Computer-Integrated Manufacturing

Transcription

1 Supplement F Supplement F Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Computer-Integrated Manufacturing TRUE/FALSE 1. Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is an umbrella term for the total integration of product design and engineering, process planning, and manufacturing by means of complex computer systems. Answer: True Reference: Introduction Difficulty: Easy Keywords: CIM, computer integrated, manufacturing 2. CAM is an electronic system for designing new parts or products or altering existing ones. Answer: False Keywords: CAM, computer, aided, manufacturing 3. Numerically controlled machines are the most commonly used form of flexible automation. Answer: True Reference: Numerically Controlled Machines Keywords: numerically, controlled, NC, flexible, programmable, automation 4. Computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines are stand-alone pieces of equipment controlled by a central microprocessor. Answer: False Reference: Numerically Controlled Machines Keywords: computer, numerically, controlled, CNC 5. Industrial robots are versatile computer-controlled machines programmed to perform various tasks. Answer: True Keywords: industrial, robot, computer, control 661

2 6. AGVs are small, driverless, battery-driven trucks that move materials between operations, following instructions from either an on-board or a central computer. Answer: True Keywords: AGV, automated, guided, vehicles 7. A flexible manufacturing cell consists of one or a very small group of NC machines that may or may not be linked to a materials-handling mechanism. Answer: True Keywords: flexible, manufacturing, system 8. A flexible manufacturing cell is a smaller version of a flexible manufacturing system with one or a very small group of NC machines and a material handling system controlled by a computer. Answer: False Keywords: flexible, manufacturing, system, cell MULTIPLE CHOICE 9. Which one of the following descriptions about computer-integrated manufacturing is NOT true? a. Computer-aided design (CAD) comes under the umbrella of CIM. b. Computer-integrated manufacturing is a term for an automatic process that can be reprogrammed to handle various products. c. Computer-integrated manufacturing is the total integration of product design and engineering, process planning, and manufacturing by means of complex computer systems. d. Less-comprehensive, computerized control or scheduling is often considered part of computerintegrated manufacturing. Answer: b Reference: Introduction 10. What is CIM s ultimate goal? a. Computerized integration of partial phases of manufacturing b. Computerized integration from initial customer order to final shipment c. Computerized integration of inventory control d. Manufacture of a wide variety of products with frequent human intervention Answer: b Reference: Introduction 662

3 11. Which of these statements about CIM is FALSE? a. CIM is of little benefit to a manufacturing firm that pays high wages. b. Over 40 percent of U.S. manufacturing companies are using one or more elements of CIM. c. Less than 1 percent of U.S. manufacturing companies have approached full-scale use of CIM. d. CIM is an umbrella term for total integration of product design and engineering, process planning, and manufacturing by computer systems. Reference: Introduction 12. Which one of the following results best describes the purpose of CIM technologies? a. Increased productivity b. Improved quality c. Increased flexibility d. All of these Reference: Introduction 13. Which of the following is NOT typically considered part of CIM? a. CAD b. NC machines c. Robots d. DOT Reference: Multiple sections 14. Which one of the following is NOT typically considered part of CIM? a. Computerized systems for production planning or inventory control b. Electronic data interchange c. Computer systems for product design and engineering d. Robots and NC machines Answer: b Reference: Multiple sections 15. Which one of the following is a typical benefit of computer-aided design? a. Setup time is reduced. b. Machines can be grouped according to function. c. Work-in-process inventory is lower. d. Products can be designed without hand drafting. Keywords: computer, aided, design, CAD 663

