Project Process Modelling. Purpose / Characteristics Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN)

Transcription

1 Project Process Modelling Purpose / Characteristics Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN)

2 Project Process Modelling Want processes to be Planned / Tailored to context / Adjusted based on experience Process model defines how to reach a specific goal WHO is doing WHAT, WHEN, and HOW? Characteristics of a good process model Guidelines for efficient development of quality software Reduce risk and increase predictability Promotes common vision and culture

3 Attributes of a project process model Activities of the process Order and scope Pre- and post-conditions Performed one or several times? Roles involved Artefacts / Deliverables Models / Documents / Source code / etc. Methods / Practices / Tools involved in the process

4 Purpose of (descriptive) process modelling Understand the process Communicate aspects about the process Support management Guide the work effort Identify typical deviations from the prescribed process models Improve software development activities Support measurement and evaluation Support automatic process enactment / decision-making

5 BPMN - Background Standard Simplicity and Expression Not owned by any enterprise Standard for OMG (Object Management Group) Current version: BPMN 2.0 Simple notation Graphical representation Precise descriptions Based on flowcharting References The following examples are taken from: Great resource: Check this site out for more on BPMN-modelling

6 Events and Tasks: Example I acquire groceries prepare meal eat meal hunger noticed meal prepared hunger satisfied What is happening in the above diagram? What information can we derive from the flowchart? Events Tasks Order of occurrence

7 Start Event acquire groceries prepare meal eat meal hunger noticed meal prepared hunger satisfied Shows which event causes the process to start The triggering event Representation Outlined circle

8 Tasks acquire groceries prepare meal eat meal hunger noticed meal prepared hunger satisfied The heart of the process Something that should happen to produce a desirable outcome May contain sub-processes Representation Rounded rectangle

9 Tasks acquire groceries prepare meal eat meal hunger noticed meal prepared hunger satisfied Naming conventions Adhere to object-oriented design principles [verb] + [object] pattern [acquire] + [groceries] [prepare] + [meal] [take care of shopping] [start the cooking process]

10 Intermediate events acquire groceries prepare meal eat meal hunger noticed meal prepared hunger satisfied Represent a significant status reached in the proces Used somewhat infrequently Mostly useful for communicating milestones Representation Double-outlined circle

11 End events acquire groceries prepare meal eat meal hunger noticed meal prepared hunger satisfied Status reached at the end of a process path Marks the process as completed Representation Thickly outlined circle

12 Basic Events in BPMN START The triggering event for the process INTERMEDIATE Something that happens between start and end END Result of a process

13 Additional Events in BPMN

14 Pools, Swimlanes, and Gateways: Example II Hardware Retailer Clerk Logistics Manager Goods to ship Decide if normal post or special shipment Normal post Mode of delivery Special carrier Check if extra insurance is necessary extra insurance required Request quotes from carrier always Take out extra insurance Fill in post label Assign carrier and prepare Paperwork Insurance included in carrier services. Warehouse Worker Package goods Move package to picking area Goods available

15 Pools, Swimlanes, and Gateways: Example II What does the diagram tell us? What are the tasks in the process? Who is involved in the process?

16 Pools, Swimlanes, and Gateways: Example II What does the diagram tell us? What are the tasks in the process? Who is involved in the process? Diagram shows Preparing steps a hardware retailer has to fulfill before shipping Sequence of events Roles and responsibilities Business rules

17 Pools and Swimlanes Hardware Retailer Clerk Logistics Manager Goods to ship Decide if normal post or special shipment Normal post Mode of delivery Special carrier Check if extra insurance is necessary extra insurance required Request quotes from carrier always Take out extra insurance Fill in post label Assign carrier and prepare Paperwork Insurance included in carrier services. Warehouse Worker Package goods Move package to picking area Goods available

18 Pools and Swimlanes Sub_1 Participant Sub_1 Sub_1 Pools Partitions in a business process Specific entity (department) / Role Swimlanes Sub-partitions of pools E.g. Pool: Hardware Retailer Lanes: Warehouse worker, Clerk, Logistics manager

19 Gateways Hardware Retailer Clerk Logistics Manager Gods to ship Decide if normal post or special shipment Normal post Mode of delivery Special carrier Check if extra insurance is necessary extra insurance required Request quotes from carrier always Take out extra insurance Fill in post label Assign carrier and prepare Paperwork Insurance included in carrier services. Warehouse Worker Package goods Move package to picking area Goods available

20 Parallel Gateway Decide if normal post or special shipment Package goods Splits sequence flow Outgoing branches are activated simultaneously Upon merging Wait for all incoming branches to complete From example Clerk decides normal or special shipment Warehouse worker can already start packaging the goods

21 Exclusive Gateway Normal post Check if extra insurance is necessary Special shipment Request quotes from carriers Routes sequence flow Choose exactly one of the outgoing branches Upon merging Wait for one incoming branch to complete From example If special shipment, Clerk requests quotes from different carriers If normal post, Clerk needs to check if extra insurance is necessary

22 Inclusive Gateway extra insurance required Take out extra insurance always Fill in post label Splits sequence flow One or more branches are activated Upon merging All active incoming branches must complete From example If extra insurance required, Logistics manager must take out extra insurance Regardless, Clerk must always fill in a postal label for the shipment

23 The Whole Picture Hardware Retailer Clerk Logistics Manager Goods to ship Decide if normal post or special shipment Normal post Mode of delivery Special carrier Check if extra insurance is necessary extra insurance required Request quotes from carrier always Take out extra insurance Fill in post label Assign carrier and prepare Paperwork Insurance included in carrier services. Wait for activated tasks Warehouse Worker Package goods Synchronise parallel gateways Move package to picking area Goods available

24 Exercises Study the BPMN-poster available on the course webpages: Activity types Event types Gateways Pools and Swimlanes Data and message flow Choreographies Create a process model for case in the weekly task

25 Closing Remarks These slides are based on: Lecture slides by Dag Sjøberg and Yngve Lindsjørn Larman, C. and Vodde, B. (2009). Scaling Lean & Agile Development: Thinking Organisational Tools for Large-Scale Scrum. Addison-Wesley. Online BPMN-modelling tutorial: