5 Conclusion and Recommendation

Transcription

1 5 Conclusion and Recommendation 5.1 Summery Park and Ride is a travel mode which can reduce the number of vehicles (especially cars) entering the city center. It is prudent to implement this kind of traffic scheme for the Colombo city to mitigate the traffic congestion as much as possible. The vehicular traffic in Colombo city has increased now to a peak level that is too intense causing uneasy and delay in travelling and inconvenience to road users. This paper describes a study on attitudinal response to find out the major causes that attribute to a sustainable Park and Ride (P&R) operation with integrated Mass Rapid Transit for the Colombo metropolitan region. According to the response/ feedback it is clear that daily travelers (both private and public transport users) are concerned about their travelling time to Colombo. Further, it was revealed that Public transport users are not satisfied with safety, reliability and the comfort of their journey while private vehicle users are struggling for the parking facilities within the Colombo city. In general, the results of the study indicate that the majority of daily travelers are willing to move to the new Park and Ride scheme integrated with proposed Mass Rapid Transit. Not only the high percentage of Private vehicle users but also the Public transport users would like to change their travelling behavior according to the level of service of the new scheme. Major reasons leading to the acceptance of new P&R scheme was identified by the analysis. As hypothesized, acceptability of Park and Ride scheme doesn t depend with the Age of the daily travelers. But it shows clearly lesser acceptance of the scheme among the middle aged groups. As well as vehicle ownership doesn t affect to the acceptability of P&R scheme among different age groups. As hypothesized, acceptability of Park and Ride Scheme doesn t depend on the Income Level of the daily travelers. Further analysis shows the high rate of Park and Ride acceptance among the daily travelers in middle level of Income. Nevertheless vehicle ownership does not affect the acceptability of P&R scheme for the different income level groups. The hypothesized, acceptability of Park and Ride Scheme doesn t depend on the Level of Education among the daily travelers. Further analysis shows the regular increment of the Scheme 66

2 acceptance with the level of Education. Moreover the analysis indicates that the scheme acceptance independents with the vehicle ownerships of the different educational groups. The hypothesized, acceptability of Park and Ride Scheme depends with the Present Mode of transport, the present Travel Time, Travel Distance and Entering Time to Colombo city by the daily travelers. According to the above results, Present Mode of transport, Travel Time, Travel Distance and Entering Time to Colombo city of the daily travelers play a vital role to the acceptability of new Park and Ride Scheme. Passenger and vehicle safety, Reliability, Cleanness of vehicles/terminals, operating frequencies, Cross-city transit to complete their journey in Colombo city and comfort are the main aspects that are expected from new Park and Ride scheme. According to the response from the daily travelers, it is evident that the daily travelers are not much concerned about the cost of service but they expect basic facilities as mentioned above. 5.2 Recommendations The research has been carried out based on the very limited sample covering major transport corridors entry to Colombo city and identified for Mass Transit operation. It would be better to have broadly expanded survey to collect more data and information for better analysis. It is recommended to have some policy in respect of parking charges for private vehicles willing to use the Park & Ride and the proposed tariff of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) shall be low as possible, once Mass Transit becomes fully operational so as to attract more commuters to the system. Any kind of mass transit cannot be sustained depending only P&R users. The alternative option shall also be explored and compared with P&R system before arriving at a more viable decision. This study was designed to encourage debate and discussion among the public, planners and decision makers who are considering implementing Park and Ride operation in Colombo city. Views and comments are welcome that would encourage the author. 67

3 References [1] Parkhurst, G., Park and Ride: Could it lead to an increase in car traffic? Transport Policy. [2] Parkhurst, G., and Stokes, G., Park and Ride in Oxford and York: Report of Surveys. Oxford: University of Oxford Transport Studies Unit. [3] Parkhurst, G., 1999, Does Bus Based Park and Ride Assist the Integration of Local Transport? Parking News. [4] Parkhurst, G., 2000, Influence of Bus based Park and Ride facilities on users car traffic.transport Policy. [5] Mingardo, G., (2008), Sustainability of Park and Ride policies: the case of the Netherlands. [6] Mingardo, G., (2009), A study on the effects of the use of six Park and Ride locations on the accessibility and quality: the case of the Hague Region, Netherlands. [7] Lam W. Holyoak N and Lo H, 2001, How Park and Ride Schemes can be successful in Eastern Asia, Journal of Urban Planning and Development. [7] Steg, L., (1997), Social and individual determinants of car use: Application of the model Determinants of environmentally relevant consumer behavior. [7] Crow, (2004), Parking management for mobility, Brochure no. 10, Transfer positions, experiences with Park & Ride in Netherlands. [8] Ying, H., and Xiang, H., 2009, Study on influence factors and demand willingness of Park and Ride, in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Computing Technology and Automation (ICICTA 09). [9] He, B. H., He, W.N., and He, M. W.,(2012) The attitude and preference of traveler to the Park & Ridefacilities: a case study in Nanjing, China, in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Trafficand Transportation Studies (ICTTS 12). [10] Huanmei Qin, Hongzhi Guan, and Guang Zhang, 2012, Analysis of the Travel Intent for Park and Ride Based on Perception, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, Volume 2012, Article ID [10] RPS findings on the Effectiveness & Sustainability of Park &Ride at Historic Town Forum (HTF) conference in Winchester, May [11] Economic and Social statistics of Sri Lanka, 2014, Central Bank of Sri Lanka. [12] National Transport Statistics, 2014, National Transport Commission, Sri Lanka. [13] Feasibility Report of JICA funded Urban Transport Master Plan for Colombo Metropolitan Region and suburbs (CoMTrans), 2013, Ministry of Transport, Sri Lanka. 68

