Welcome to Hazmat Driver: Training for Safe Transport.

Transcription

1 Lesson 1: Introduction Welcome to Hazmat Driver: Training for Safe Transport. 2 Learning online might be tricky if you're not sure how to navigate this site. To be sure you get the learning you need from this course, read the following Navigation pages carefully. Page-by-page navigation icons appear in the lower right-hand corner. You can move forward one page by selecting Next. Select Next now to continue. 3 A standard design frames every page of the course. You will always find the Table of Contents in the drop-down menu along the top of the screen. Run your mouse over the list of lessons at the top of the screen and you will see these drop-down boxes. Your first time through the course, you can look at the contents in these drop-down boxes, but you will not be able to skip ahead. After you go through the course once, you can use the Table of Contents to skip around and review for the exam. 4 Your progress through the course is tracked. If you must leave at any time, don't worry. You will be taken back to the same screen when you return. Audio On/Off allows you to disable audio for the course. 5 If you are taking the course in an area where you cannot hear the audio, you can download a printable audio transcript by selecting Transcript. The Resources link appears when additional learning tools like printable documents or web links are provided. Click Resources now to visit J.J. Keller's web site. The site will open in a new browser window and will not interfere with your movement through this course. Simply close the new browser window to return to the course. Page 1 of 34

2 6 If you had trouble opening the J.J. Keller link, you may have a pop-up blocker. This course will not work correctly unless all browser-based and third-party pop-up blockers are disabled. If you're uncomfortable making any of these changes yourself, ask your supervisor or technology expert for help. 7 Web designers don't have much control over the size of the text font. To increase the size of the text in this course you must change the font display standard in your web browser. If you're uncomfortable making any of these changes yourself, ask your supervisor or technology expert for help. Many parts of this course will feature video. The video player controls are detailed in the image to the right. The timer counts down from the total video length. 8 The video can be played in two different speeds. Select the faster speed for a better-quality video. Select the slower speed if traffic on your network is heavy. Now that you know how to use the video player, select Next to get started with the course! 9 When you select Next, you will begin the pretest for this course. Your score will be reported to you, but will not be recorded. There are 10 questions in this pretest. 11 Materials that pose an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property during transportation in commerce are known as hazardous materials. Materials that are considered hazardous possess one or more dangerous properties or "hazard characteristics." Some hazardous materials have explosive, reactive, or flammable properties. Some cause severe burns on contact with skin, are poisonous when ingested, or are poisonous when the material's vapors are inhaled. Whatever the hazard, these materials can injure--and sometimes kill--if not handled and transported properly. Page 2 of 34

3 12 For your safety and the safety of others, the Department of Transportation or (DOT) developed special transportation and handling requirements. These requirements known as the Hazardous Materials Regulations, or HMR must be followed each time a hazardous material is offered for transportation or transported in commerce. These regulations can be found in Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR), Parts To emphasize the importance of these regulations, the DOT is very strict about enforcement. For minor violations, you could be placed "out of service." For willful violations, penalties could include jail time. This course will explain the basic requirements of the regulations. It will also review your key responsibilities. 14 The training you re about to take on safe hazardous materials transportation is important because the consequences of a mistake can be considerable fines, damage to property, damage to the environment, even loss of life. And under the Compliance, Safety and Accountability (or CSA) program, how you handle hazardous materials can have a big impact on your and your carrier s BASICs Scores. CSA is a program established by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (or FMCSA) to improve motor carrier safety. 15 The CSA program is a system for gathering data about drivers and carriers. The data are used to generate a score that allows the FMCSA to judge and compare safety performance. The idea is that drivers and carriers with high scores are more likely to be involved in a crash than drivers and carriers with low scores. By taking enforcement actions against those with high scores, the FMCSA can help drivers and carriers reduce the number of crashes that occur. Page 3 of 34

4 16 The CSA system relies on four components to achieve the goal of fewer crashes: Data collection Safety measurement Safety evaluation Intervention We ll look at these components individually. 17 Data collection is initiated whenever you have contact with a trained officer who files a roadside inspection report. This can be an inspection that takes place at a weigh station, one that occurs as the result of a traffic stop, or one that follows a crash. The important thing to remember is that the officer must be specifically trained to conduct roadside inspections and that he or she must file a roadside inspection report. 18 When the inspection report is filed, it becomes part of the FMCSA database. This is where the second component of CSA, safety measurement, takes place. To start the safety measurement process, the inspection reports and all of the violations in them are assigned to the correct carrier and driver. If there are no violations on the report, the inspection is still assigned to the carrier and driver and will be used later on in the scoring process. If there are violations, the safety measurement component includes placing those violations into categories and giving them numerical values. 19 The seven categories within CSA are referred to as BASICs, which stands for Behavior Analysis and Safety Improvement Categories. Each of the seven BASICs addresses specific types of violations as they relate to FMCSA regulations and to the behaviors that are associated with causing crashes. For example, the Unsafe Driving BASIC includes such violations as speeding, following too close and reckless driving. The Vehicle Maintenance BASIC includes violations involving vehicle defects. Examples include lights not working and a defective coupling device. Page 4 of 34

