Integrating Street Vendors in City Planning - Vadodara

Transcription

1 Integrating Street Vendors in City Planning - Vadodara Dissertation 2004 Shreya Dalwadi, School of Planning, CEPT Guided by: Prof.H.M.Shivanand Swamy Mr. B.R.Balachandran NASVI 1/40

2 Street Concepts A distinguished surface characterized by an extended area for public use. [Rykwert] Street Vendor A person who offers goods for sale to the public without having a permanent built up structure but with a temporary static structure or mobile stall. [Draft National Policy on Street Vendors] Streets have many functions, out of which connectivity is one. [Jacobs] 2/40

3 Existing situation Focus of study Ideal situation 3/40

4 SECTION I Order of Presentation Background, Aim, Objectives of study Methodology, Study design Case Studies, Lessons Classification of Vendors SECTION II Vadodara-profile Hawking and Non-Hawking Zone Scheme Vendors aggregate study Vendors detailed studies SECTION III Urban planning guidelines Regulation and monitoring mechanism Legislation 4/40

5 SECTION I Background Aim, Objectives of study Methodology, Study design Case Studies, Lessons Classification of Vendors 5/40

6 Existing situation Street management Parking Auto-rickshaws Slow vehicles Street vendors Need of study Street vendors serve as service area for pedestrians, bicyclists and bus users. [Tiwari] [Primary Survey] Typical Street Use in Indian cities [Proudlove and Turner 1990] 6/40

7 Need of study Population of urban street vendors 3.5% in cities [Field study] 6% in country [CSO] Decadal increase 1.75% [NSSO, CSO] Economic contribution Use resources but no contribution Average daily earning ranges from Rs [Ministry of Labour] to 110 Rs [Jhabvala] Social Importance Distribution network Specialized needs 7/40

8 Background Draft National Policy on Street Vendors Formulated by the Ministry of Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation, in May 2002; Planning norms spatial planning, natural markets; Regulatory processes - registration of street vendors, revenue; Monitoring mechanisms for street vending activity. Salient features Section 34 of Police Act amendment except in case of street vendors and service providers Designation of vending zones by participatory approach Rehabilitation within 30 days eviction Insurance, Social security, Training and Skill up-gradation for vendors 8/40

9 Research questions 1) How can street vending be established as a legitimate land use without disturbing the existing environment? 2) What should be done to take care of growth of street vendors? 3) Are existing policies conducive to integration of street vending activity with urban fabric? 9/40

10 Objectives of research Aim Evolving a comprehensive framework for integration of street vendors in city planning is the goal of the research. Objectives Urban Planning Guidelines Regulation & Monitoring mechanism Legal framework The subsequent research objectives are: 1) Developing of guiding principles for integration of street vendors with streets and land use; 2) Formulation of regulatory and monitoring mechanisms for street vending activity; 3) Review of existing policies, byelaws and development plan provisions; 10/40

11 Methodology Attempts of organizing street vendors City level survey Ward level survey Analysis at aggregate level Analysis at disaggregate level Inter-relationship of Vending, land use and streets Area Level Studies Guidelines for urban planning Regulatory and Monitoring Mechanism Feedback on Existing Legislation 11/40

12 ANKODIA SEVASI TO PADRA GOTRI GORWA GOTRI ROAD SAIYAD VASNA GORWA SUBHANPURA SAYAJIGUNJ (S) TANDALJA ATLADRA CHAPAD CHANASAD CHHANI NEW INDIA MILL ROAD KALALI TALSAT NIZAMPURA R. C. DUTT ROAD RIVER VISHWAMITRI JETALPUR AKOTA NARMADA CANAL SAYAJIGUNJ (N) VADSAR KHALIPUR BABAJIPURA TO MUMBAI MANEJA MANJALPUR G. I. D. C. SAMA RAOPURA V. I. P. ROAD MAKARPURA RIVER JAMBUVA TO MUMBAI HARNI N. H. NO. 8 FATEHPURA VARASIYA CITY DABHOI ROAD DANTESHWAR TARSALI KISHANWADI S. R. P. WAGHODIA ROAD MAHESH COMPLEX ROAD WADI DARJIPURA BAPOD RIVER JAMBUVA KAPURAI SIKANDARPURA ANAKHOL Study Design City level survey Number of vendors on major roads of the city Type of activity mostly carried out by vendors Duration of stay of vendors Location of vendors TO AHMEDABAD 10 TO GODHRA 6 TO AHMEDABAD OLD PADRA ROAD TO SAVLI 8 HARNI ROAD NATIONAL HIGHWAY NO. 8 2 RING ROAD (OUTER) MAHARSHI ARVIND MARG 1 RING ROAD (INNER) 9 TO GODHRA AJWA ROAD TO CHIKODARA 3 DARJIPURA ROAD NATIONAL HIGHWAY NO. 8 TO DABHOI TO AJWA TO VAGHODIYA No. of vendors as per road type for each density Ward level survey Probability of vendors on roads at unit length (Vendors/km length for different road widths) Relation between gross density and vendors Relation between road width and vendors Approximate number of vendors at city level Space requirements for each type of vending activity Area level studies Stay of customers -do- Business timings -do- Conflicts generated Surrounding land use and therefore favourable areas 12/40