4 [14] Sivakumar, T., 2012, Is Bus rapid transit a viable solution to relive congested road space in Colombo. Jhon Diandas Memorial Lecture. [15] Amal S.Kumarage, 2005, Impact of Transport Infrastructure & Services on Urban Poverty and Land Development: A Case Study- Colombo, Sri Lanka [16] Amal S. Kumarage, 1997, A traffic management strategy for Colombo city. 69

5 ANNEXES

6 ANNEX - I GET FILE='E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr\Mode of Transport.sav'. DATASET NAME DataSet0 WINDOW=FRONT. CROSSTABS /TABLES=Mode BY Acceptability /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL. Crosstabs Notes Output Created 01-Jul :56:01 Comments Input Data E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr\Mode of Transport.sav Active Dataset Filter Weight Split File DataSet1 N of Rows in Working Data File 112 Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values are treated as missing. Cases Used Statistics for each table are based on all the cases with valid data in the specified range(s) for all variables in each table. Syntax CROSSTABS /TABLES=Mode BY Acceptability /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL. Resources Processor Time 00:00: Elapsed Time 00:00: Dimensions Requested 2 Cells Available [DataSet1] E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr\Mode of Transport.sav

7 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Mode of Transport * Acceptability of P&R % 0.0% % Mode of Transport * Acceptability of P&R Crosstabulation Acceptability of P&R No Yes Total Mode of Transport Private Vehicle Count Expected Count Train Count Expected Count Bus Count Expected Count Train+Bus Count Expected Count Staff Vehicle Count Expected Count Total Count Expected Count Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases 112 a. 2 cells (20.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.13.

8 ANNEX - II GET FILE='E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr\Income.sav'. DATASET NAME DataSet0 WINDOW=FRONT. CROSSTABS /TABLES=Income BY Acceptability /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL. Crosstabs Notes Output Created 01-Jul :48:26 Comments Input Data E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr\Income.sav Active Dataset Filter Weight Split File DataSet1 N of Rows in Working Data File 112 Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values are treated as missing. Cases Used Statistics for each table are based on all the cases with valid data in the specified range(s) for all variables in each table. Syntax CROSSTABS /TABLES=Income BY Acceptability /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL. Resources Processor Time 00:00: Elapsed Time 00:00: Dimensions Requested 2 Cells Available [DataSet1] E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr\Income.sav

9 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Level of Income (Rs) * Acceptability of P&R % 0.0% % Level of Income (Rs) * Acceptability of P&R Crosstabulation Acceptability of P&R Not Acceptable Acceptable Total Level of Income (Rs) Less than Rs 25,000 Count Expected Count Rs 25,000 - Rs 50,000 Count Expected Count Rs 50,000 - Rs 100,000 Count Expected Count Rs 100,000 - rs 150,000 Count Expected Count Above Rs 150,000 Count Expected Count Total Count Expected Count Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases 112 a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.25.