5 20 After a violation is placed in the correct category or BASIC, it is assigned a numerical value based on the violation s association with crash causation. This is called severity weighting. It is also assigned a numerical value based on how recently the violation occurred. This is called time weighting. For example, if you received a violation under the Cargo Related BASIC for "hazardous materials not secured," that violation would be assigned a severity weight of 10 because the consequences of a crash can be so significant. If the violation occurred in the last 12 months, it would carry the highest time weight possible, To compare your and your carrier s violations with the violations of other drivers and carriers, the FMCSA gathers all driver and carrier violations, performs an analysis, then compares the results. This comparison is used to rank drivers and carriers with violations and this ranking determines the driver s and carrier s BASIC Scores. These scores are used in the third component of CSA, safety evaluation. For carriers, this evaluation takes place once per month. For drivers, an evaluation is triggered when their carrier is selected for an investigative intervention. 23 Those carriers whose score during the safety evaluation component exceeds a pre-determined threshold are subject to the fourth component of CSA: intervention. The goal is to identify drivers and carriers whose behaviors indicate an increased risk for crashes and to work with those drivers and carriers to correct problems and improve compliance and safety. 24 An intervention can begin with a warning letter that puts the carrier on notice that a problem has been identified and must be corrected. This is the first level of intervention. At the opposite extreme, the FMCSA can take action that puts a carrier out of business. Between these two extremes are a number of interventions that places carriers under much closer scrutiny until problems are corrected. Page 5 of 34

6 25 CSA offers a comprehensive, data-driven approach to correcting the behaviors that have been proven to contribute to crashes. For drivers and carriers, your goal, as always, is to drive safely and in compliance. Under CSA, your success at achieving this goal will be measured over time and your low score will confirm that you are part of a safe and professional organization. How do you use your knowledge of HazMat transportation to achieve a low BASIC Score? You re about to take a good first step: training. One key to achieving low driver and carrier scores in any BASIC is adding to your knowledge with regular training. 27 For the Cargo Related BASIC, this means understanding the HazMat Regulations, learning and practicing techniques for verifying packaging, labeling and marking, securing hazardous loads, and verifying that the shipment documentation meets the regulatory requirements. For the Driver Fitness BASIC, it means having the training and endorsements required for the loads you are carrying and the type of vehicle you are driving. One of the keys to remaining violation-free when transporting hazardous materials is to have your shipping papers in order. 28 The regs require that your papers include the proper description of the hazardous materials you re transporting, as well as the number and types of packages you re transporting. Some of this information can be found in the HazMat Table of the regs, and some will be supplied by the shipper. Your papers should also have an emergency telephone number for more information about the material. Page 6 of 34

7 29 Your papers should include emergency response information as well and must be with you, readily available, at all times. This means in the cab, visible, and within reach, while you re wearing your seat belt, or on the driver s seat or in a pouch on the driver s door when you re not in the cab. Most of the documentation violations found in the Cargo Related BASIC have a low severity weight. But these violations can quickly add up to result in a high Cargo Related BASIC Score if you re not vigilant about confirming proper documentation for your hazardous loads. 30 Driving a CMV is already a significant responsibility, but transporting hazardous materials requires an additional layer of knowledge and attention to detail. By applying the information you re about to learn, and by meeting HazMat requirements consistently and conscientiously, you can ensure low scores in the Cargo Related and Driver Fitness BASICs. Lesson 2: Regulations & Classification 2 Before you transport hazardous materials, you must obtain the appropriate CDL license endorsements, as required. This way, the DOT can be sure that you have the knowledge and skills needed to transport hazmat safely. A valid Commercial Driver's License (or CDL) is required to operate a commercial motor vehicle, or CMV. A CMV is a vehicle that: 3 weighs 26,001 pounds or more, or 11,794 kilograms or more; carries hazardous materials that require placards, or, is designed or used to carry 16 or more persons (including the driver). 4 Generally, a hazmat endorsement is needed to transport placarded quantities of hazardous materials. A tanker endorsement is needed to operate a tank vehicle that is, a vehicle used for transporting liquids or gases in bulk. This does not include portable tanks with a capacity under 1,000 gallons. Page 7 of 34