4 16. Which one of the following is the heart of CAD? a. A powerful desktop computer and mathematical software for inventory control b. A powerful desktop computer and graphics software to allow a designer to manipulate geometric shapes c. Graphics software to test and simulate new facility location patterns d. The drawings and display monitor Answer: b Keywords: CAD, computer, aided, design 17. Which one of the following statements about computer-aided design is NOT true? a. The designer creates drawings on a display monitor and instructs the computer to show several views of the subject according to the specific dimensions. b. The computer can simulate the reaction of a part to strength and stress tests. c. Analysts can use CAD to store, retrieve, and classify data about various parts. d. Analysts can use the system to identify new EDI applications. Keywords: CAD, computer, aided, design 18. Which one of the following statements about CAD/CAM systems is NOT true? a. A CAD/CAM system links computerized product design and production engineering functions. b. The system translates final design specifications directly into detailed machine instructions for manufacturing the part. c. It avoids duplication of efforts between engineering and manufacturing. d. The systems help identify better facility layouts, thus improving shop coordination. Keywords: CAD, CAM, CAD/CAM, computer, aided, design, manufacturing 19. Which one of the following statements is NOT true? a. NC machines were first developed in the early 1950s at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology through research sponsored by the U.S. Air Force. b. Since the early 1980s, Japanese industry has spent a considerable amount on factory automation, particularly CNC machines. c. NC machines are large machine tools best suited to produce large batches of intricate parts. d. By following a preprogrammed sequence of instructions, NC machines can drill, turn, bore, or mill many different parts in various sizes and shapes. Answer: c Reference: Numerically Controlled Machines Keywords: NC, numerical, control 664

5 20. Which of the following statements about NC and CNC systems is best? a. The NC machines were first developed in the early 1960s in Japan. b. NC machines are small tools programmed to produce large batches of simple parts. c. CNC systems are newer NC models that are controlled by their own minicomputer. d. NC machines are large machine tools best suited to produce large batches of intricate parts. Answer: c Reference: Numerically Controlled Machines Keywords: NC, CNC, computer, numerical, control 21. Which of the following statements regarding technological choice is best? a. An FMS generally integrates workstations with a computer-controlled transport system for moving materials and parts. b. A numerically controlled machine is a very efficient technology, particularly for a high-volume production process. c. FMS is the most attractive technology for a high-volume assembly operation. d. Industrial robots are quite limited in the tasks they can perform. Reference: Multiple sections 22. Which one of the following is a computerized design process for creating new parts or products or altering existing ones? a. Computer-aided design b. NC machines c. Industrial robots d. Programmable automation Reference: Multiple sections Keywords: CAD, computer, aided, design 23. Which of the following statements about industrial robots is NOT true? a. The first industrial robot joined the GM production line in b. Industrial robots are computer-controlled. c. Most robots are mobile and glide on tractor belts. d. There are six standard movements of a robot s arm. Answer: c Keywords: industrial, robot 665

6 24. Which country or region uses the most industrial robots? a. Europe b. United States c. South America d. Japan Keywords: industrial, robot 25. Which one of the following statements about industrial robots is NOT true? a. One of the problems with robot utilization is increased materials waste. b. Second-generation robots can be equipped with sensors that simulate touch and sight. c. Industrial robots are versatile, computer-controlled machines programmed to perform various tasks. d. Most robots are stationary and mounted on the floor, with an arm that can reach into difficult locations. Keywords: industrial, robot 26. Which one of the following is NOT a possible benefit from robot installation? a. Less waste materials b. More consistent quality c. Longer lead time d. Accepting zero wages and performing hazardous tasks without complaint Answer: c Keywords: industrial, robot 27. Which of the following is NOT a movement of a robot s arm? a. Yaw b. Roll c. Pitch d. Reach Difficulty: Hard Keywords: industrial, robot, movement, arm 666

