionnaies collected ove all questionnaie in-scope we tied to collect) All the above weighted and unweighted ates ae povided at the tade goup, geogaphy and size goup level o fo any combination of these levels. 28 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

31 Wholesale Tade August Use of Administative Data Managing esponse buden is an ongoing challenge fo Statistics Canada. In an attempt to alleviate esponse buden and suvey costs, especially fo smalle businesses, Statistics Canada has been investigating vaious altenatives to suvey taking. Administative data files ae a ich souce of infomation fo business data and Statistics Canada is woking at binging this ich data souce to its full potential. As such, effective the Octobe 2005 efeence month, the MWTS has educed the numbe of simple establishments in the sample that ae suveyed diectly and instead deives sales data fo these establishments fom Goods and Sevice Tax (GST) files using a statistical model. The model accounts fo diffeences between sales and evenue (epoted fo GST puposes) as well as fo the time lag between the suvey efeence peiod and the efeence peiod of the GST file. Inventoies fo establishments whee sales ae GST-based ae deived using the MWTS imputation system. The imputation system applies to the pevious month values, the month-to-month and yea-to-yea changes in simila establishments which ae suveyed. Fo moe infomation on the methodology used fo modeling sales fom administative data souces, efe to Monthly Wholesale Suvey: Use of Administative Data unde Documentation of the IMDB. Methods used to educe non-esponse at collection Significant effot is spent tying to minimize non-esponse duing collection. Methods used, among othes, ae inteviewe techniques such as pobing and pesuasion, epeated e-scheduling and call-backs to obtain the infomation, and pocedues dealing with how to handle non-compliant (efusal) espondents. If data ae unavailable at the time of collection, a espondent s best estimates ae also accepted, and ae subsequently evised once the actual data become available. To minimize total non-esponse fo all vaiables, patial esponses ae accepted. In addition, questionnaies ae customized fo the collection of cetain vaiables, such as inventoy, so that collection is timed fo those months when the data ae available. Finally, to build tust and appot between the inteviewes and espondents, cases ae geneally assigned to the same inteviewe each month. This action establishes a pesonal elationship between inteviewe and espondent, and builds espondent tust. Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 29

32 Data collection and captue opeations Collection of the data is pefomed by Statistics Canada s Regional Offices. Respondents ae sent a questionnaie o ae contacted by telephone to obtain thei sales and inventoy values, as well as to confim the opening o closing of business tading locations. Thee is also follow-up of non-esponse. Collection of the data begins appoximately 7 woking days afte the end of the efeence month and continues fo the duation of that month. New entants to the suvey ae intoduced to the suvey via an intoductoy lette that infoms the espondent that a epesentative of Statistics Canada will be calling. This call is to intoduce the espondent to the suvey, confim the espondent s business activity, establish and begin data collection, as well as to answe any questions that the espondent may have. 30 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X