8 5 Depending on the types and quantities of hazardous materials you transport, your carrier may be subject to the National Registration Program. In this case, you must carry "proof" of registration in your vehicle each time you transport a material that requires registration. Materials which require registration include: 6 Any highway route-controlled quantity of a Class 7 (radioactive) material. More than 55 pounds (or 25 kilograms) of a Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 (explosive) material. More than 1.06 quarts (or 1 liter) per package of a material extremely toxic by inhalation (this includes materials in Division 2.3, Hazard Zone A or Division 6.1, Hazard Zone A). Materials which require registration include: 7 A hazardous material in a bulk packaging having a capacity of 3,500 gallons (or 13,248 liters) or more for liquids or gases, or more than 468 cubic feet (or cubic meters) for solids. A shipment not in a bulk packaging of 5,000 pounds (or 2,268 kilograms) gross weight or more of one class of materials for which placards are required. Any quantity of hazardous material that requires placarding, except farmers in direct support of farming operations. 8 In addition to the National Registration Program, some states require registration, or a permit, or a license to transport certain types and quantities of hazardous materials. Your carrier may be subject to these and should inform you if they apply to your load. 9 Hazardous materials are materials that "are capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce." A material is considered hazardous if it: Meets one or more hazard class definitions; or, Is a hazardous substance, hazardous waste, marine pollutant, or elevated-temperature material. Page 8 of 34

9 10 Despite their hazards, these materials can be handled and transported safely if properly classified. This is because a hazardous material's classification determines how it will be packaged and identified. It also helps to determine what precautions must be taken during handling, transport, storage, and emergency response. While the shipper is responsible for classification, your job requires that you know the hazards of the hazmat you transport. 11 To simplify the many handling and transport requirements, the DOT created hazard classes and divisions. These enable hazardous materials to be "grouped'' by hazard type. There are nine classes. Class 1 contains explosives. Explosives are products that are made for the sole purpose of creating explosions or pyrotechnic effects. Class 1 contains six divisions. Division 1.1 contains explosives that have a mass explosion hazard (for example, the explosion affects almost the entire load simultaneously). 12 Division 1.2 contains explosives that have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard. Division 1.3 contains explosives that have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard, or both, but not a mass explosion hazard. 13 Division 1.4 contains explosives that present a minor blast hazard (i.e., the explosive effects are largely confined to the package). Division 1.5 contains substances that have a mass explosion hazard, but are so insensitive that there is little probability of initiation, or of transition from burning to detonation under normal circumstances of transportation. 14 Division 1.6 contains detonating substances that are extremely insensitive and have little probability of accidental initiation or propagation. Page 9 of 34

10 Class 2 contains gases. Gases are products that are transported under pressure. Some gases are also flammable or poisonous. 15 Division 2.1 contains gases that have flammable properties and are likely to form explosive mixtures with air. Division 2.2 contains gases that are non-flammable and non-poisonous. They are hazardous only because they are contained under pressure. 16 Division 2.3 contains gases that are poisonous by inhalation. Inhalation or exposure could cause serious illness or even death. 17 Class 3 contains flammable liquids. Flammable liquids are liquids that have a flash point of not more than 140ºF (or 60ºC). A "flash point" is the lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air. Combustible liquids have a flash point above 140ºF (or 60ºC) and below 200ºF (or 93ºC). Class 4 contains flammable solids. Flammable solids are materials that are easily ignited, are spontaneously combustible, or react with water to emit flammable gases. 18 Division 4.1 contains materials that ignite easily and burn vigorously even without oxygen (air). Division 4.2 contains materials that may ignite spontaneously, without a source of ignition. 19 Division 4.3 contains materials that react with water, and as a result, emit combustible gases or become spontaneously combustible. 20 Class 5 contains oxidizers and organic peroxides. Oxidizers and organic peroxides are materials that act as a source of oxygen. This means they increase the risk and intensity of any fire in which they are involved, even though they may not burn on their own. Page 10 of 34

11 21 Division 5.1 contains materials that give off oxygen, thereby promoting the combustion of flammable materials. Division 5.2 contains materials that are highly unstable. They are especially dangerous because they contain both oxygen and combustible material. 22 Class 6 contains poisonous or toxic materials. Poisonous or toxic materials are solids or liquids that are poisonous or infectious. Division 6.1 contains Inhalation Hazards, materials that produce dusts or mists that are poisonous by inhalation. Division 6.1 also contains materials that are poisonous by skin absorption or ingestion. These materials are not poisonous by inhalation. 23 Note that the word "TOXIC" may be used in place of "POISON." Note that the text "PG III" may be used in place of the word "POISON" for materials in Packing Group III. 24 Division 6.2 contains organisms (such as viruses, fungi, and bacteria) that cause disease in humans or animals. 26 Class 7 contains radioactive materials. Radioactive materials are products that are dangerous because they emit radiation or sub-atomic particles. Four labels are used to differentiate these materials according to their level and source of radioactive emissions. 27 Class 8 contains corrosives. Corrosives are liquids or solids that cause full thickness destruction of human skin at the site of contact, or liquids that have a severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum. 28 Class 9 contains Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials. This category is reserved for products that have an anesthetic, noxious, or other similar property, or meet the DOT's definition of a hazardous substance, hazardous waste, marine pollutant, or elevated-temperature material. Page 11 of 34

