Steps towards Integrated Transport

Transcription

1 National Seminar on Integrated Intermodal Transport Yogyakarta, 8-9 September 2015 Steps towards Integrated Transport Pierre Chartier ESCAP Transport Division

2 The future we want How to address mobility requirements : - for 7.2 billion people - soon to be 9.6 billion, - while bringing the billions of people at the bottom of the social ladder into mainstream economic development, - without blowing up the environmental load?

3 The future we want Improved regional connectivity will also offer important development opportunities to least developed, landlocked and small island developing countries. Ban Ki Moon, August 2014

4 Implications for transport Transport policies which: conserve energy minimize emission of greenhouse gases minimize water pollution minimize impairment of the visual environment enhance public safety deliver what industry requires!

5 A new mindset Transport sector which: puts greater emphasis to environmentally sustainable form of transport offers a wider range of transport options at lesser cost to shippers acts as a major player in the advent of economic corridors spreading economic prosperity

6 How to Streamlining the transport sector create the conditions for coordinated policies avoid redundant investment (in particular in logistics) reduce logistics cost to enhance corporate competitiveness and national competitiveness A national transport strategy would provide a more stable basis for: allocating public investment resources across sectors developing the most efficient long-term role of all transport modes create an equitable basis for modal competition, which will in the long term ensure a shift towards sustainable transport

7 Conditions for a better modal split Relevant transport policies for a modal split to environmentally friendly modes of transport Appropriate investment strategies and policies are needed to provide the infrastructure and operating assets compatible with efficient rail operation Port layout plans should be optimized to minimize double handling of cargo and containers to and from rail / IWT Commercial port pricing incentives should be applied to encourage hinterland transport of containers by rail / IWT Truck axle load limits should be set and applied at levels which favour carriage of heavy containers by rail / IWT Action should be taken to recover the road maintenance costs caused by heavy vehicles.

8 Conditions for a better modal split Appropriate investment strategies and policies The investment strategies and policies which are most needed are those which will ensure that the economic advantages of rail transport are achieved. rail is disadvantaged by its lack of flexibility rail has the substantial compensatory advantage of being able to deliver in a single train operation to a port a high volume of containers, for a minimum level of operating costs must have access to well-located inland terminals and easy access to berth in ports Thailand and Bangladesh: past under-investment in motive power and rollingstock has prevented the SRT and BR to compete on the container segment between Laem Chabang and Lard Krabang ICD or Chittagong and Dakha Bangladesh: location of the Dakha ICD next to the main passenger in a heavily congested area of the city and conflict between shunting movement of freight and commuter services

9 Conditions for a better modal split Optimization of port layout plans Very few, if any, ports of the region have layouts which are compatible with the efficient operation of container trains rail loading/unloading tracks are of insufficient length to accommodate full length trains rail loading/unloading tracks are located too far from berth-side container stacks to allow single lift loading and unloading operations using port handling equipment Infrastructure layout at most ports, far from encouraging a modal shift from road to rail, actually reinforce the predominant use of road transport for inbound and outbound container movement

10 Conditions for a better modal split Commercial port pricing incentives Application of commercial port tariff incentives should encourage the movement of containers into and out of a port by rail. volume discounts off the rates charged for loading/unloading containers to and from rail Bangladesh: port pricing encourages the perpetuation of inefficient road transport for the carriage of break-bulk container cargo, rather than to encourage the carriage of containers on rail

11 Conditions for a better modal split Application of road-related policies Road axle load limits are applied in order to restrict the damage to road surfaces caused by heavy trucks it can also be effective in influencing the modal split of the freight transport task, but only when the modal alternatives are effective A majority of the region s countries apply limits on the gross weights, or axle loads, of cargo trucks, but in only some of these countries do such limits appear to be strictly enforced Little evidence that the road maintenance costs caused by heavy trucks are adequately recovered from operators in any country of the region in some countries road maintenance costs are recovered in total from fuel taxes, vehicle import duty, and fixed registration and license fees, but implicit in these tax receipts there is a large cross subsidy from private vehicle to commercial vehicle operators rail cannot compete rail risk an under-recovery of their costs Thailand: on the Bangkok-Chonburi motorway toll charge for an 18-wheeler prime mover and trailer is only 3 times that of a private car

12 Conditions for a better modal split Governance Governments must play their regulatory role at least a need to take action to create an equitable basis for modal competition, which will in the long term ensure a shift towards sustainable transport establishment of a specific agency to above all existing ministries to integrate the policy functions dispersed among various ministries Republic of Korea: National Logistics Policy Planning Committee chaired by the Minister of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport establishment of a board to review projects and policies - to avoid contradictory policies Thailand: strong government investment in high quality multi-lane road accesses to Laem Chabang Port is counterproductive to sustainable policies - to avoid implementation delays Thailand: slow renewal of concessions at Lard Krabang discouraged further investment

13 Conditions for a better modal split Governance creation of a conducive environment for private sector participation China: CR Intermodal (former CRCTC) is a JV with private shareholding of NWS Holdings of Hong Kong (container service provider), CIMC (container manufacturer), Luck Glory (investor), DBML (subsidiary of German Railways) creation of a body to oversee policies and practices in the sector (avoid conflict of interest) Thailand: practice of awarding operating concessions at Lard Krabang to shipping lines, most of which have trucking subsidiaries (Maersk, NYK Shipping) unleash commercial freedom across modes Russian Federation: tariff incentives based on the container volumes through long term contracts with container customers. Thailand: SRT enjoys the freedom of setting its container haulage charges at competitive levels

14 @ nk you Ban Ki Moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations www. unescap.org/our-work/transport Th info.: