Design of Baggage Handling Systems Overview

Transcription

1 Design of Baggage Handling Systems Overview

2 Presentation Overview 1. Considerations when designing a Baggage Handling System (BHS) 2. Departure Systems 3. Arrivals Systems 4. Specifying a System 5. Typical Project Timeframes and Team 6. Lifetime, Maintenance and through life costs 7. BHS Controls 8. Case Studies

3 1 Considerations when designing a Baggage Handling System (BHS)?

4 Why have a Baggage Handling System (BHS) Why have a baggage handling system? 2 (Two) simple reasons 1. On Passenger departure To take bags from passengers at check in, comply with security regulations and transfer all bags to the correct Aircraft in a quick and efficient manner. 2. On Passenger Arrival To quickly reunite the passenger with all their bags

5 So what size of BHS does an Airport need? The size and type of Baggage handling system is determined by the following: A. The Passenger numbers (existing and future) B. Frequency and nature of Flights C. The type of Terminal i.e. Domestic and / or International. D. Security requirements domestic and International. E. The project type i.e. A new or expanded or redeveloped Airport

6 A. Passenger Numbers and Bag Size Key to determining the BHS size is. The peak number of passengers now and in the future. The nature and type of travel The anticipated number of bags per passenger. Typical size of bags (Standard Gauge bag)

7 Airport Size Definition BHS Terminal / Airport Size broad definition Small less than 2million passengers per annum Medium between 2 to 15 million passengers per annum Large Greater than 15 million passengers per annum

8 Bag Sizes As defined in IATA Airport development reference manual (9 th edition) Standard Gauge baggage Length mm Width mm Height mm Mass kg Oversize Baggage (OB) Length mm Width mm Height mm Mass kg

9 B. Number and types of Flights Domestic Flights Generally smaller planes Higher frequency Shorter check In times required Less tolerance for delays both at check in and arrivals Generally less checked in baggage International Flights Larger Planes Less frequent Check in process starts earlier Greater number and generally larger checked in bags

10 C. Type of Terminal Domestic Terminals Tend to be simpler in design and concept Require less dwell time for passengers Less retail space The passenger has less tolerance for waiting. Generally less security requirements International Terminals Tend to have more complex in design and concept By nature international travel requires more time for passenger check in and processing. More retail space and complicated terminal facilities The passenger has more tolerance for waiting. More security requirements

11 D. Security Requirements Baggage Security needs to consider the following: Terror protection, contraband prevention, general security and law enforcement Local Laws and security National Laws and Regulations International laws The laws applicable to the final destination of the flight

12 E. The Project Type There are different considerations depending on the type of BHS project. New Terminal (Green Field) Opportunity to start design on a clean sheet of paper Opportunity to use the best and latest BHS technologies. Opportunity to save money through less staff and labour Opportunity to change work processes and become more efficient Easier Installation and commissioning of the BHS Existing Terminal (Brown Field) Normally a requirement to use or modify either existing baggage system. Opportunity to improve the existing BHS With good design there is the opportunity to save costs More difficult Installation and commissioning of the BHS

13 2. Departure Systems

14 Process Overview Check in Security Screening Sortation Flight Make-up

15 Model System View in 3D with Deep View Free at

16 Model System

17 The Bag Departure Process Typical Bag Departure Process The steps. Step 1 Passenger Check In Bags Weighed Bags Tagged Step 2 Bags Transported Step 2A Bags Tracked Step 3 Bags Security Screened Step 4 Bags transported and Sorted to Flights

18 Departure Systems Step 1 Passenger Check In.

19 Departure Systems: Styles of Check In. Inline Style. Simple and Typical for most airports Economic use of space for small to medium size airports. Most commercially economic Picture Here

20 Departure Systems: Styles of Check In. Island Style Generally used in large Airports for high passenger numbers More expensive but is used to stop a terminal elongating. Requires a large check In hall space

21 Passenger Check In Conveyors Types of Check In Conveyors Static Scale. Picture Here Cost Space Labour Ergonomics Terminal Suitability Low Low High Bad Small

22 Passenger Check In Conveyors Single Check In Conveyor Picture Cost Space Labour Ergonomics Terminal Suitability Medium Low Low Good Small to Medium

23 Passenger Check In Conveyors Double Check In Conveyor Picture Cost Space Labour Ergonomics Terminal Suitability Medium Medium Low Good Medium to Large