12 29 Consumer Commodities (or ORM-Ds) are a category of products that contain hazardous materials, but present a limited hazard during transportation due to their form, quantity, and packaging. ORM-D is not a hazard class. It is a category made up of hazardous materials from hazard classes that meet certain quantity limits, only pose a slight risk during transportation, and are intended or suitable for retail sale to individuals for personal care or household use. Packing groups are assigned to most hazardous materials except Class 2 (gases), Class 7 (radioactive), ORM-D materials, and some Division 6.2 (infectious substances) and Class 9 (miscellaneous) materials. 31 Hazardous materials are assigned to one of three packing groups: Packing Group I Great danger; Packing Group II Medium danger; and Packing Group III Minor danger. 32 Packing groups affect the type of packaging that can be used. The more hazardous a material is, the more stringent the packaging requirements will be. 34 The proper shipping names that can be used for transportation of hazardous materials are listed in the Hazardous Materials Table. This table which can be found in 49 CFR [pronounced ''Forty-nine CFR One-seventy-two point one-oh-one of the regulations''] of the regulations also provides information that is needed to prepare hazardous materials for transportation. The shipper is responsible for packaging materials and preparing the necessary paperwork. However, it is important that you be familiar with the information the Hazardous Materials Table provides. 35 The Hazardous Materials (or Hazmat) Table is a list of all the proper shipping names which can be used to describe materials transported in the U.S. It provides essential information and guidelines on how hazmat must be shipped. Page 12 of 34

13 To learn more about the contents of the Hazardous Materials Table, select Play. To download a sample page of the Hazardous Materials Table, select Resources. 36 VIDEO: The Hazmat Table also lists the hazard class or division, UN or NA identification number, the packing group, required labels and special provisions that correspond with each proper shipping name. Other columns of the Table provide HMR section references for packaging information and maximum quantities for shipping by air and rail. 38 The list of hazardous substances can be found in Appendix A to 49 CFR following the Hazardous Materials Table. This list identifies substances that are considered by the Environmental Protection Agency (or EPA) to be hazardous to the environment. The list identifies the hazardous substance in the first column, followed by the reportable quantity in the second column. The DOT considers a material a hazardous substance when: 39 It is listed in Appendix A; and, The amount of the material transported in one package meets or exceeds the reportable quantity listed in Appendix A. 40 Hazardous substances must be identified on shipping papers and packagings with the letters "RQ." Note that any hazardous substance listed in Appendix A that meets or exceeds the RQ in one package is automatically considered a hazardous material by the DOT. Page 13 of 34

14 The List of Marine Pollutants can be found in Appendix B to 49 CFR following the List of Hazardous Substances. It contains materials that are known to kill or retard the growth of marine life. 41 Because these materials pose a risk to the marine environment, special requirements apply when they are offered for transport by vessel. One such requirement is for packagings to display the marine pollutant mark when required. When you select Next, you will begin the test for this lesson. There are 5 questions in this test. Your score will be recorded. 42 If you do not get at least three questions correct, you will be advised to review the lesson and take the lesson test again. You get three chances to retake the lesson test. If your score goes down when you retake the test, don't worry, it will not be recorded. Lesson 3: Documentation 2 Although there are a few exceptions, such as for a consumer commodity, shipping papers are required for most hazardous material shipments. They provide detailed information about what is being transported and what hazards are involved. While they must be completed by the shipper, you need to know the basic requirements. This is because you may only accept shipments that are accompanied by properly completed shipping papers. The format of the shipping paper may vary from one shipper to the next. However, all are required to include the following for each hazardous material listed: 3 Identification number; Proper shipping name; Hazard class or division number; The subsidiary hazard class or division number entered in parentheses; Packing group, if any; Total quantity, by weight or by capacity of the container; and, The number and type of packages. Page 14 of 34

15 The first five items, the identification number, the proper shipping name, hazard class or division number, subsidiary hazard class or division number, and packing group, are the material s basic description. This basic description must be shown in sequence. 4 The HMR also permits the use of an alternate sequence where the proper shipping name is entered first (until 2013). Most of this information can be found in Columns 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the Hazardous Materials Table. The total quantity may be placed either before or after this description. To see a sample shipping paper with a hazardous substance listing select Resources. Since hazardous materials often require extra handling precautions, it is important that they are easily identified. If the shipping paper includes entries for both hazardous and non-hazardous materials, the hazardous entries must be: 5 Listed first; Marked with an ''X'' or ''RQ'' in the HM column; or, Entered in a contrasting color. Note that hazardous materials entries may be highlighted only on copies of the shipping paper. Shipping papers are required to have a statement to certify that the hazardous materials have been properly prepared for transport. 6 The most commonly used shipper s certification states that the hazardous material has been "properly classified, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and is in proper condition for transportation." This certification statement must be signed by the shipper at the time of shipment. 7 A certification statement is not required (except for a hazardous waste) when a cargo tank is supplied by the carrier, or when the shipper operates as a private carrier unless the material is to be reshipped or transferred from one carrier to another. Page 15 of 34