10 ANNEX - III CROSSTABS /TABLES=Income BY Acceptability BY Ownership /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL /METHOD=EXACT TIMER(5). Crosstabs Notes Output Created 01-Jul :50:50 Comments Input Data E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr\Income.sav Active Dataset Filter Weight Split File DataSet1 N of Rows in Working Data File 112 Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values are treated as missing. Cases Used Statistics for each table are based on all the cases with valid data in the specified range(s) for all variables in each table. Syntax CROSSTABS /TABLES=Income BY Acceptability BY Ownership /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL /METHOD=EXACT TIMER(5). Resources Processor Time 00:00: Elapsed Time 00:00: Dimensions Requested 3 Cells Available Time for Exact Statistics 00:00: [DataSet1] E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr\Income.sav

11 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Level of Income (Rs) * Acceptability of P&R * Vehicle Ownership % 0.0% % Level of Income (Rs) * Acceptability of P&R * Vehicle Ownership Crosstabulation Acceptability of P&R Vehicle Ownership Not Acceptable Acceptable Total No Level of Income (Rs) Less than Rs 25,000 Count Expected Count Rs 25,000 - Rs 50,000 Count Expected Count Rs 50,000 - Rs 100,000 Count Expected Count Rs 100,000 - rs 150,000 Count Expected Count Above Rs 150,000 Count Expected Count Total Count Expected Count Yes Level of Income (Rs) Less than Rs 25,000 Count Expected Count Rs 25,000 - Rs 50,000 Count Expected Count Rs 50,000 - Rs 100,000 Count Expected Count Rs 100,000 - rs 150,000 Count Expected Count Above Rs 150,000 Count Expected Count Total Count Expected Count

12 Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. Exact Sig. Exact Sig. Point Vehicle Ownership Value df (2-sided) (2-sided) (1-sided) Probability No Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association b N of Valid Cases 42 Yes Pearson Chi-Square c Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association d N of Valid Cases 70 a. 7 cells (70.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is.33. b. The standardized statistic is c. 5 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is d. The standardized statistic is

13 ANNEX - IV GET FILE='E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr\Education.sav'. DATASET NAME DataSet0 WINDOW=FRONT. CROSSTABS /TABLES=Education BY Acceptability /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL. Crosstabs Notes Output Created 01-Jul :40:54 Comments Input Data E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr\Education.sav Active Dataset Filter Weight Split File DataSet1 N of Rows in Working Data File 112 Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values are treated as missing. Cases Used Statistics for each table are based on all the cases with valid data in the specified range(s) for all variables in each table. Syntax CROSSTABS /TABLES=Education BY Acceptability /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL. Resources Processor Time 00:00: Elapsed Time 00:00: Dimensions Requested 2 Cells Available [DataSet1] E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr\Education.sav

14 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Level of Education * Acceptability of P&R % 0.0% % Level of Education * Acceptability of P&R Crosstabulation Acceptability of P&R Not Acceptable Acceptable Total Level of Education Post Graduate/Doctorate Count Expected Count Graduate Count Expected Count Higher Diploma Count Expected Count Certificate Count Expected Count Advanced Level Count Expected Count Ordinary Level Count Expected Count Total Count Expected Count Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases 112 a. 1 cells (8.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.46.

15 ANNEX - V GET FILE='E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr\Education.sav'. DATASET NAME DataSet0 WINDOW=FRONT. CROSSTABS /TABLES=Education BY Acceptability BY Ownership /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL /METHOD=EXACT TIMER(5). Crosstabs Notes Output Created 01-Jul :09:52 Comments Input Data E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr\Education.sav Active Dataset Filter Weight Split File DataSet1 N of Rows in Working Data File 112 Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values are treated as missing. Cases Used Statistics for each table are based on all the cases with valid data in the specified range(s) for all variables in each table. Syntax CROSSTABS /TABLES=Education BY Acceptability BY Ownership /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL /METHOD=EXACT TIMER(5). Resources Processor Time 00:00: Elapsed Time 00:00: Dimensions Requested 3 Cells Available Time for Exact Statistics 00:00: [DataSet1] E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr\Education.sav

16 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Level of Education * Acceptability of P&R * Vehicle Ownership % 0.0% % Level of Education * Acceptability of P&R * Vehicle Ownership Crosstabulation Acceptability of P&R Vehicle Ownership Not Acceptable Acceptable Total No Level of Education Post Graduate/Doctorate Count Expected Count Graduate Count Expected Count Higher Diploma Count Expected Count Certificate Count Expected Count Advanced Level Count Expected Count Ordinary Level Count Expected Count Total Count Expected Count Yes Level of Education Post Graduate/Doctorate Count Expected Count Graduate Count Expected Count Higher Diploma Count Expected Count Certificate Count Expected Count Advanced Level Count Expected Count Ordinary Level Count Expected Count

17 Total Count Expected Count Chi-Square Tests Point Asymp. Sig. Exact Sig. Exact Sig. Probabilit Vehicle Ownership Value df (2-sided) (2-sided) (1-sided) y No Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association b N of Valid Cases 42 Yes Pearson Chi-Square c Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association.970 d N of Valid Cases 70 a. 8 cells (66.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is.12. b. The standardized statistic is c. 8 cells (66.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is.56. d. The standardized statistic is.985.