13 Case Studies International 1) Bellagio International Declaration Policy level importance of vendors recognized for the first time; Urge to all countries licenses, laws, supporting services, social security; Credit, financial services to vendors and accommodation of vendors 2) Durban, South Africa Clarifies approach of government Pilot projects and lessons from them Monitoring and evaluation mechanism 3) Peru, South America 4) Oxford square 5) Paris streets 13/40

14 Case Studies Regional 1) Mansi Appartment, Satellite, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 2) Jivraj Park cross-roads, Vejalpur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat No. of vendors 150 Authority AUDA Typology Vegetable vendors No. of vendors 400 Authority Vejalpur Nagarpalika Typology Vegetable vendors Study components: Detailed process Stakeholders Conflict study Timing of operation Advantages and disadvantages of the process Regulation and Monitoring 14/40

15 Lessons Physical Accommodation Typology Ancillary facilities Waste Collection Nature of space allocated Hindrance to traffic Ownership/Lease Institutional mechanism Involvement of NGO Self-Regulation 15/40

16 SECTION II Vadodara-profile Hawking and Non-Hawking Zone Scheme Vendors aggregate study Vendors detailed studies 16/40

17 Vadodara - profile Land use - Area = 108 sq.km.; Map Population 13,22,643 Density 12,068 persons/sq.km. Regional Setting NH 8; Major Junction of Railways; Industries IPCL, IOC, GSFC, Gujarat Alkalis; 1970 GIDC, 1000 UNITS Administrative Setup 4 Zones, 10 Wards; Details Demographic Characteristics Growth Rate ( ) = 26.63%; Temporal Land Use 1993 (%) 2011 (%) Residential Commercial Industrial Roads Source: CDS, 2001 Literacy % Temporal Sex Ratio 909 Temporal Economy (1991) Primary sector 3.89 % Secondary sector % Tertiary sector % Temporal 17/40

18 TO MUMBAI Road Network Regional roads Inter-city roads Road pattern ANKODIA SEVASI GOTRI TO AHMEDABAD 10 GOTRI ROAD TO GODHRA GORWA GORWA SUBHANPURA CHHANI NARMADA CANAL TO AHMEDABAD 7 SAYAJIGUNJ (N) NIZAMPURA R. C. DUTT ROAD JETALPUR NEW INDIA MILL ROAD TO SAVLI SAMA 8 RAOPURA V. I. P. ROAD HARNI HARNI ROAD N. H. NO. 8 2 FATEHPURA RING ROAD (OUTER) MAHARSHI ARVIND MARG VARASIYA 1 CITY RING ROAD (INNER) 9 TO GODHRA KISHANWADI AJWA ROAD DARJIPURA ROAD DARJIPURA BAPOD SIKANDARPURA TO AJWA ANAKHOL TO VAGHODIYA WAGHODIA ROAD MAHESH COMPLEX ROAD Total Road length kms. SAIYAD VASNA 6 SAYAJIGUNJ (S) TANDALJA OLD PADRA ROAD AKOTA 5 BABAJIPURA MANJALPUR DABHOI ROAD DANTESHWAR 3 WADI NATIONAL HIGHWAY NO. 8 KAPURAI ATLADRA Surfaced roads 82% TO PADRA 4 G. I. D. C. S. R. P. TO DABHOI KALALI Black topped 72% VADSAR TARSALI TO CHIKODARA TALSAT MAKARPURA CHAPAD MANEJA NATIONAL HIGHWAY NO. 8 RIVER VISHWAMITRI RIVER JAMBUVA RIVER JAMBUVA CHANASAD TO MUMBAI Source: CDS, 2001 KHALIPUR 18/40

