Radiation protection of itinerant workers in nuclear industry in the Russian Federation at the example of nuclear power plants

Transcription

1 Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia Radiation protection of itinerant workers in nuclear industry in the Russian Federation at the example of nuclear power plants Sergey Shinkarev Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia

2 Radiation protection of itinerant workers The system of radiation protection applied to an itinerant worker (contactor) is the same as to any other worker dealing with ionizing radiation. Three principles of radiation protection: Justification Optimization Application of dose limits

3 Radiation protection of itinerant workers The system of radiation protection for itinerant workers is applied for planned exposure situations keeping in mind dose limits recommended for occupational exposure during expected activities. Specific features of application of the system of radiation protection to itinerant workers are as follows: Sharing of responsibility on optimization of radiation protection between operator and outside undertaking The way to keep and account for individual dose received during various periods of operation activity of an itinerant worker

4 Regulatory basis of radiation protection of the workers at the Rosatom s enterprises within the legislation of RF RF Laws, RF President Orders, RF Government Directives Radiation safety standards NRB-99/2009 Main regulatory rules of provision of radiation protection of the workers and the public OSPORB-99/2010 Rules of radioactive waste management SPORO-2002 Hygienic requirements for sites and facilities design in nuclear power engineering. SPP PUAP-03. Nuclear power plants Nuclear fuel cycle Assembling facilities RW management Storage facilities Requirements. Recommendations. Guidelines.

5 Regulation structure of radiation safety and radiation protection according to the international standards Minzdravsocrazvitiya FL on «The Public Sanitary- Hygienic Prosperity» FL on «The Public Radiation Protection» Laws Rostechnadzor FL on «Nuclear Energy Use» FL on «Technical Regulation» Sanitary rules and norms Hygienic regulations Recommendations Guidelines Regulative documents Guidance Federal norms Technical regulations Recommendations Guidelines for control methods Branch standards GOSTs, OSTs Russia European States, USA Russia - Obligatory - Advisable

6 Distribution of the functions between the regulatory bodies of radiation protection and radiation safety MINZDRAVSOCRAZVITIYA ROSTECHNADZOR RADIATION SAFETY AND PROTECTION Radiation protection of the population (workers) means the state of protectability of the current and future generations of people against harmful ionizing radiation exposure Radiation safety of facility using nuclear energy means the state of protectability reached by applying the hardware and by means of management under conditions of routine operation and its breaching, including emergencies, as well as licensing of practices and activities

7 Russian legislation in the sphere of provision of radiation protection The main Federal laws (FL) On usage of nuclear energy #170-FL of On radiation protection of the public #3-FZ of On epidemiological prosperity of the public #52-FZ of On protection of the environment #7-FL of On the subsoil #2395-FZ of Water codex of the Russian Federation #74-FZ of Land codex of the Russian Federation #136-FZ of Forestry codex of the Russian Federation #200-FZ of Town building codex of the Russian Federation #190-FZ of

8 Radiation protection of itinerant workers Application of the system of radiation protection to itinerant workers in Russia is demonstrated at the example of nuclear power plants. Dose limits 100 msv within 5 years with a maximum of 50 msv in a year

9 Russian nuclear power plants 10 NPPs, 32 Units, P=24242 MW(el) Bilibino NPP Leningrad NPP Kola NPP Kalinin NPP Kursk NPP Smolensk NPP Balakovo NPP RBMK-1000 WWER-1000 WWER-440 BN-600 EGP-6 Shut down Rostov NPP Beloyarsk NPP Novovoronezh NPP

10 The main indicators of radiation safety of NPP Number of operating events with radiological consequences Doses to the NPP workers and itinerant workers Activity of gaseous and aerosol releases Activity of liquid discharges