16 Another requirement for shipping papers is an emergency response telephone number that can be called in the event of a leak, spill, or incident. 9 Note that this number must be monitored at all times while the hazardous material is being transported. The person monitoring must have knowledge of the material s hazards and characteristics, as well as the appropriate emergency procedures. An emergency response telephone number is not required for shipments of limited quantities and certain miscellaneous materials identified in 49 CFR of the HMR. 10 If a material is described using a proper shipping name that is preceded by the symbol "G" in column 1 of the Hazardous Materials Table, the technical name(s) of the hazardous component(s) must be entered in parentheses as part of the shipping description. 11 If a material is a hazardous substance, the letters "RQ" must be entered before or after the basic description, or in the HM column. 12 If a material poses an inhalation hazard, the words "Poison-Inhalation Hazard" or "Toxic- Inhalation Hazard" must be entered immediately following the shipping description. This must be followed by a designation of "Zone A, B, C, or D" for gases, or "Zone A or B" for liquids. The word ''Poison'' or ''Toxic'' need not be repeated if it otherwise appears in the shipping description. 13 If a hazardous material is shipped under a limited quantity exception, the words "Limited Quantity" or the abbreviation "Ltd. Qty." will be entered following the basic description. If a hazardous material is a mixture or solution, the technical names of the two main components contributing to the hazards of the mixture or solution must be listed in parentheses as part of the shipping description. Page 16 of 34

17 If you have any questions about the information provided, ask the shipper or contact your dispatcher. Remember, any problems with the shipping paper must be resolved before you move your loaded vehicle. To review the basic contents of a shipping paper, select Play. 14 VIDEO: 38 seconds The items that make up the basic description must appear in this order: ID number, proper shipping name, hazard class or division, subsidiary hazard class or division in parentheses, and packing group. Until 2013, an alternate sequence may be used, putting the shipping name first. This information can usually be found in Columns 2 through 6 of the Hazmat Table. Also, the total quantity of the hazardous material is required on the shipping paper. Beginning October 1, 2007, the number and type of packages must be indicated. The shipper must also provide emergency response information for each hazardous material listed on the shipping paper. At minimum, it must include: 15 Basic description and technical name(s) of the hazardous material; Immediate hazards to health; Risks of fire or explosion; Immediate precautions to be taken in the event of an accident or incident; Immediate methods for handling fires; Initial methods for handling spills or leaks in the absence of fire; and, Preliminary first aid measures. How emergency response information is provided is left up to the shipper. 16 The shipper may list the emergency response information directly on the shipping papers. The shipper may provide the information in a different document such as a copy of the Emergency Response Guidebook this guidebook crossreferences the description of the hazardous material on the shipping paper with emergency response information. Page 17 of 34

18 17 The shipper may provide the information in a different document such as the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet or MSDS that includes both the basic description and technical name(s) of the hazardous material and the emergency response information required. Shipping papers are of little use if they can t be located when needed. Make sure they are available in case of an inspection or emergency situation. 18 Tab them or place them on top of all other papers. Keep them within arm's reach and readily visible while your safety belt is fastened or in a driver's side door pouch. You must also keep the emergency response information with the shipping papers at all times. 19 If you are transporting hazardous materials that require shipping papers, your carrier must instruct you to contact them (for example, by phone or radio) in the event of an incident involving the hazardous material. If your transport vehicle (your semi-trailer or freight container-on-chassis) contains hazardous materials that require shipping papers and the vehicle is separated from its power unit and parked at a location other than a facility operated by the consignor, or consignee, or your carrier, you must: 20 Mark the transport vehicle with your carrier s telephone number on the front exterior of the vehicle near the brake hose and electrical connections or on a label, tag, or sign attached to the vehicle in this location; or, Have the shipping paper and emergency response information readily available on the transport vehicle. Note that this requirement does not apply to an unattended vehicle separated from its power unit if it is marked with the identification number of each hazardous material it contains on an orange panel, a placard, or a plain white square-on-point configuration. The identification numbers must be visible on the outside of the motor vehicle. Page 18 of 34

19 When you select Next, you will begin the test for this lesson. There are 5 questions in this test. Your score will be recorded. 24 If you do not get at least three questions correct, you will be advised to review the lesson and take the lesson test again. You get three chances to retake the lesson test. If your score goes down when you retake the test, don't worry, it will not be recorded. Lesson 4: Packaging & Hazard Identification How a material is marked, labeled, and placarded will depend upon whether it is contained in a non-bulk or bulk packaging. Non-bulk packagings are those that: 2 For liquids, have a maximum capacity of 119 gallons (or 450 liters) or less. For solids, have a maximum net mass of 882 pounds (or 400 kilograms) or less and a maximum capacity of 119 gallons (or 450 liters) or less. For gases, have a water capacity of 1,000 pounds (or 454 kilograms) or less. Bulk packagings are those with no intermediate form of containment and that: 3 For liquids, have a maximum capacity greater than 119 gallons (450 liters). For solids, have a maximum net mass greater than 882 pounds (400 kilograms) and a maximum capacity greater than 119 gallons (450 liters). For gases, have a water capacity greater than 1,000 pounds (454 kilograms). 4 Most non-bulk quantities of hazardous materials must be shipped in performance-oriented packaging. This packaging is required to undergo extensive tests to ensure its reliability during transportation. This packaging can be identified by its manufacturer s UN marking. Page 19 of 34

