WATERWAYS OVERVIEW I n l a n d R i v e r s a n d G u l f C o a s t

Transcription

1 1 WATERWAYS OVERVIEW I n l a n d R i v e r s a n d G u l f C o a s t Section 1

2 Topics 1.1 U.S. Coast Guard Organizational Overview 1.2 U.S. Coast Guard / Industry Then and Now 1.3 U.S. Inland Waterways System Knowledge 1.4 U.S. Inland Waterways System Geography 2 Section 1

3 1.1 U.S. Coast Guard Organizational Overview U.S. Coast Guard Organizational Overview

4 Sector Houston-Galveston Area of Responsibility 4 MSU Lake Charles Station Lake Charles Station Sabine ANT Sabine USCGC HERON Sector Houston-Galveston Station Houston Station Freeport USCGC MANTA SFO Galveston Station Galveston ANT Galveston USCGC CLAMP USCGC HATCHET USCGC MANOWAR USCGC SKIPJACK 1.1 U.S. Coast Guard Organizational Overview MSU Texas City

5 Safety The Big Three Lone Star Harbor Safety Committee (LSHSC) Course flows from NAVOP s Security Area Maritime Security Committee (AMSC) Issues such as TWIC and Security Plans Stewardship Central Texas Coastal Area Committee (CTCAC) Spill response and environmental issues U.S. Coast Guard Organizational Overview

6 Organization Sector 6 Sector Commander Air Station Houston Deputy Sector Commander MSU Texas City SFO Galveston MSU Port Arthur MSU Lake Charles 1.1 U.S. Coast Guard Organizational Overview

7 Organization Houston 7 Deputy Sector Commander Prevention Response Logistics Command Center Planning Vessel Traffic Service 1.1 U.S. Coast Guard Organizational Overview

8 Organization Houston (Prevention) 8 Prevention Regional Exam Center Inspections Investigations Domestic Port State Control Casualty Investigators Facilities Inspections Waterways Management/ATON 1.1 U.S. Coast Guard Organizational Overview

9 Organization Houston (Waterways Management) 9 Waterways Management Aids to Navigation Teams Lone Star Harbor Safety Committee Construction Tenders 1.1 U.S. Coast Guard Organizational Overview

10 Organization Houston (Response) 10 Response Incident Management Enforcement Search and Rescue Pollution Response and Investigation Stations Patrol Boats 1.1 U.S. Coast Guard Organizational Overview

11 Organization Houston (Watch) 11 Command Center Duty Officer (SAR and LE) Radio Watch (Communications) Situation Controller (COTP, OCMI Issues) Manned 24 hours a day Linked to VTS watch 1.1 U.S. Coast Guard Organizational Overview

12 A Day in the Life of the Houston-Galveston Sector Aids to Navigation Discrepancies 20 Vessel Inspections 3 Lives Saved/Assisted 4 Facility Inspections 2 Law Enforcement Violations 350 Total Tow Movements 1 Security Boarding 96 Vessel Arrivals 3 Marine Investigations 22 Merchant Mariner Credentials Issued 3 Pollution Responses 1.1 U.S. Coast Guard Organizational Overview

13 All Threats All Hazards Always Ready U.S. Coast Guard Organizational Overview

14 1.2 U.S. Coast Guard / Inland Towing Industry Then and Now U.S. Coast Guard / Industry Then and Now

15 When did the Coast Guard Really Get Involved? Actual regulatory oversight into the operation of tugs and towboats is a relatively recent endeavor for the Coast Guard 1900: 46 US Code 405 stated, The Hull and boiler of every tugboat, towboat and ferry shall be inspected. (Boilers had a tendency to Explode: Hence the Steamboat Inspection Service) 15 Courts later ruled (1913) the US Code did not apply to diesel Tugs/towboats. After that ruling not many Steam Powered Tugs were built. Diesels were State of the Art and operators of diesel tugs used this modernization as leverage against regulation. By WWII, nearly all Tugs/Towboats were diesel. 1.2 U.S. Coast Guard / Industry Then and Now

16 Regulation of the Towing Industry 16 Regulation of safe operations and manning levels of Towing Vessels has been attempted several times before in U.S. history: 1920 s: 2 Bills made it to the House of Representatives. Both defeated 1931: Representative La Guardia (NY) started H.R. 337.Failed. (Fishing Vessels) Again in 1936, 1951 (Tug SACHEM explosion) and 1965.All Failed in part Unions (MEBA, MM& P) were always in favor Opposition was from Operators, Dredges, Fishing Industry, Yacht Owners. Depts of Commerce and Treasury said the CG could not support the regulatory burden In 1965 there was some movement. AWO finally supported the Licensing of Pilots. Note: Casualty data supported collisions NOT engineering failures as the root cause of accidents Now the new opposition came from the Oil and Gas Industry and Senator Huey Long (LA) OSV s were omitted in the eventual Pilothouse Licensing Act of 1973 and Congress gave additional Billets to the Coast Guard for the new initiative.