24 Passenger Check In Conveyors Triple Check In Conveyor Cost Space Labour Ergonomics Terminal Suitability High High Low Good Large to Hub

25 Passenger Check In Collector Conveyor

26 Check In: Architectural Interfaces Issues to consider in the check In area. There will be a need for Scale readouts on desks. Power to the scale. Control panels on desks (Stop/start switches etc.) Gap between desks Clearances between scales and desks

27 Check In: Architectural Interfaces

28 Check In: Architectural Interfaces

29 Departure System Step 2 Bags Transported

30 Baggage Transport From Check In to Airside Baggage handling providers should be able to provide the full range of baggage Handling transport conveyors. Key Criteria for Mechanical Equipment: Simple slider bed Construction Well Proven track record within the Airport Baggage environment Reliable Modular and Compatible across the range Able to be expanded and modified in the future Use Airport standard conveyor fire rated belting

31 Baggage Handling Equipment Industry Averages for Baggage conveyor throughput Check In conveyors rule of thumb 1 bag per check In per minute Typical Average conveyor line operate 1800 bags per hour (30 bags per minute) Maximum peak 3600 bags per hour (60 bags per minute)

32 General Transport: Architectural Interfaces

33 General Transport: Architectural Interfaces Key Considerations for BHS Maintenance access and space Walking Space adjacent to conveyors for un jamming bags. Head clearance Dolly Clearance Clearance from adjacent services Ceiling and Floor loads Building Structure for hanging platforms and conveyors

34 General Transport: Architectural Interfaces

35 General Transport: Architectural Interfaces

36 General Transport: Architectural Interfaces

37 General Transport: Architectural Interfaces

38 General Transport: Architectural Interfaces

39 Baggage Hall Architectural Interface

40 Departure System Step 2A Bag Tracking

41 Bag Tracking Why do we need bag Tracking? To ensure that security screened bags are in fact verifiably cleared So bags can be sorted to their destinations if automated sortation is used To Allow for Baggage reconciliation in the baggage make up process. Types of Bag Tracking. Simple Bar Code readers Very low cost and universally used 95% read rate Radio Frequency Identification RFID Claimed read rate 99.99% High cost per unit (5 cents each) Still waiting on industry standard

42 Bar Code Reader

43 Manual Encode Station When using Bar Code tags and read rate of 95% as 5% will not be read then.. It is necessary to allow for a manual Encode station or

44 Departure System Step 3 Baggage Security Screening

45 Baggage Security: Applicable Type. There are many types and National codes for baggage security screening. The applicable security practice for the Country, region or airport must be used. Some Examples

46 National Security Codes make up carousel make up carousel make up carousel Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 CT (#1) automatic machine decision CT (#2) automatic machine decision *ETD manual inspection *ETD : Explosive Trace Detection (Handheld)

47 National Security Codes make up carousel make up carousel make up carousel make up carousel make up carousel Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Multi-view automatic machine decision Multi-view operator decision CT automatic machine decision CT operator decision reconcile with passenger

48 National Security Codes make up carousel make up carousel make up carousel make up carousel make up carousel Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Multi-view automatic machine decision Multi-view Multi-view 1 st operator 2 nd operator decision decision *ETD manual inspection reconcile with passenger *ETD : Explosive Trace Detection (Handheld)

49 Explosive Detection Devices Exterior Geometry (excl maintenance area) Tunnel Geometry (mm) Max. Baggage Size Make Model Width (mm) Lengt h (mm) Height (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) Belt RL (mm) Width (mm) Lengt h (mm) Height (mm) Weight (kg) Security Screening Authority Acceptance L3 Communications examiner 3DX TSA certified L3 Communications MVT-HR 1, Optional Algorithm Turning - TSA centified L3 Communications VIS-108 GE InVision CTX 9000 Dsi GE InVision CTX 9400 Dsi 2,413 4,759 2,223 1, (1) 760 (2) 1,020 1,400 (1) 600 (2) 400 7,779 TSA certified GE InVision CTX 5500 DS Smith Heimann HI-SCAN EDtS Smith Heimann HI-SCAN EDX-2is Rapiscan Systems MVXR5000 1,650 4,344 2,003 1, , ,000 UK Department of Transport (DfT) Accepted Rapiscan Systems Rapiscan 528