11 0,06 0,07 0,74 0,64 0,61 0,66 0,54 0,52 0,38 0,45 0,51 0,58 0,77 1,51 1,47 1,94 2,34 2,72 3,32 3,90 3,93 4,32 Doses to NPP workers and itinerant workers Collective doses of occupational exposure in 2009 and 2010 (man-sv/unit) 5,00 4,50 4,00 3, ,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00 All NPPs Kur Sml Len NVo Bil Kol Kln Bal Bel Vld

12 Doses to NPP workers and itinerant workers Collective doses of occupational exposure by a reactor type (man-sv/unit) ,28 9,36 8,57 7,81 7,10 6,48 6,07 5,40 4,83 RBMK All reactor types VVER Non-series (EGP, AMB, BN) ,52 4,06 3,67 1,86 1, ,60 1, ,32 1, ,36 3,4 3,14 2,91 0, ,31 0, ,33 0, ,68 1,16 0, ,45 1,15 0, ,2 1,03 0, ,00 1,87 0,96 0, ,85 1,72 3,57 1,61 0,81 0,78 0, , ,53 1,56 0,69 0, ,31 1,51 0,73 0, ,34 1,48 0,65 0,

13 Transition to new dose limits in Phase Reduction of collective doses and minimization of number of persons with individual dose greater than 20 msv Phase 2 Ensuring non-exceeding of the basic dose limit of 100 msv during 5 years with a maximum of 50 msv in a year

14 Number of NPP workers and itinerant workers with individual doses per a year exceeding 20 msv in

15 Doses to NPP workers and itinerant workers Distribution of number of the workers by individual dose intervals in 2010 % 100 Distribution of number of the workers by individual dose intervals for a fiveyear period % , , ,9 12,1 6,1 2,7 0,9 0 < 1 msv 1-2 msv 2-5 msv 5-10 msv msv msv >20 msv ,4 0,9 0,6 0, msv msv msv msv msv >100 msv

16 Collective dose, man-sv/unit Collective doses to NPP workers and itinerant workers in Russia (VVER) and abroad (PWR)* in (man-sv/unit) 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 2,3 2,2 1,7 1,1 2,3 2,0 1,6 1,2 Russia France Germany Japan Ukraine 1,7 1,8 1,7 1,4 1,6 1,5 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,4 1,2 1,4 1,3 1,4 1,3 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,4 1,3 1,3 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1 1,0 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,0 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 0,9 0,8 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 0,8 1,0 0,8 0,7 0,7 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,7 0,6 0,6 1,6 1,1 0,8 0,8 0,7 0,7 0, * ISOE database

17 Doses to NPP workers and itinerant workers Collective doses of occupational exposure: personnel in general, plant staff members, and contractors (man-sv/unit) 4 3,5 3 2,97 2,83 2,72 Personnel in general at the site Plant staff members Contractors 2,5 2 1,5 1 2,42 2,21 2,11 2,19 1,69 2,03 1,52 1,68 1,31 1,75 1,11 1,66 1,05 1,53 0,87 1,59 0,85 1,57 0,84 0,5 0 0,66 0,74 0,73 0,62 0,64 0,55 0,61 0,61 0,5 0,51 0,

18 Percentage of NPP workers and itinerant workers with individual doses less than 1 msv during the period % VVER RBMK All reactors

19 Doses to NPP workers and itinerant workers Exposure to all workers at NPPs is in compliance with dose limits In 2010 doses to all workers did not exceed 20 msv Long-term tendency is observed that the occupational exposure to the workers decreases versus time The trends observed in recent yeas are as follows: - reduction of collective dose to the workers is slowing down; - change in the contribution to the total collective dose of occupational exposure to NPP workers and to itinerant workers Further optimization of collective and individual doses will be done at the expense of a set of measures focused on: - optimization of radiation protection; - management of individual risks

20 Main duties of an outside undertaking Aiming at efficient implementation of work and optimization of radiation protection of the staff: Provision of the medical surveillance and fitness of the staff; Improvement and maintain of qualification and skill of the staff; Provision of the staff with specific training taking into account the detailed description of work and work place characteristics received from an operator; Determination of dose constrain for any foreseen operational activity of any member of staff; Careful account for (recording and keeping) individual doses to any member of the staff for any period of operational activity; Close collaboration with operator (NPP) to share responsibility on optimization of radiation protection of the staff.