17 Uninspected does not mean Unregulated 1970: 46 CFR Chapter I, Subchapter C set forth minimum requirements for Towing Vessels Prior to 1970 safety meant one man=one lifejacket One fire extinguisher per deck Navigation Lights could be seen by an approaching vessel : Licensing of Pilots 1970 s: Physicals for Licensed Mariners during Licensing 1987: Drug Testing of Licensed Mariners 1990: Criminal background checks of Mariners

18 What about Marine Casualties and oil spills prior to the 1970 s? Oil and chemical pollutants were routinely spilled into waterways 18 Accidents routinely went unreported and uninvestigated unless extreme circumstances existed Multiple injuries involving the public (Titanic ) Disruption to communities (Texas City Explosion) No clear laws existed regarding the Coast Guard s jurisdiction over issues beyond checking for lifejackets and fire extinguishers 1.2 U.S. Coast Guard / Industry Then and Now

19 Ports and Waterways Safety Act and The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of s was an era of sweeping environmental regulation Ports and Waterways Safety Act of 1972 (Creation of the COTP) EPA created 1970 Federal Water Pollution Control Act of Results: Coast Guard given new missions Accident Investigations and Analysis standards Environmental Safety Safeguarding Waterways 1.2 U.S. Coast Guard / Industry Then and Now

20 The Coast Guard and Safety 1970s and 1980s Vessel Traffic Systems instituted in major traffic and incident areas 20 The Coast Guard and Industry both recognized the need for better standards More attention paid to the requirements for navigational devices, lights, whistles, bells, and time required for advancement Pollution incidents still significant 1.2 U.S. Coast Guard / Industry Then and Now

21 The Coast Guard and Safety The Oil Pollution Act of 1990-OPA 90 March 24, 1989, the EXXON VALDEZ grounded in Prince William Sound, spilling ~500,000 barrels of crude 21 With passage of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90): Vessels, crews, and owners held to higher standards of conduct Stiffer penalties and criminal charges faced those who would operate in a negligent manner Specific dates were written into law, requiring double-hull vessels to replace the fleet of aging, single-skins 1.2 U.S. Coast Guard / Industry Then and Now

22 The Coast Guard and Safety September 22, 1993 On September 22, 1993, a tow boat lost in the fog laid against a railroad trestle crossing Big Bayou Canot, in Mobile. Pilot testified he was looking to catch a tree. The impact was enough to move the train tracks 6 inches out of alignment minutes before the arrival of the Sunset Ltd Passenger Train. 47 dead 103 Injured U.S. Coast Guard / Industry Then and Now

23 The Coast Guard and Safety September 22, As a result, Congress ordered: More stringent requirements for training Inland vessels to carry additional navigational and safety equipment Rules to govern Piloting were strengthened: Formalized the advancement process Instituted more training (Charts and Radar) Compelled additional time requirements and experience before obtaining a license Required simulations and a show of practical ability 1.2 U.S. Coast Guard / Industry Then and Now

24 Conclusions: Questions? Accidents continue to occur that drive the creation of new regulations 24 Regardless of the law, it takes commitment and partnership to ensure the continued safety of maritime commerce. Commander Gary Messmer x5186

25 1.3 U.S. Inland Waterways System Knowledge U.S. Inland Waterways System Knowledge

26 The United States Inland Waterways System The Inland Waterways System serves 38 of the continental United States 26 Corps of Engineers maintains: Over 12,000 miles of Waterways Approximately 240 locks 1.3 U.S. Inland Waterways System Knowledge

27 U.S. Inland Waterways System History Began as series of canals dug to move commerce from eastern states to inland states At turn of 19 th century: Lock and dam system not established on major rivers GIWW not yet constructed Significant commerce conducted along Gulf Coast through interconnected bayous, lakes, and rivers U.S. Inland Waterways System Knowledge

28 The United States Inland Waterways System Primary Waterways in U.S. Inland Waterways System Mississippi, Upper Mississippi, Ohio rivers, and the GIWW Major tributaries 28 Illinois, Missouri, Allegheny, Monongahela, Kanawha, Cumberland, Tennessee, Arkansas, Red, Ouachita rivers, Tenn-Tomm Waterway, Atchafalaya River, Black Warrior Tombigbee East and West Coast Systems: Columbia River System on west coast Atlantic ICW, Delaware River System, and New York Harbor on the east coast 1.3 U.S. Inland Waterways System Knowledge

29 1.4 U.S. Inland Waterways System Geography U.S. Inland Waterways System Geography

30 United States Ports and Navigable Waterways U.S. Inland Waterways System Geography

31 Importance of the Waterways to the Population Look at the population distribution Overlay Waterways system on population map Most major population centers across the country located on or near major Waterways or coastal ports U.S. Inland Waterways System Geography

32 U.S. Inland Waterways System Geography

33 Simple Conclusion The Inland Waterways System has a significant importance to the population: 33 Attracts industries with no way of transporting products other than by water Provides the catalyst for establishing other modes of transportation in those areas 1.4 U.S. Inland Waterways System Geography