18 ANNEX - VI CROSSTABS /TABLES=Acceptability BY Age /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL. Crosstabs Notes Output Created 01-Jul :19:54 Comments Input Data E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr\Age.sav Active Dataset Filter Weight Split File DataSet1 N of Rows in Working Data File 112 Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values are treated as missing. Cases Used Statistics for each table are based on all the cases with valid data in the specified range(s) for all variables in each table. Syntax CROSSTABS /TABLES=Acceptability BY Age /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL. Resources Processor Time 00:00: Elapsed Time 00:00: Dimensions Requested 2 Cells Available [DataSet1] E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr\Age.sav

19 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Acceptability * Age % 0.0% % Acceptability * Age Crosstabulation Age Total Acceptability Not Acceptable Count Expected Count Acceptable Count Expected Count Total Count Expected Count Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid Cases 112 a. 1 cells (10.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.91.

20 ANNEX - VII GET FILE='E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr - Edited June\Age.sav'. DATASET NAME DataSet0 WINDOW=FRONT. CROSSTABS /TABLES=Age BY Acceptability BY Ownership /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL /METHOD=EXACT TIMER(5). Crosstabs Notes Output Created 12-Jul :18:12 Comments Input Data E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr - Edited June\Age.sav Active Dataset Filter Weight Split File DataSet1 N of Rows in Working Data File 112 Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values are treated as missing. Cases Used Statistics for each table are based on all the cases with valid data in the specified range(s) for all variables in each table. Syntax CROSSTABS /TABLES=Age BY Acceptability BY Ownership /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL /METHOD=EXACT TIMER(5). Resources Processor Time 00:00: Elapsed Time 00:00: Dimensions Requested 3 Cells Available Time for Exact Statistics 00:00: [DataSet1] E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr - Edited June\Age.sav

21 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Age * Acceptability * Ownership % 0.0% % Age * Acceptability * Ownership Crosstabulation Acceptability Ownership Not Acceptable Acceptable Total No Age Count Expected Count Count Expected Count Count Expected Count Total Count Expected Count Yes Age Count Expected Count Count Expected Count Count Expected Count Total Count Expected Count

22 Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. Exact Sig. Exact Sig. Point Ownership Value df (2-sided) (2-sided) (1-sided) Probability No Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association b N of Valid Cases 42 Yes Pearson Chi-Square c Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association d N of Valid Cases 70 a. 3 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is.57. b. The standardized statistic is c. 1 cells (16.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is d. The standardized statistic is

23 ANNEX - VIII GET FILE='E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr - Edited June\Distance traveled.sav'. DATASET NAME DataSet0 WINDOW=FRONT. CROSSTABS /TABLES=Distance BY Acceptability /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL /METHOD=EXACT TIMER(5). Crosstabs Notes Output Created 12-Jul :39:38 Comments Input Data E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr - Edited June\Distance traveled.sav Active Dataset Filter Weight Split File DataSet1 N of Rows in Working Data File 112 Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values are treated as missing. Cases Used Statistics for each table are based on all the cases with valid data in the specified range(s) for all variables in each table. Syntax CROSSTABS /TABLES=Distance BY Acceptability /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL /METHOD=EXACT TIMER(5). Resources Processor Time 00:00: Elapsed Time 00:00: Dimensions Requested 2 Cells Available Time for Exact Statistics 00:00: [DataSet1] E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr - Edited June\Distance traveled.sav

24 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Travel Distance * Acceptability of P&R % 0.0% % Travel Distance * Acceptability of P&R Crosstabulation Acceptability of P&R No Yes Total Travel Distance Less than 10Km Count Expected Count km to 20Km Count Expected Count km to 30km Count Expected Count km to 40km Count Expected Count km to 50km Count Expected Count More than 50km Count Expected Count Total Count Expected Count Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. Exact Sig. Exact Sig. Point Value df (2-sided) (2-sided) (1-sided) Probability Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association b N of Valid Cases 112 a. 4 cells (33.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is b. The standardized statistic is

25 ANNEX - IX CROSSTABS /TABLES=Enter_Time BY Acceptability /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL /METHOD=EXACT TIMER(5). Crosstabs Notes Output Created 12-Jul :56:34 Comments Input Data E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr - Edited June\Entering Time.sav Active Dataset Filter Weight Split File DataSet1 N of Rows in Working Data File 112 Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values are treated as missing. Cases Used Statistics for each table are based on all the cases with valid data in the specified range(s) for all variables in each table. Syntax CROSSTABS /TABLES=Enter_Time BY Acceptability /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL /METHOD=EXACT TIMER(5). Resources Processor Time 00:00: Elapsed Time 00:00: Dimensions Requested 2 Cells Available Time for Exact Statistics 00:00: [DataSet1] E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr - Edited June\Entering Time.sav