21 Main duties of an operator (NPP) Aiming at efficient implementation of work and optimization of radiation protection of the itinerant workers: Check the medical surveillance and fitness of the itinerant workers; Provision of the itinerant workers with detailed description of work and work place characteristics; Provision of the itinerant workers with protective equipment and dosimeters; Internal radiation monitoring of the itinerant workers before the start and after the finish of operation activity at the NPP; Recording and keeping the results of internal and external radiation monitoring of the itinerant workers; Close collaboration with outside undertaking to share responsibility on optimization of radiation protection of the itinerant workers.

22 Optimization of radiation protection of the itinerant workers Management measures - Creation of ALARA groups and committees. Education of the itinerant workers with the ALARA principles. - Setting of dose constrains or operational dose limitations for any period of operational activity. Analysis of doses. - Provision of implementation of high dangerous operation activity with the outside workers with appropriate skill (the more difficult activity the higher level of qualification). - Provision of the itinerant workers before the start of operation activity with specific training in a clear zone taking into account the detailed description of work and work place characteristics received from an operator.

23 Optimization of radiation protection of the itinerant workers Technical measures - Reduction of the level of radiation exposure at the working places of the itinerant workers (decontamination of the working place prior to start of work, use of radiation protection shields, etc.). - Reduction of time of working of the itinerant workers in the radiation fields (use of automated and remote-controlled tools, equipment simulators for training, consistency of the level of difficulty of work to the level of skill, previous check and preparation of the equipment to be used, separate storage of clean and dirty instruments and equipment, etc.).

24 Radiation protection shields Manufacturer Research Institute of Precise Mechanical Engineering (NIITM) Number of layers Attenuation factor 1 1,48 2 2,18 4 4, ,0 8 24, ,9 Dimensions: 1620 x 420 x 14 mm 1170 x 570 x 14 мм Weight 20 kg Price 7000 roubles (175 EUR)

25 Examples of application of radiation protection shields Shielding of large-diameter (800mm) pipes Steam & water pipelines shielding for repair of downcomer pipelines Creation of protected areas Hot spots shielding

26 Average individual doses to the itinerant workers of Atomenergoremont

27 Account for individual doses received by the itinerant workers - Network with databank of individual doses for all NPP workers and outside undertaking workers engaged within Concern Rosenergoatom. - Federal Databank of individual doses for all workers, including itinerant workers, engaged in the nuclear industry within Rosatom, Roscosmos, Minpromtorg, FMBA of Russia, and others. - Sheets with records containing information with individual dose received by any worker in the nuclear industry as a result of occupational exposure. - Individual radiation passport for the itinerant workers within Concern Rosenergoatom started from 2011.

28 Federal Databank of FMBA of Russia ROSATOM The State Atomic Energy Corporation FMBA of Russia Medical facilities ROSCOSMOS Russian Federal Space Agency Industries of Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Department MINPROMTORG of Russia SRC Scientific Research Centers OTHER

29 Forms of state statistical reports of Federal Databank #1-DOZ #2-DOZ #3-DOZ #4-DOZ

30 Value of the dose. msv Average individual annual doses of the workers in ROSATOM ROSCOSMOS SRC MINPROMTORG FMBA of Russia OTHER TOTAL Number of the workers with doses exceeded 20mSv/y in

31 Acknowledgments Concern Rosenergoatom Dr. Boris A. Bezrukov Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia Dr. Oleg A. Kochetkov Dr. Svetlana G. Monastyrskaya Dr. Alexander G. Tsovyanov

32 Thank you for your attention!