7 28. Which one of the following statements about materials handling is best? a. Variability in job paths usually means that workers must move materials in open-top containers. b. With line-flow strategy, the flow of materials is very jumbled and does not lend itself to automation. c. With flexible-flow strategy, materials handling is usually accomplished with as little worker intervention as possible. d. Materials-handling processes in which a line-flow strategy exists usually resist automation because each job is unique in the path it follows. Keywords: material, handling, automated 29. Which of these statements about materials-handling is best? a. Materials-handling automation is always justifiable. b. Moving, handling, and storing materials add value to the product if done correctly. c. Materials-handling is not a concern in a service operation. d. Moving, handling, and storing materials take time. Keywords: materials, handling 30. Which one of the following statements on an automated guided vehicle (AGV) is NOT true? a. An AGV is a large, gas-driven truck that allows the operator to move materials efficiently between operations. b. Some AGVs can now efficiently go anywhere as long as there is aisle space and a relatively smooth floor. c. The AGV s ability to route around problems such as production bottlenecks and transportation blockages helps avoid expensive, unpredictable shutdowns. d. AGVs give just-in-time delivery of parts, thus reducing stockpiles of expensive inventories throughout the plant. Keywords: automated, guided, vehicle, AGV 31. Which one of the following technologies is an automated method of storing and retrieving materials? a. AGV b. NC machines c. AS/RS d. Fixtures Answer: c Keywords: AS/RS, automated, storage, retrieval, system 667

8 32. Which of the following is not a component of a flexible manufacturing system? a. Electronic systems for designing new parts or products b. Several computer-controlled workstations that perform a series of operations c. Loading and unloading stations d. A computer-controlled transport system for moving materials and parts from one machine to another Difficulty: Easy Keywords: flexible, manufacturing, system, FMS 33. Which one of the following statements about an FMS is true? a. No human intervention is required to load or operate the system. b. Because an FMS does not require a large initial investment, it can be easily installed. c. Automated tool changing is actually slower than manual tool changing, but the system performs it without fatigue or error so the benefits are accrued over the long-term. d. Programs and tooling setups can be changed with almost no loss of production time. Keywords: FMS, flexible, manufacturing, system 34. Flexible Manufacturing Cells do NOT contain: a. a materials handling system. b. a single NC machine. c. a computer-controlled material handling system. d. a small group of NC machines. Answer: c Keywords: FMC, flexible, manufacturing, cell 35. The first FMS was introduced in the: a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s Keywords: FMS, flexible, manufacturing, system 668

9 36. Which one of the following statements about an FMC is true? a. It has a materials-handling system controlled by a computer. b. It has one or a very small group of NC machines. c. It has one or a very small group of CNC machines. d. There are more flexible manufacturing systems installed around the world than there are flexible manufacturing cells. Answer: b Keywords: FMS, FMC, flexible, manufacturing, system, cell 37. A product produced by an FMS reaches the end of its life cycle. The best use for the FMS at this point is to: a. convert it to a fixed automation system. b. retire it since the product will no longer be produced. c. move the system to a less-congested area of the plant so it can make repair parts as customers request them. d. reprogram it to produce another product. Keywords: FMS, flexible, manufacturing, system, product, life, cycle FILL IN THE BLANK 38. is an umbrella term for the total integration of product design and engineering, process planning, and manufacturing by means of complex computer systems. Answer: Computer-integrated manufacturing, CIM Reference: Introduction Difficulty: Easy 39. is an electronic system for designing new parts or products or altering existing ones, replacing drafting traditionally done by hand. Answer: Computer-aided design, CAD Keywords: CAD, computer, aided, design 40. A(n) integrates the design and manufacturing functions by translating final design specifications into detailed machine instructions for manufacturing an item. Answer: CAD/CAM system Keywords: CAD/CAM, CAD, CAM, computer, aided, manufacturing, design 669