33 Editing Data editing is the application of checks to detect missing, invalid o inconsistent enties o to point to data ecods that ae potentially in eo. In the suvey pocess fo the MWTS, data editing is done at two diffeent time peiods. Fist of all, editing is done duing data collection. Once data ae collected via the telephone, o via the eceipt of completed mail-in questionnaies, the data ae captued using customized data captue applications. All data ae subjected to data editing. Edits duing data collection ae efeed to as field edits and geneally consist of validity and some simple consistency edits. They ae also used to detect mistakes made duing the inteview by the espondent o the inteviewe and to identify missing infomation duing collection in ode to educe the need fo follow-up late on. Anothe pupose of the field edits is to clean up esponses. In the MWTS, the cuent month s esponses ae edited against the espondent s pevious month s esponses and/o the pevious yea s esponses fo the cuent month. Field edits ae used to identify poblems with data collection pocedues and the design of the questionnaie, as well as the need fo moe inteviewe taining. Follow-up with espondents occus to validate potential eoneous data following any failed peliminay edit check of the data. Once validated, the collected data is egulaly tansmitted to the head office in Ottawa. Secondly, editing known as statistical editing is also done afte data collection and this is moe empiical in natue. Statistical editing is un pio to imputation in ode to identify the data that will be used as a basis to impute non-espondents. Lage outlies that could disupt a monthly tend ae excluded fom tend calculations by the statistical edits. It should be noted that adjustments ae not made at this stage to coect the epoted outlies. The fist step in the statistical editing is to identify which esponses will be subjected to the statistical edit ules. Repoted data fo the cuent efeence month will go though vaious edit checks. The fist set of edit checks is based on the Hidioglou-Bethelot method wheeby a atio of the espondent s cuent month data ove histoical (i.e. last month, o same month last yea) o administative (i.e. GST sales o GBI) data is analyzed. When the espondent s atio diffes significantly fom atios of espondents who ae simila in tems of tade goup and/o geogaphy goup, the esponse is deemed an outlie. The second set of edits consists of an edit known as the shae of maket edit. With this method, one is able to edit all espondents even those whee histoical and auxiliay data is unavailable. The method elies on cuent month data only. Theefoe, within a goup of espondents that ae simila in tems of tade goup and/o geogaphy, if the weighted contibution of a espondent to the goup s total is too lage, it will be flagged as an outlie. Fo edit checks based on the Hidioglou-Bethelot method, data that ae flagged as an outlie will not be included in the imputation models (those based on atios). Also, data that ae flagged as outlies in the shae of maket edit will not be included in the imputation models whee means and medians ae calculated to impute fo esponses that have no histoical esponses. In conjunction with the statistical editing afte data collection of epoted data, thee is also eo detection done on the extacted GST data. Modeled data based on the GST ae also subject to an extensive seies of pocessing steps which thooughly veify each ecod that is the basis fo the model as well as the ecod being modeled. Edits ae pefomed at a moe aggegate level (industy by geogaphy level) to detect ecods which deviate fom the expected ange, eithe by exhibiting lage month-to-month change, o diffeing significantly fom the emaining units. All data which fail these edits ae subject to manual inspection and possible coective action. Statistics Canada Catalogue no X 31

34 Imputation Imputation in the MWTS is the pocess used to assign eplacement values fo missing data. This is done by assigning values when they ae missing on the ecod being edited to ensue that estimates ae of high quality and that a plausible, intenal consistency is ceated. Due to concens of esponse buden, cost and timeliness, it is geneally impossible to do all follow-ups with the espondents in ode to esolve missing esponses. Since it is desiable to poduce a complete and consistent mico data file, imputation is used to handle the emaining missing cases. In the MWTS, imputation fo missing values can be based on eithe histoical o administative data. The appopiate method is selected accoding to a stategy that is based on whethe histoical data is available, administative data is available and/o which efeence month is being pocessed. Thee ae thee types of histoical imputation methods. The fist type is a geneal tend that uses one histoical data souce (pevious month, data fom next month o data fom same month pevious yea). The second type is a egession model whee data fom pevious month and same month pevious yea ae used simultaneously. The thid type uses the histoical data as a diect eplacement value fo a non-espondent. Depending upon the paticula efeence month, thee is an ode of pefeence that exists so that a top quality imputation can esult. The histoical imputation method that was labelled as the thid type above is always the last option in the ode fo each efeence month. The imputation methods using administative data ae automatically selected when histoical infomation is unavailable fo a non-espondent. The administative data souce (annual GST sales) is the basis of these methods. The annual GST sales ae used fo two types of methods. One is a geneal tend that will be used fo simple stuctue, e.g. entepises with only one establishment, and a second type is called median-aveage that is used fo units with a moe complex stuctue. Finally, it should be noted that inventoies in the MWTS ae also imputed fom all ecods fo which sales ae deived fom monthly GST data. The imputed values ae calculated automatically fo inventoies using the same imputation methods that ae in place fo missing data fom non-espondents. 32 Statistics Canada Catalogue no X