40. MPA-Seminar. Updated management of spent fuel from the perspective of the German industry

Transcription

1 40. MPA-Seminar Updated management of spent fuel from the perspective of the German industry 6./7. October 2014 R. Hüggenberg, Dr. Th. Funke 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 1

2 Content 1. Introduction 2. Spent Fuel Management in Germany 3. Nuclear Casks for Spent Fuel 4. Nuclear Power Plants in Germany 5. Storage of Spent Fuel in Germany 6. Transport and Storage of Waste From Reprocessing 7. Conclusion 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 2

3 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 Updated management of spent fuel from the perspective of the German industry 1. INDRODUCTION 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 3

4 The Company GNS Gesellschaft für Nuklear-Service mbh A medium-sized company founded in 1974, based in Essen/Germany Gewissenhaft. Nachhaltig. Sicher. Main Task: Competence Centre for the German utilities for the management of spent fuel and nuclear waste from German power plants Worldwide operations: as one of the leading manufacturers of casks for spent fuel/haw (CASTOR, CONSTOR ) and MAW (MOSAIK ) for processing of every kind of radioactive waste, decommissioning and related engineering services 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 4

5 Role of GNS in Germany All German NPPs Spent Fuel and HLW from Reprocessing Packaging, Transport, Interim Storage, Treatment, Preparation for Final Disposal We take care of (i.e. Competence and Responsibility of GNS) Treatment, Packaging, Transport, Interim Storage, Preparation for Final Disposal Management of Operational and Decommissioning waste (LLW/ILW) Final Repository HLW (exploration phase) Responsibility for exploration, construction and operation: Federal Republic of Germany Final Repository Konrad LLW/ILW (construction phase) 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 5

6 Experience of GNS 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 6

7 Sites of GNS Group Gorleben Gorleben Ahaus Peine Duisburg Jülich Essen Mülheim Alzenau Abroad: Pilsen / CZ Maubeuge / F Bristol / UK Karlsruhe 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 7

8 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 Updated management of spent fuel from the perspective of the German industry 2. SPENT FUEL MANAGEMENT IN GERMANY 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 8

9 Disposal route in Germany Reprocessing Fuel Assemblies (FA) from NPP Sole disposal route up to the 1980/90s Since June 2005 any delivery of SFA to a reprocessing plant is prohibited Completion of the return of waste from reprocessing is expected in 2040 Storage until availability of final repository (site decision: 2031) Direct Disposal Sole disposal route since June 2005 Development began in 1970s Longterm storage by use of transport- and storage casks CASTOR Last cask loading with FA approx Storage until availability of final repository (site decision: 2031) Final repository for High Level Waste 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 9

10 Disposal of spent fuel in Germany Fuel Assembly Reprocessing Facility HLW-Canister Storage Facility Nuclear Power Plant Reprocessing of Fuel Assemblies until 2005 Return of Residues after Reprocessing Storage and Direct Disposal On-Site Storage Facility Fuel Assembly Final Repository 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 10

11 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 Updated management of spent fuel from the perspective of the German industry 3. NUCLEAR CASKS FOR SPENT FUEL 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 11

12 Protection Goals The main idea of the dual-purpose casks by GNS is that all the protection goals that have to be fulfilled during transport as well as for decades of dry interim storage are covered by the cask itself. Safe enclosure of the radioactive contents Shielding of radiation Dissipation of decay heat Guarantee of subcriticality Storage configuration 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 12

13 Protection Goals Safe enclosure of the radioactive contents Monolithic cask body (cast iron) Double barrier lid system (forged steel) Lid system permanently monitored for leak-tightness during interim storage Shielding of radiation Thick-walled cask body (about 40 cm) Polyethylene moderator rods and plates inside the cask wall and on both ends Storage configuration 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 13

14 Protection Goals Dissipation of decay heat Radial cooling fins machined into the cask wall enlargen the surface of the cask by about a factor of 3. Guarantee of subcriticality The design features of the cask and its components (lids, basket, impact limiters) guarantee undercriticality under standard as well as accident conditions. Storage configuration 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 14