20 6 There are a number of markings that the shipper must display on a package to provide information about the contents. The basic markings for most non-bulk packages of hazardous materials include: Proper shipping name; Identification number; and, Consignee's or consignor's name and address. 7 The consignee's or consignor's name and address is not required if the package is transported by highway only, by a single motor carrier. The consignee's or consignor's name and address is also not required if the package is part of a truckload shipment, and the entire shipment is being transported from one consignor to one consignee. Additional markings may be required depending on the material being transported. 9 For example, packagings which contain a reportable quantity of a hazardous substance must be marked with the letters "RQ" and if the proper shipping name marked on the packaging does not identify the hazardous substance, the technical name of the hazardous substance must be included in parentheses. 10 Non-bulk combination packages having inner packagings containing liquid hazardous materials, single packaging fitted with vents, or open cryogenic receptacles intended for the transport of refrigerated liquefied gases containing a liquid hazardous material must be marked with orientation arrows. Exceptions to this regulation are cylinders, leak-tight packagings, and hermetically sealed packagings. 11 Orientation arrows must be displayed on two opposite sides of the outer packaging with the arrows pointing in the correct upward direction. The arrows must be either black on white, red on white, or another suitable contrasting background. Arrows must also be commensurate with the size of the package. Depicting a rectangular border around the arrows is optional. Page 20 of 34

21 12 Packagings containing materials poisonous by inhalation (that do not display the appropriate Class 2 or Class 6 label with the words "INHALATION HAZARD") must be marked "INHALATION HAZARD" in association with the required labels. Before you accept any non-bulk packagings from the shipper check to see that the proper shipping name and identification number on the shipping paper match the markings on the package. The identification number is not required to be marked on a packaging that contains limited quantities. 13 Make sure the markings are clearly visible, in English, displayed on a background of contrasting color, and located away from other package markings. If you have any questions, be sure to ask the shipper or contact your dispatcher. 14 Although shipping papers are not required for packagings which contain a consumer commodity, the packagings must be marked "ORM-D" immediately following or below the proper shipping name. 15 All bulk packagings must be marked with the material's identification number. The identification number must be displayed on an orange panel, a primary hazard placard, or a white square-on-point configuration. The proper placement of the identification number will depend on the packaging. 16 If the packaging has a capacity of 1,000 gallons (or 3,785 liters) or more, or is a tube-trailer motor vehicle, the number must be displayed on each side and each end. If the packaging has a capacity of less than 1,000 gallons, the number must be displayed on two opposite sides. Page 21 of 34

22 Additional markings may be required depending on the packaging and the material being transported. 18 Portable tanks must be marked on two opposite sides with the material s proper shipping name. Portable tanks must also be marked with the owner or lessee's name. Cargo tanks used to transport gases (Class 2) must be marked on each side and each end with the proper shipping name or common name of the gas. 19 Materials that are poisonous by inhalation must be marked "INHALATION HAZARD" in association with the required labels, placards, or proper shipping name. If the words "INHALATION HAZARD" appear on the label or placard, the "INHALATION HAZARD" marking is not required on the package. It is the shipper s responsibility to determine the proper markings. 20 It is your responsibility to check to see that the markings match the shipping paper description. It is also your responsibility to properly display markings, or make sure they are properly displayed. This means they must be clearly visible, in English, and located away from other markings. Sometimes, an identification number is also required to be displayed on all four sides of the motor vehicle. The ID number marking indicates the vehicle contains: 21 Hazardous material that is in a bulk packaging, such as a cargo tank; Hazardous material that is in a bulk packaging such that the identification number marking on the packaging is not visible from the exterior of the transport vehicle; Hazardous material that is in non-bulk packaging totaling 8,820 pounds (or 4,000 kilograms) or more, is loaded at one location, all with the same proper shipping name and identification number, when nothing else is on board; or, Hazardous material that is a poison inhalation hazard in Zone A or B in non-bulk packages, with the same proper shipping name and identification number, with a total weight of 2,205 pounds (or 1,000 kilograms) or more, and is loaded at one location. Page 22 of 34