50 Baggage Security Layouts Small System Single Line Manual Inspection.

51 Baggage Security Layouts Small System Single Line Manual Inspection.

52 Large Screening Matrix Drawing Required here

53 Baggage Security Matrix

54 Departure System Step 4 Bags Sorted to Flights

55 Baggage Hall Architectural Interface

56 Types of Sort Systems Types of Sort Systems is dependent on Terminal Size Number of bags to be sorted Number and frequency of flights So Types of Sortation 1. Small to medium Size Terminal Manual from the end of a conveyor or Carousel 2. Medium to Large Size Automatic sortation Pusher type sortation TiltTray Sorter

57 Manual Sort Examples End of Conveyor type

58 Manual Sort Examples Carousel Sortation

59 Belt/Pusher Sortation Picture Here Lower investment cost System redundancy potential Turning radius is relatively smaller Lower power consumption, economy mode Common spare parts with main BHS system Ease of system expansion or modification

60 Tilt Tray Sortation Expensive Single point of failure Difficult to expand and modify High energy consumptions

61 Automated Sort Destinations Laterals Picture

62 Automated Sort Destinations Carousels

63 Oversize Baggage It is necessary to allow for oversize baggage. Key points Conveyor is generally wider than standard mm The system should be as straight as possible and avoid curves if possible It will be necessary to allow for security screening

64 Transfer Baggage Can be handled in 2 ways. 1. Small Terminals Generally handle Transfer baggage manually 2. Larger Terminals Injected bags into the system prior to security screening after manually encoding Manually after security screening bags sent to a Transfer carousel. Sometimes a dedicated security area on the ground floor.

65 3 Arrivals System

66 Arrivals Systems Key Considerations when designing an Arrivals System Number of arriving passengers and size of Aircraft. Size of bags typical of destinations Peak Arrival Times Passenger congestion in the baggage reclaim Area Passenger flow in the baggage reclaim area Noise These factors will determine The type and size of Carousels The layout and configuration of the carousels within the reclaim area The carousel feed system

67 Arrivals Systems Typical Bag Arrival Process The steps. Step 1 Passenger Arrives on aircraft Step 2 Bags Transported from Aircraft to baggage hall Step 2a Bags Security Screened (option) Step 3 Bags placed on Arrivals conveyor or reclaim Carousel Step 4 Bags picked up by passenger

68 Arrival System Step 2a Arrival Baggage Security Screened Generally very simple. Generally manual processes Usually Labour Intensive So. Normally consists of an EDS machine sited near reclaim Carousel.

69 Arrival System Step 2a Arrival Baggage Security Screened

70 Baggage Reclaim Carousels Reclaim Carousels. Design considerations. Number of arriving passengers and size of Aircraft. Size of bags typical of destinations Peak Arrival Times Passenger congestion in the baggage reclaim Area Passenger flow in the baggage reclaim area Noise

71 Baggage Reclaim Carousels Typical Carousel Shapes

72 Baggage Reclaim Carousels

73 Baggage Reclaim Carousels

74 Arrival Systems Reclaim: Carousel Options Sloped Plate Type. (Inclined Dispenser) Suitable for remote feeds. Good for large bags Good for high density and large number of passengers Slightly more expensive than other options Can have a bigger footprint compared to other carousels

75 Arrival Systems Reclaim: Carousel Options Crescent Plate Type. Pallet Loop Robust construction. Not generally recommended for remote bag feed Good for small to medium size airports Slightly more economic than other options small footprint compared to Inclined Plate

76 Arrival Systems Reclaim: Carousel Options Overlapping Slat Type. Multipath Slightly Wider conveying width than pallet loop Not generally recommended for remote bag feed Good for small to medium size airports Slightly more economic than other options Small footprint compared to Inclined plate