10 41. are large machine tools programmed to produce small- to medium-sized batches of intricate parts. Answer: Numerically controlled (NC) machines Reference: Numerically Controlled Machines Keywords: NC, numerically, controlled 42. are stand-alone pieces of equipment, each controlled by its own microcomputer. Answer: Computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines Reference: Numerically Controlled Machines Keywords: CNC, computer, numerically, controlled 43. are versatile, computer-controlled machines programmed to perform various tasks. Answer: Industrial robots Difficulty: Easy Keywords: industrial, robot, computer, controlled 44. is the process of moving, packaging, and storing a product. Answer: Materials handling Keywords: materials, handling 45. are small, driverless, battery-driven trucks that move material between operations, following instructions from either an on-board or central computer. Answer: Automated guided vehicles, AGVs Keywords: AGV, automated, guided, vehicle 46. A(n) is a computer-controlled method of sorting and retrieving materials and tools using racks, bins, and stackers. utomated storage and retrieval system, AS/RS Keywords: AS/RS, automated, storage, retrieval, system 47. A(n) provides a way for a manufacturer to synchronize activities and maximize utilization by automatically handling and machine loading materials at computer-controlled workstations. Answer: flexible manufacturing system, FMS Keywords: FMS, flexible, manufacturing, system 670

11 48. A(n) consists of one or a very small group of NC machines that may or may not be linked to a materials-handling mechanism. Answer: flexible manufacturing cell, FMC Keywords: FMC, flexible, manufacturing, cell SHORT ANSWERS 49. Describe the impact a CAD/CAM system has on a manufacturer s ability to compete on quality, cost, flexibility and time. Answer: A CAD/CAM system integrates the design and manufacturing function by translating final design specifications into detailed machine instructions for manufacturing an item. CAD/CAM can help a manufacturer improve quality by virtue of the direct integration it provides between design and manufacturing instructions; the manufacturer achieves true WYSIWYG capability. Cost is reduced by eliminating duplication of existing designs; a parts designer can mine a parts database for an existing part or modify an existing part. The CAM system can improve materials flow, which also reduces cost. The CAD/CAM system improves flexibility; some garment manufacturers are offering custom-fit clothes based on measurements that feed directly into their systems. The design and process time is reduced; from reducing the need for from scratch designs to the translation to machine instructions to increased flow of materials, a CAD/CAM system cuts time from a more labor-intensive process. Keywords: CAD, CAM, computer, aided, design, manufacturing, 50. Which computer-aided function, CAD or CAM, has resulted in the greatest productivity boost for manufacturers? Answer: Answers will vary. Keywords: CAD, CAM, computer, aided, design, manufacturing, 51. Briefly describe two types of flexible automation for materials handling. Answer: AGV (automated guided vehicles) are small, driverless, battery-driven trucks that move material between operations, following instructions from either an on-board or a central computer. AS/RS (automated storage and retrieval systems) are computer-controlled methods of storing and retrieving materials and tools using racks, bins, and stackers. Keywords: AGV, automated, guided, vehicles, AS/RS, storage, retrieval, system 671

12 52. What are the functions of and differences between a flexible manufacturing system and a flexible manufacturing cell? Answer: A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is a configuration of computer-controlled, semi-independent workstations where materials are automatically handled and machine loaded. The key components of an FMS are several computer-controlled workstations that perform a series of operations, a computer-controlled transport system for moving materials and parts from one machine to another in and out of the system, and loading and unloading systems. A flexible manufacturing cell (FMC) is a scaled-down version of an FMS; it consists of one or a very small group of NC machines that may or may not be linked to a materials-handling mechanism. The FMC doesn t have a materials-handling system controlled by computer, as does the more sophisticated FMS. Difficulty: Easy Keywords: FMS, FMC, flexible, manufacturing, system, cell 53. How can CAD, CAM, or FMS be used in a service enterprise? Answer: Answers will vary but some examples might include a drive-through automated car wash, copy machines that can collate, staple, and three hole punch at a user s request, other elaborate vending machines. My mind is a blank, but by the time proofreading rolls around I ll hopefully have more examples. Reference: Multiple Sections Difficulty: Easy Keywords: FMS, FMC, flexible, manufacturing, system, cell, CAD, CAM, computer, aided, manufacturing, design 672