19 TO MUMBAI Hawking and non-hawking zones Salient features Process of scheme preparation Declaration of nonhawking zones Conditions for hawking zones Allocation and use of spaces TO AHMEDABAD 10 GORWA GOTRI ROAD TO GODHRA 6 SAYAJIGUNJ (S) TO AHMEDABAD OLD PADRA ROAD 7 SAYAJIGUNJ (N) R. C. DUTT ROAD NEW INDIA MILL ROAD 5 4 TO SAVLI BABAJIPURA 8 RAOPURA V. I. P. ROAD HARNI ROAD N. H. NO. 8 2 FATEHPURA RING ROAD (OUTER) MAHARSHI ARVIND MARG 1 CITY RING ROAD (INNER) DABHOI ROAD 9 TO GODHRA KISHANWADI AJWA ROAD 3 WADI DARJIPURA ROAD WAGHODIA ROAD MAHESH COMPLEX ROAD NATIONAL HIGHWAY NO. 8 TO DABHOI TO AJWA TO VAGHODIYA Granting licenses TO PADRA G. I. D. C. TO CHIKODARA General condition NATIONAL HIGHWAY NO. 8 Effect? RIVER JAMBUVA TO MUMBAI RIVER JAMBUVA RIVER VISHWAMITRI Source: Desai, 1987, Base Map: CDS, /40

20 Vendor location Location of vendors by size of concentration Agglomerations on ring road, National Highway Concentration is more in walled city and new CBD No Ward where vendors are not present on the major roads Major roads = 24% of total road length 173 vendors/km length of Major roads (24 mt width and ANKODIA SEVASI TO PADRA GOTRI TO AHMEDABAD 10 GOTRI ROAD SAIYAD VASNA TO GODHRA GORWA GORWA TANDALJA SUBHANPURA 6 SAYAJIGUNJ (S) ATLADRA CHAPAD CHANASAD TO AHMEDABAD OLD PADRA ROAD NEW INDIA MILL ROAD KALALI TALSAT NIZAMPURA R. C. DUTT ROAD RIVER VISHWAMITRI JETALPUR AKOTA VADSAR 7 SAYAJIGUNJ (N) more) Source: Primary survey Base Map: CDS, 2001 NARMADA CANAL KHALIPUR 5 BABAJIPURA TO MUMBAI MANEJA 8 RAOPURA MANJALPUR 4 TO SAVLI G. I. D. C. SAMA V. I. P. ROAD MAKARPURA RIVER JAMBUVA TO MUMBAI HARNI HARNI ROAD NATIONAL HIGHWAY NO. 8 2 FATEHPURA RING ROAD (OUTER) MAHARSHI ARVIND MARG VARASIYA 1 CITY RING ROAD (INNER) DABHOI ROAD DANTESHWAR TARSALI 9 TO GODHRA KISHANWADI S. R. P. AJWA ROAD TO CHIKODARA 3 WADI DARJIPURA ROAD WAGHODIA ROAD MAHESH COMPLEX ROAD DARJIPURA BAPOD RIVER JAMBUVA NATIONAL HIGHWAY NO. 8 KAPURAI 20/40 SIKANDARPURA TO AJWA ANAKHOL TO DABHOI TO VAGHODIYA

21 Vendor location Location of vendors by agglomeration Road Stretches Junctions Existence of vendor clusters (% of all locations) Number of vendors at respective locations (% of total vendors) Source:primary survey Road stretch stretch of road along its length Junction- 150 mts distance from road intersection Total road length surveyed is 211 kms Area classified as junctions is 10% which has 40% of vendors Design of area around junctions is of concern legend 21/40

22 Classification of vendors Type of vending activity Vendors Food items Non-food items Processed food Lunch-dinner, snacks, puripakodi, teacoffee, juicewalla Nonprocessed food Household articles Vessels, show items, shoes, sanitary items, Fruits, vegetables, pan-bidi, electrical ice-cream, fixtures, packed jewellery foods, water, soda Type of asset used Galla, Larri, Box, Pathari, Tokri Duration of Activity Static Full day Semi-static portion of day Clothes Flowers Service providers Barber, mechanic, painter, cobbler, potter 22/40

23 Processed food Nonprocessed food Household articles Clothes Flowers Services % of surveyed vendors Vendor typology Distribution by type of vending activity Distribution of vendors by type of vending activity 3% 4% 15% 27% Processed food Non-processed food Household articles 10% Clothes Source: Primary survey 41% Flowers Services Duration of Stay Type of vending activity Semi-Static Static Source: Primary survey Duration of space occupancy by type of vending activity 23/40