34 Who Uses the Inland Waterways System? What do They Ship? Typical shippers using Inland Waterways System and GIWW: 34 Petroleum and chemical refineries Steel, aluminum, and scrap producers Coal-mining operations Agricultural interests Typical cargos are: Bulk commodities Some demand to move container cargo by barge 1.4 U.S. Inland Waterways System Geography

35 GIWW is 108 years old, spans 1100 miles St. Marks to Brownsville

36 Barge and Towing Industry Statistics Inland Waterways (USACE Waterborne Commerce Statistics 2011) Towing Industry transports roughly 624 million tons of cargo per year on our inland waterways system - represents 62% of all domestic waterborne commerce nationwide. GIWW traffic accounted for 112 million tons. Estimated value of that cargo is about $45 Billion Only the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers accounted for more waterborne cargo traffic than GIWW. On the GIWW, cargo leaders are: Petroleum / Petroleum Products 51% Chemicals 17% Crude Materials 17% Coal 6%

37 GIWW Cargo Where s it go?

38 GIWW Cargo Here, too Chemical Plants

39 GIWW Areas of Concern USACE Dredging Funds for FY 2014 Need to maintain depth Advanced maintenance Mooring Basins Additional Buoys Especially important in TX Aged Infrastructure Brazos River Floodgates Colorado Locks IHNC Lock ALGIERS! Bayou Sorrel Encroachment Need to maintain width USACE effort to establish revised, realistic setback policies Hurricane Storm Damage Risk Reduction System (HSDRRS) impacts

40 Canal Concerns High Island to Brazos Realignment, Bayou Sorrel Replacement, IHNC Replacement, Maintenance Dredging, Brazos Modernization HSDRRS Sites Coastal Protection and Restoration Challenges to Navigation

41 National Importance Rail service and roads becoming more congested; approaching maximum capacity: Lost time and money 41 Increased environmental damage Increasing maintenance cost More and more, looking to Inland Waterways System to stay connected to World Market 1.4 U.S. Inland Waterways System Geography

42 Comparative to Other Countries No other Waterways systems at present have capacity capabilities similar to U.S. Rhine River in Central Europe has developed system approaching 80% capacity Some European Union nations moving to develop the Danube River system (now approximately 15% capacity) Argentina and China have systems not yet developed to meet capacity Lack of infrastructure to feed these systems Highways Rail U.S. Inland Waterways System Geography

43 Environmental Gain The Inland Waterways System allows for: Savings in fuel consumption Reduced greenhouse gas emissions Less air pollution Reduced traffic congestion Fewer accidents on the highways and railroads Less noise and disruption in cities and towns U.S. Inland Waterways System Geography

44 Advantages of Inland Waterways Transport: Easing Rail and Highway Congestion in Our Communities Units to Carry 1,750 Short Tons of Dry Cargo 1 barge 16 rail cars 70 trucks One loaded covered hopper barge carries 58,333 bushels of wheat, enough to make almost 2.5 million loaves of bread.

45 Advantages of Inland Waterways Transport: Easing Rail and Highway Congestion in Our Communities Units to Carry 27,500 Barrels of Liquid Cargo A loaded tank barge carries 27,500 barrels of gasoline, enough to keep about 2,500 automobiles running for an entire year. 1 barge 46 rail cars 144 trucks

46 Advantages of Inland Waterways Transport: One 15-Barge Tow Equals 216 Rail Cars or 1,050 Trucks One 15-Barge Tow 1,050 Large Semi Tractor-Trailers 216 Rail Cars + 6 Locomotives

47 Advantages of Inland Waterways Transport: Moving Freight Efficiently Throughout America Transporting freight by water is also the most energy-efficient choice. Barges can move one ton of cargo 616 miles per gallon of fuel. A rail car would move the same ton of cargo 478 miles, and a truck only 150 miles Ton-miles Traveled per Gallon of Fuel

48 Advantages of Inland Waterways Transport: The Greener Way to Move America s Cargoes Barges have the smallest carbon footprint among other transportation modes. To move an identical amount of cargo by rail generates 30% more carbon dioxide than by barge, and 1,000% more emissions by trucks than by barge.

49 Advantages of Inland Waterways Transport: Safeguarding Our Health and the Environment Inland waterways transport moves hazardous materials safely. Overall, spill rates remain low. Trucks lose gallons per one million tonmiles, rail cars 4.89 gallons and barges 2.59 gallons per one million ton-miles. Rate of Spills in Gallons per Million Ton-miles 2.59 Spills of More Than 1,000 Gallons

50 Advantages of Inland Waterways Transport: Safeguarding Our Health and the Environment Inland waterways transport has a low injury record compared to rail or truck. Ratio of Injuries in Freight Transportation For each injury involving barge transportation, there are 95.3 injuries related to rail and 1,609.6 truck-related injuries. 1,609.6

51 Advantages of Inland Waterways Transport: Safeguarding Our Health and the Environment Inland waterways transport has a low fatality record compared to rail or truck. Ratio of Fatalities in Freight Transportation For each barge transportation fatality, there are 18.1 fatalities related to rail and 132 truckrelated fatalities. 132

52 Coming up next: The Business of Towing 52 Section 1