15 CASTOR Casks used for Storage of FA CASTOR V/19 Dimensions: Cask Weight Loaded: Capacity: Max. Heat Load: H = 5860 mm, Ø = 2440 mm t max. 19 PWR F.A. 39 kw CASTOR V/52 Dimensions: Cask Weight Loaded: Capacity: Max. Heat Load: H = 5450 mm, Ø = 2440 mm t max. 52 BWR F.A. 40 kw 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 15

16 International Experience GNS has developed and manufactured a variety of casks for High Level Waste and Fuel Assemblies: More than 1250 casks already loaded and in interim storage Germany 1002 Lithuania (Ignalina) 118 Czech Republic (Dukovany, Temelin) 100 USA 35 Belgium 7 Switzerland 6 Bulgaria (Kozloduy) 6 South Africa 4 as of June MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 16

17 Consequences of the Phase-Out in Germany Now the top priority is to defuel the pools of the shutdown power stations by loading spent fuel into dual-purpose casks. For many years, the demand for GNS casks for spent fuel and HLW had been about units per year From 2011: Final demand for approx. 800 casks over 15 years in Germany (up to approx. 5 years cooling time of the fuel) GNS has increased production capacity from 50 to 80 casks/year and is able to serve the German as well its international customers demands. 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 17

18 CASTOR -Casks CASTOR HAW20/28CG CASTOR THTR/AVR CASTOR V/52 CASTOR 440/ MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 18

19 Additional Cask Projects CASTOR V/19 and V/52 (D) CASTOR 1000/19 (Temelin, CZ) CASTOR HAW28M (D/CH) CONSTOR RBMK1500 (Ignalina, LT) CASTOR 440/84 mvk (KWO) CONSTOR 440/84 (Kozloduy,BG) 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 19

20 Tests for Type B(U)-Packages Tests to demonstrate the resistance of the package under accident conditions of transport Mechanical Tests Thermal Test Hydrostatic Test 9 m-drop onto an unyielding foundation 1 m-drop onto a Pin of 150 mm Fire at 800 C for 30 minutes Water immersion test, 200 m depth, 1 hour 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 20

21 Cask Qualification Cask Free Drop Analysis Drop testing of full scale prototype casks and series of tests with half scaled prototype casks Demonstration to withstand accident conditions of transport and storage Compliance of the legal design requirements Data basis for verification of numerical methods CASTOR HAW28M half scale Prototype test serie 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 21

22 Cask Qualification Cask Free Drop Analysis Numerical simulation are necessary Cask development Material selection defining cask geometry Planning of drop tests for selection of worst case drop conditions (orientations, temperatures) for instrumentation of the test cask Verification after drop test using data base of the drop tests Application within the licensing process Transfer to full-size geometry Sensibility studies Material modifications Local stresses inside the components Fracture mechanic evaluation 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 22

23 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 Updated Management of spent fuel from the perspective of the German industry 4. NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 23

24 Nuclear power plants (NPP) in Germany Quelle: VGB PowerTech e.v. NPP Nuclear Power Plant NPP shut down directly after Fukushima event NPP shut down and dismantled NPP dismantling completed Research Center with waste conditioning facility Waste conditioning facility Centralized storage facility Final repository 1 Exploration finished due to political decision 2 Final disposal completed 3 Under construction Jülich Unterweser Mülheim- Kärlich Emsland Lingen Ahaus Brunsbüttel Stade Würgassen Hamm-Uentrop Duisburg Biblis Karlsruhe Neckarwestheim Brokdorf Gorleben Grohnde Kahl Asse Konrad Philippsburg Obrigheim Krümmel Morsleben Grafenrheinfeld Gundremmingen Mitterteich Greifswald Rheinsberg Isar Niederaichbach

25 Operational Lifetime of NPP s in Germany by Law Würgassen (E.ON) Stade (E.ON) Mühlheim-Kärlich (RWE) Obrigheim (EnBW) Biblis A (RWE) Bereits im Rückbau Biblis B (RWE) Neckarwestheim-1 (EnBW) Brunsbüttel (VENE) Isar-1 (E.ON) Unterweser (E.ON) Krümmel (VENE) Philippsburg-1 (EnBW) Grafenrheinfeld (E.ON) Gundremmingen B (RWE) Philippsburg-2 (EnBW) Gundremmingen C (RWE) Grohnde (E.ON) Brokdorf (E.ON) Isar-2 (E.ON) Emsland (RWE) Neckarwestheim-2 (EnBW)

26 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 Updated management of spent fuel from the perspective of the German industry 5. STORAGE FACILITIES 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 26

27 Interim Storage Facilities Pilot Conditioning Plant (PKA) LLW and ILW Spent Fuel and HLW Gorleben Site 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 27

28 Interim Storage Facilities Ahaus Site Spent Fuel, ILW/LLW (in the future: CSD-C) Ahaus Site 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 28

29 Experience in Germany: Casks Storage and Loading Ahaus Storage Facility 329 Gorleben Storage Facility 100 Jülich Research Center 152 Greifswald NPP 78 Biblis NPP 51 Neckarwestheim NPP 41 Gundremmingen NPP 41 Philippsburg NPP 36 Emsland NPP 32 Isar NPP 31 Brokdorf NPP 26 Grohnde NPP 22 Grafenrheinfeld NPP 21 Krümmel NPP Brunsbüttel NPP Unterweser NPP as of June casks in 16 Storage Facilities 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 29

30 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 Updated Management of spent fuel from the perspective of the German industry 6. TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF WASTE FROM REPROCESSING 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 30

31 Return of HLW after Reprocessing? 1st shipment of casks with from La Hague (F) to TBL-G : March 1997 Different cask types were used TS 28V, CASTOR HAW20/28CG, TN85, CASTOR HAW28M Last shipment of 11 casks in November casks with 28 HLW- canister/cask are currently stored at TBL-G Location for storage of waste from UK is open, due political discussion 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 31

32 CASTOR HAW28M Loading of 22 casks Dimensions: Cask Weight loaded: Loading: Max. Heat Load: H = 6120 mm, Ø = 2430 mm t max. 28 canisters with vitrified HLW 56 kw 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 32

33 Das Bild kann zurzeit nicht angezeigt werden. Management of Reprocessing Contracts Transport of CASTOR HLW-Casks from La Hague to Gorleben 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 33

34 Return of waste from reprocessing plants The reprocessed spent fuel (about 6,000 t HM) yields the following waste types and amounts: Reprocessing plant Spent fuel reprocessed Cask type Waste type Number of casks AREVA-NC 5,300 Mg TS 28V, CASTOR HAW20/28CG, TN85, CASTOR HAW28M CSD-V HLW 108 TGC 27 CSD-C 152 CSD-V CSD-B LLW vitrified ILW vitrified CASTOR HAW28M CSD-B ILW 5 CSD-C NDA 800 Mg CASTOR HAW28M HLW 21 Compacted hulls, endpieces 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 34

35 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 Updated management of spent fuel from the perspective of the German industry 7. CONCLUSION 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 35

36 Conclusion The reprocessing of spent fuel is technologically mature and well experienced but was prohibited by the German AtG. There are proved procedures for transport, intermediate storage and the conditioning of spent fuel. Sufficient capacity at the centralized and on-site storage facilities are existing for the HLW and FA for safe, interim storage. Based on a long-lasting experience cask designs are existing and licensed for transport and storage of HLW and FA The disposal of spent fuel is technologically already solved to a large extent. Due to political decision the way to a deep geological repository for heat-generating HLW will be restarted and is one of the mayor tasks to close the fuel management strategy in Germany. 40. MPA-Seminar 6./7. October 2014 / Hü - 36

37 Competence for Nuclear Services Thank you for your attention