24 Vendors/km length Vendors/10,000 population Vendor distribution Relation between gross density and number of vendors Low-density residential area Density V/S Vendors Old City high-density residential area Vendors v/s Income levels ` LIG MIG HIG Income groups in residential areas Medium-density residential area Density of Ward Low Density Range (<10,000 p/sq.km.) Medium Density Range (10,000 25,000 p/sq.km.) High Density Range (>70,000 p/sq.km.) Relation between income level and number of vendors Old CBD Source: primary survey 24/40

25 Transport Node LIG Residentail area Commercial hub Hospital HIG Residentail area MIG Residential area Recreation place Industries Institution Vendors/km length Vendor distribution Relation between land use and number of vendors Land use V/S Vendors Land use Type 25/40

26 Vendors/km length Vendors/km length Vendors/km length Vendor distribution Relation between road width and number of vendors Road width V/S Vendors Y = 0.59 X -1 R = Source: Ward level primary survey, 2004 Road width in mts. Low Density: <10,000 p/sq.km. Low Density Medium Density: 10,000 25,000 p/sq.km. High Density Range: >70,000 p/sq.km Road width V/S Vendors Y = 1.26 X R = Source: Ward level primary survey, Source: Ward level primary survey, 2004 Road width in mts. Road width V/S Vendors Medium Density Y = 0.34 X r = Road width in mts. 30 High Density 26/40

27 Number of vendors Density Range Road type % of total road length of ward % of total vendors % Vendors Major R : Minor R Low Density Range (<10,000 p/sq.km.) Medium Density Range (10,000 25,000 p/sq.km.) High Density Range (>70,000 p/sq.km.) Major roads = width >18 mts Minor roads = 18 mts and lesser Vendors on Major roads = 7365 Vendors on Minor roads = 5744 Total vendor enterprises = 13,109 Total vendors = 46,000; Major Minor Major Minor Major Minor : : : 0.61 Source: primary survey Dependant population is 1,36,000-10% of city s population 27/40

28 Space Requirements Space occupied by vendor enterprise Varies with land use and typology Space occupation matrix Elements: Type of business asset Customer seating Customer parking Washing area Storage area Reservation in land use 1 sq. mt/enterprise: 13,109 sq. mts. 3.5 sq. mt/enterprise: 41,581 sq. mts. 28/40

29 Typology of vending activity Land use specific Time Specific Seasons, festivals Changes during day Alternation of activity Vending activity Service providers Nonprocessed food Processed food (eateries) Source: primary survey Timings over day 9:00 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. 4:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. 5:30 p.m. to 11:30 p.m. Land use HIG Residential MIG Residential LIG Residential Commercial Transport node Educational Medical campus Recreational Industrial Source: primary survey High % of vending activity PF, NPF, SP PF, NPF, SP PF, NPF, SP C, HH PF, NPF, C, SP PF, NPF, SP PF, NPF PF, NPF PF, NPF, SP Issues Street sections 29/40

30 SECTION III Urban planning guidelines Regulation and monitoring mechanism Legislation 30/40

31 Street vending on major roads OLD NATIONAL HIGHWAY Type of vending activity Processed food Nonprocessed food Median On-street vending Household Articles Clothes Flowers Service Providers Influence zone of respective Road activity kms kms kms Road More than 2.5 kms Median kms kms Typology of vending Off-street vending Provisions to be made Streets of special category SV ANKODIA SEVASI LEGEND TO PADRA GOTRI TO AHMEDABAD 10 GORWA GOTRI ROAD SAIYAD VASNA GORWA TANDALJA SUBHANPURA 6 SAYAJIGUNJ (S) ATLADRA CHAPAD Vadodara Municipal Corporation Boundary Ward Boundary Waterbody National Highway State Highway Radial Road Other Road TO GODHRA ROAD TOWARDS PADRA Broad Guage Railway Track REFINERY ROAD ROAD TOWARDS VASNA CHANASAD TO AHMEDABAD OLD PADRA ROAD NEW INDIA MILL ROAD KALALI NOTE: This map should be viewed in conjugation with: TALSAT Map Map showing road network of Vadodara Map Map showing location and ID no. of vendors on major roads in Vadodara Existing Roads to be declared as Category SV NIZAMPURA R. C. DUTT ROAD RIVER VISHWAMITRI ROAD TOWARDS CHHANI JETALPUR AKOTA NARMADA CANAL VADSAR 7 SAYAJIGUNJ (N) KHALIPUR Undeveloped Roads to be declared as Category SV with due development 5 BABAJIPURA TO MUMBAI MANEJA 8 RAOPURA MANJALPUR 4 TO SAVLI G. I. D. C. SAMA VISHWAMITRI STN. ROAD OLD NH V. I. P. ROAD MAKARPURA RIVER JAMBUVA TO MUMBAI OLD NH HARNI HALOL ROAD PRATAP OVER-BRIDGE ROAD HARNI ROAD NATIONAL HIGHWAY NO. 8 2 FATEHPURA RING ROAD (OUTER) MAHARSHI ARVIND MARG VARASIYA 1 CITY RING ROAD (INNER) DABHOI ROAD DANTESHWAR TARSALI 9 TO GODHRA KISHANWADI S. R. P. AJWA ROAD TO CHIKODARA 3 WADI DARJIPURA ROAD WAGHODIA ROAD NH BYPASS MAHESH COMPLEX ROAD DARJIPURA BAPOD RIVER JAMBUVA NATIONAL HIGHWAY NO. 8 KAPURAI 31/40 SIKANDARPURA TO AJWA ANAKHOL TO DABHOI TO VAGHODIYA