77 Baggage Claim Devices vs. Aircraft Seat Capacity Direct Feed ft (m) Pallet Loop or Multipath Remote Feed ft (m) Incline Dispenser (Sloped plate) Aircraft Seating Capacity Claim length Exposure to Public Bag off Offloading length Total Length Claim length Incline Dispenser Exposure to Public Bag off loading length 1 or 2 feeds Claim length Pallet loop or Multipath Exposure to Public Bag Off loading length 1 or 2 feeds (62.5) 90 (27.4) 295 (90) 250 (76) 2 feeds 40 (12) 270 (82) 2 feeds 40 (12) (53.3) 80 (24.4) 255 (78) 210 (64) 2 feeds 40 (12) 235 (72) 2 feeds 40 (12) (39.6) 70 (21.3) 200 (61) 150 (46) 2 feeds 30 (9) 170 (52) 2 feeds 30 (9) (30.5) 50 (15.2) 150 (46) 120 (37) 1 feed 40 (12) 130 (40) 1 feed 40 (12) (24.4) 40 (12.2) 120 (37) 90 (27) 1 feed 40 (12) 100 (30.5) 1 feed 40 (12) (21.3) 35 (10.7) 105 (32) 75 (23) 1 feed 30 (9) 80 (24) 1 feed 30 (9) (15.2) 25 (7.6) 75 (23) 60 (18) 1 feed 30 (9) 65 (20) 1 feed 30 (9) Assumptions 85% load factor 75 to 35% Terminations Baggage ratio 1.3 per passenger 12.5 bags per minute per handler

78 4 Specifying a System

79 Specifying a system & BHS Vendors Q. When is the best time to get a Baggage Handling system supplier involved in a project? A. As soon as possible. Q. Performance based or product based solution? A. Generally a performance based solution is better however the disadvantage to the airport is it makes it difficult to compare apples with apples Q. Should all vendors be pre-qualified? A. Absolutely, all vendors should be able to demonstrate the completion of successful projects of similar size to your project.

80 Specifying a system & BHS Vendors Q. Should we engage a baggage Handling Consultant? A. This depends on the size of the project, small to medium size projects can be handled by a competent BHS provider Q. What about Larger projects? A. Again these can be designed by a experience BHS vendor but generally it is also best to engage a consultant as part of the design team. Q. Where can I find a BHS consultant? A. Sadly they a few and far between. The biggest gap in industry knowledge right now is in the area of security screening

81 Useful Reference Documents and Books

82 5 Typical Project Timeframes

83 Typical Project Times from Start to Finish Start. Finished. Defined as Initial concept design in a designed building Defined as handed over to the end user after commissioning Typical areas the BHS vendor does not have timeline control over Building design and iterations Finance for the project Staged Installation requirements

84 Typical Project Times from Start to Finish So some very broad examples of time frames For a simple reclaim loop or small check In area Start to finish time 6-8 months A small domestic terminal 1 to 2 million passengers per annum Start to finish time months. Medium size International Airport 5-10 million passengers per annum Start to finish time months Large International Airport 30 million plus passengers per annum Start to finish time months

85 6 Lifetime Maintenance and through life costs

86 BHS Lifetime Generally Accepted Lifetime of a BHS is 10 or 15 years Key to longevity, lower through life costs is: A Well designed layout in terms of conveyor/sub system duties Keeping BHS component suppliers to a minimum The use of variable frequency drives for stop/start conveyors The use of Economy mode type functions in large systems Well trained and Skilled Operational and Maintenance Staff Commonality of parts across the site A planned maintenance program

87 7 BHS Controls Control System Drive System Safety Systems PLCs Field Bus

88 Control Systems PLC based conveyor control: GlideControl Human Machine Interface: GlideView SCADA Flight Sortation & Allocation: GlideSort SAC Baggage Reconciliation: GlideScan BRS

89 3. Control Systems

90 Control System Elements What is a control system? What defines it? What does it do? Conveyor control Conveyor drive Operator control panels Bag Tracking HMI panels Safety Systems I/f to EDS systems I/f to GV, GS

91 GlideControl

92 Field Devices Photo Sensor (PE) Pulse Wheel (PX) Beacons/Sounders Push Buttons/Indicators

93 Conveyor Drive System Motors Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) Motor Isolator Thermal Overload Distributed or centralised

94 Safety Systems Guaranteed Safe Operation, Electrical control Safety Categories CAT 1 Minor Injury CAT 2 Minor injury CAT 3 Chance of serious injury CAT 4 Injury causing death Emergency Stop Zoning Independent Reset function

95 PLC Industrial Computer, Very reliable Compact Size Designed for modular operation Centre of the System

96 Bag Tracking Belt Tracking Bag Identification Conveyor A Tracking Model PLC On the Belt Tracking Conveyor B Tracking Model Rotary Encoder Rotary Encoder Head Conveyor A Tail Head Conveyor B Tail Photo Eye Photo Eye

97 Field Bus Systems DeviceNet ASi ProfiBus Ethernet I/O