23 22 An identification number may be displayed on the appropriate placard (if allowed), an orange panel, or a white square-on-point configuration (a white diamond the same size as a placard). Note that an identification number may not be displayed on a RADIOACTIVE, EXPLOSIVES, DANGEROUS, or subsidiary hazard placard. Most non-bulk packagings must display hazard warning labels. Each diamond label must be at least 3.9 inches on each side. These are colorand symbol-coded labels that provide immediate warning of a material s hazards. There are two types: 23 Primary labels, which indicate a material's most hazardous property; and, Subsidiary labels, which indicate the other less hazardous properties. It is no longer a requirement to differentiate between primary and subsidiary risk labels. 24 When labels are required on a package, the shipper is required to affix the labels before offering the package for transport. You should not accept hazardous materials unless the required labels are affixed to the packages. Column 6 in the Hazardous Materials Table contains label codes that indicate what labels are required for each shipping name. If more than one label code is indicated in Column 6, the first one listed is for the primary label and any others are for subsidiary labels. 25 In most cases, labels must be printed on or attached to the package near the proper shipping name marking. Labels must be clearly visible and not obscured by markings or attachments. While the shipper is responsible for labeling, you must only accept packages that have been properly labeled. If you have any questions, ask the shipper or contact your dispatcher. Page 23 of 34

24 26 Placards are similar to labels in that they warn people of a material s hazards. Placards are larger (10.8 inches on each side) and must be displayed on bulk packagings and transport vehicles when required. Placards must be displayed on-point with the words or identification number displayed horizontally, reading from left to right. 27 Two tables are used to determine the appropriate placards for a hazardous material. To download a printable PDF of Table 1, select Resources. Table 1 materials must be placarded whenever any amount is transported. To download a printable PDF of Table 2, select Resources. 28 Except for bulk packagings and materials that require subsidiary placards, placards for Table 2 materials are only required if the gross weight of all Table 2 materials being transported is 1,001 pounds (or 454 kilograms) or more, including the packaging. Non-bulk packaging that contains only the residue of Table 2 materials does not have to be included in determining placarding. You may use the DANGEROUS placard instead of the placard specified for each category of Table 2 material when: 30 You have 1,001 pounds (or 454 kilograms) or more of Table 2 materials requiring different placards; and, You have not loaded 2,205 pounds (or 1,000 kilograms) or more of one category of Table 2 materials at one facility. Page 24 of 34

25 The following steps should be taken when determining if a DANGEROUS placard may be used: Check for the presence of any Table 1 materials. The DANGEROUS placard may not be used for Table 1 materials. 2. If only Table 2 materials are present, check that all are present in non-bulk packages. The DANGEROUS placard may not be used for bulk packages. 3. Check the total quantity of Table 2 materials present. If less than 1,001 pounds (or 454 kilograms) aggregate gross weight, placarding is not required. 4. Check the quantity of each material loaded at one facility. Any category of Table 2 material with an aggregate gross weight of 2,205 pounds (or 1,000 kilograms) or more loaded at one facility requires an individual placard. The DANGEROUS placard may be used to indicate the presence of other Table 2 materials that may also be present. 33 Placards for subsidiary hazards are required when certain hazardous materials are transported. The subsidiary placards that you will most likely encounter are DANGEROUS WHEN WET, POISON INHALATION HAZARD or POISON GAS, and CORROSIVE. Note that it is no longer a requirement to differentiate between primary and subsidiary risk placards. The shipper must provide you with the required placards. Your job is to do the following: 34 Make sure the placards are appropriate for the shipment. Securely affix them before you move your loaded vehicle. Replace any placards that become difficult to read or fall off during transport. Ensure that the placards remain in place until the hazardous materials have been unloaded, and the container or transport unit has been thoroughly cleaned. Page 25 of 34

26 When displaying placards, keep in mind that each placard must be: 35 Easily seen from the direction it faces. Placed at least 3 inches (or 7.6 centimeters) away from other markings. Positioned so that the words and numbers are horizontal. Located away from attachments and devices (such as ladders, doors, and tarps). Clean and free from damage. Within the prescribed color tolerances (not faded) and able to withstand a 30-day exposure to open weather conditions. When you select Next, you will begin the test for this lesson. There are 5 questions in this test. Your score will be recorded. 37 If you do not get at least three questions correct, you will be advised to review the lesson and take the lesson test again. You get three chances to retake the lesson test. If your score goes down when you retake the test, don't worry, it will not be recorded. Lesson 5: Handling, Transport, & Hazmat Incidents 2 Whenever you transport a mixed load, keep in mind that some materials can t be loaded together. This is because if they are mixed, they may trigger reactions that can be very dangerous to people and property. 3 The Hazardous Materials Regulations contain segregation requirements indicating hazardous materials that may not be loaded, transported, or stored together. Hazmat subject to the segregation requirements include packages requiring labels, a compartment within a multi-compartmented cargo tank, or a portable tank loaded in a transport vehicle or freight container. Page 26 of 34

27 Hazardous materials may not be loaded, transported, or stored together, except as provided in the Hazardous Materials Load and Segregation Chart. To download a printable PDF of the segregation chart, select Resources. 4 In addition to the segregation chart, cyanides, cyanide mixtures, and cyanide solutions may not be stored, loaded, or transported with acids if a mixture of the materials would generate hydrogen cyanide. Also, Division 4.2 materials may not be stored, loaded, and transported with Class 8 liquids. 5 To use the table, locate the two hazard classes or divisions of the materials you are loading one in the vertical column, the other in the horizontal row. (If the classes or divisions are not listed in the table, there are no restrictions.) Follow the column and row to the box where they intersect. The codes at the intersections on the segregation table are defined as follows: 6 Blank - The materials may be loaded or stored together. X - The materials may not be loaded or stored together. - The materials may not be loaded or stored together unless separated so that, in the event of leakage, there will be no mixing of the materials. However, Class 8 liquids may not be loaded above or adjacent to Class 4 or Class 5 materials, except when it is known that the mixture of the contents would not cause a fire or a dangerous evolution of heat or gas. - Class 1 (explosive) materials must be segregated in accordance with the Compatibility Table for Class 1 Materials. (See 49 CFR (f) of the regulations.) A - Ammonium nitrate (UN1942) and ammonium nitrate fertilizer may be loaded or stored with Division 1.1 or 1.5 materials. Page 27 of 34

28 There is very little risk involved in handling hazardous materials if you take the necessary precautions each time you load or unload your vehicle. 8 Keep your vehicle from moving when parked. Set the handbrake and chock the wheels. Secure all packages against shifting, including relative motion between packages. Take measures to protect packagings and their contents from tampering. 9 If loading or unloading a cargo tank, make sure that a "qualified" person is in "attendance." This person must be alert, be within 25 feet of the tank, and have an unobstructed view of the cargo tank and delivery hose to the maximum extent practicable. This person must also know the material's hazards, know appropriate emergency procedures, be authorized to move the tank and be able to do so. 10 Brace containers of explosives, flammables, oxidizers, corrosives, gases, and poisons to prevent motion between containers. Also, load them to protect valves and other fittings from damage. There are also several things you should NOT do when loading or unloading hazmat. 11 Don't smoke on or near a vehicle or carry any flame or a lighted cigar, pipe, or cigarette while loading or unloading explosives, oxidizers, or flammables. Don't use tools that could damage packages, containers, or their closures. 12 Don't load flammable and explosive materials in a cargo space that has a heater unit unless you follow all related rules. Don t load any containers that show signs of damage or are leaking. Page 28 of 34

29 The following materials require special precautions when they are being loaded or unloaded: 13 For explosives in Divisions 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3, use a non-metallic metal or non-ferrous metal floor lining. For radioactive materials, make sure the total "transport index" of all packagings in a single vehicle does not exceed 50. For flammables, turn off your engine and attach a ground wire. You may run the engine if it is needed to operate a pump. 14 These and requirements for other hazard classes and divisions can be found in 49 CFR Part 177 of the regulations. Before loading your vehicle, take time to review the requirements for the hazard classes in your shipment. Remember even if you are not the one to load your vehicle you are still responsible for making sure it is done correctly. 15 Some materials pose a significant health and safety risk if transported in large quantities. Others pose such a risk in any quantity because of their extremely hazardous nature. To protect the public, the DOT requires that you follow these rules each time you transport a marked or placarded load Avoid tunnels, narrow roads, narrow bridges, and heavily populated areas. Take other routes even if inconvenient unless there is no other way. Note that some localities may require permits to transport hazardous materials. Others may limit the routes you can use Never drive near open fires unless you can safely pass without stopping. 3. Stop 15 to 50 feet (4.6 to meters) before all railroad crossings, and proceed only when you are sure no train is coming. Do not shift gears while driving over the tracks. 4. When fueling your vehicle, turn off the engine and be in control of the fueling process. Page 29 of 34

30 18 5. If your vehicle breaks down, use reflective triangles or red electric lights. Using flares around flammable or explosive materials is forbidden by the regulations. 6. If your vehicle is equipped with dual tires on any axle, check your tires at the beginning of each trip, and each time you park. Repair or replace defective tires immediately! Do not smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar, or other smoking implement within 25 feet (or 8 meters) of a vehicle which contains: Class 1 (explosives); Class 5 (oxidizers); Division 2.1 (flammable gases); Class 3 (flammable liquids); Division 4.1 (flammable solids); Division 4.2 (spontaneously combustible); or, An empty tank motor vehicle which was used to transport Class 3 (flammable liquids) or Division 2.1 (flammable gas). 20 Cargo is most at risk when it is being transported. Your vehicle could even be used as a weapon of mass destruction. Therefore, it s of utmost importance that you know how to keep your load, and yourself, safe at all times. 21 All hazmat employees including drivers must receive security awareness training. This training must cover the security risks associated with transporting hazardous materials and methods to enhance transportation security. In addition, some hazmat employees must receive "in-depth" security training if their employer is required to complete a security plan. 23 There are also rules you must follow each time you stop your vehicle. Again, the purpose of these rules is to keep the public safe and your cargo secure. Page 30 of 34