32 Modification in street section Combination On-street of single-side or double-side vending for Vending different widths of street for Road Allocation Vending Vendor Pedestrian Streetside way (in Carriage width of platform extension path (in 40 (in mts. vending (in mts) (in mts) mts) parking metres) mts) on road (in Wideside metres) (both/ street single) Length of 500 mts can accommodate 30 vendors Media n (in mts) 24 Single (4) Both 3 (2) 3 (2) 2 (2) 2.5 (2) 3.5 (4) Single (6) Both 3 (2) 3 (2) 1.5 (2) 2.5 (2) 3.5 (2) Single (4) /40

33 Probable magnitude Size of vendor cluster Land use type Issues of street management Traffic flow Vendors/km length of road Residential HIG Residential 238 MIG Residential 178 LIG Residential 450 Commercial 258 Industrial 160 Entry and exit of vendors Waste management Extension by vendors Ancillary facilities Land use type Institutional uses Vendors/km length of road Educational 136 Medical 250 Allocation of activity Eateries Fruits and vegetables 33/40

34 Other space Allocation options Urban Squares Development Control Regulation Road Parking Plot Stalls for vendors Commercial building Shops in complex 34/40

35 Process of land allocation Prediction of land use Identification of the main street/s Judgement of typology Calculation of space requirements Location of local vendor market Execution through PPP Management through NGO Private participation Finance for execution Advertisement rights Administrative authority Charge collection against registration Maintenance expenses NGO Formation of vendor clusters Capacity building of vendors Conflict resolution 35/40

36 Stakeholders Participatory planning Public Private Social/ community Municipal commissioner Traffic commissioner Town planning officer Corporate body Eminent citizens NGO Vendors association Influence Interest Expertise Resources available Constraints 1. Municipal Commissioner /Traffic Commissioner implementation 2. Interest and capacity of the NGO and the town-planning department - high 3. Involvement of NGOs as an intermediary agency 4. Corporate bodies - finance the execution 5. Capacity building process for vendor association - by NGO 36/40

37 Administrative committee Land management Street management Municipal Commissioner Ward wise NGO representatives (2) Ward wise NGO representatives (2) Collection of charges Ward Officer Ward Sanitary Inspector Ward Officer Ward Sanitary Inspector Self-regulatory market Cluster leader/s Vendor Cluster Cluster leader/s Vendor Cluster 37/40

38 Implementation process Allocation of Local Level Vendor Market place by Corporation Consultation with Vendors Association Street Design/Plan for Local Level Vendor Market Consultation with all stakeholders and surrounding residents Competition among vendors Execution of Plan by Private Sector/Corporation Licenses to vendors by Corporation against payment of charges Self-Regulation of street vending activity Deletion of Traffic Department, Only Corporation responsible Organizing vendors becomes transparent, fast and accountability of Ward Authority increases Successful integration of street vending becomes a continuous process 38/40

39 Legislation for implementation BPMC Act, 1949 Bombay Police Act, 1951 Indian Penal Code Sodhan Singh versus NDMC, 1989 Draft national policy on street vendors, 2002 Gujarat State policy on street vendors (Resolution) GTP & UD Act Chp 2 section 7,12,14,20,21 Chp 3 section 23 Chp 4 section 30,35 Chp 7 section 107, /40

40 End of presentation Urban Planning Guidelines Integrating street vendors in city planning Legal framework Regulation & Monitoring mechanism Guided by: Prof.H.M.Shivanand Swamy Mr. B.R.Balachandran 40/40