26 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Enter_Time * Acceptability % 0.0% % Enter_Time * Acceptability Crosstabulation Acceptability No Yes Total Enter_Time 6.30am to 7.30am Count Expected Count am to 8.30am Count Expected Count am to 9.30am Count Expected Count am to 12.30am Count Expected Count Total Count Expected Count Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. Exact Sig. Exact Sig. Point Value df (2-sided) (2-sided) (1-sided) Probability Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association.047 b N of Valid Cases 112 a. 2 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is.45. b. The standardized statistic is

27 ANNEX - X CROSSTABS /TABLES=Travel_Time BY Acceptability /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL /METHOD=EXACT TIMER(5). Crosstabs Notes Output Created 01-Jul :53:37 Comments Input Data E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr\Travel Time.sav Active Dataset Filter Weight Split File DataSet1 N of Rows in Working Data File 112 Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values are treated as missing. Cases Used Statistics for each table are based on all the cases with valid data in the specified range(s) for all variables in each table. Syntax CROSSTABS /TABLES=Travel_Time BY Acceptability /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL /METHOD=EXACT TIMER(5). Resources Processor Time 00:00: Elapsed Time 00:00: Dimensions Requested 2 Cells Available Time for Exact Statistics 00:00: [DataSet1] E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr\Travel Time.sav Case Processing Summary

28 Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Travel Time (min) * Pacceptability of P&R % 0.0% % Travel Time (min) * Pacceptability of P&R Crosstabulation Pacceptability of P&R No Yes Total Travel Time (min) Less than 30 Count Expected Count to 60 Count Expected Count to 90 Count Expected Count to 120 Count Expected Count Total Count Expected Count Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig. Exact Sig. Exact Sig. Point Value df (2-sided) (2-sided) (1-sided) Probability Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association.909 b N of Valid Cases 112 a. 2 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is b. The standardized statistic is.953.

29 ANNEX - XI GET FILE='E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr - Edited June\Return Mode.sav'. DATASET NAME DataSet0 WINDOW=FRONT. CROSSTABS /TABLES=Entry_Mode BY Acceptability BY Return_Mode /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL /METHOD=EXACT TIMER(5). Crosstabs Notes Output Created 06-Jul :31:46 Comments Input Data E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr - Edited June\Return Mode.sav Active Dataset Filter Weight Split File DataSet1 N of Rows in Working Data File 111 Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values are treated as missing. Cases Used Statistics for each table are based on all the cases with valid data in the specified range(s) for all variables in each table. Syntax CROSSTABS /TABLES=Entry_Mode BY Acceptability BY Return_Mode /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL /METHOD=EXACT TIMER(5). Resources Processor Time 00:00: Elapsed Time 00:00: Dimensions Requested 3 Cells Available Time for Exact Statistics 00:00: [DataSet1] E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr - Edited June\Return Mode.sav

30 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Entry Mode pf Transport * P&R Acceptability * Return Mode of Transport % 0.0% % Entry Mode pf Transport * P&R Acceptability * Return Mode of Transport Crosstabulation P&R Acceptability P&R P&R not Return Mode of Transport Accepted Accepted Total Return mode transport is Entry Mode pf Private Count same Transport Vehicle Expected Count Train Count Expected Count Bus Count Expected Count Train + Bus Count Expected Count Staff Vehicle Count Expected Count Total Count Expected Count Return mode transport is Entry Mode pf Private Count not same Transport Vehicle Expected Count Train Count Expected Count Bus Count Expected Count Staff Vehicle Count Expected Count Total Count Expected Count

31 Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Exact Exact Sig. Sig. Sig. Point Return Mode of Transport Value df (2-sided) (2-sided) (1-sided) Probability Return mode transport is same Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association b N of Valid Cases 101 Return mode transport is not same Pearson Chi-Square c Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association.479 d N of Valid Cases 10 a. 2 cells (20.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is b. The standardized statistic is c. 8 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is.20. d. The standardized statistic is.692.

32 ANNEX - XII CROSSTABS /TABLES=Mode BY Acceptability BY Return_Time /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL /METHOD=EXACT TIMER(5). Crosstabs Notes Output Created 06-Jul :10:46 Comments Input Data E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr - Edited June\Return Time.sav Active Dataset Filter Weight Split File DataSet0 N of Rows in Working Data File 112 Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User-defined missing values are treated as missing. Cases Used Statistics for each table are based on all the cases with valid data in the specified range(s) for all variables in each table. Syntax CROSSTABS /TABLES=Mode BY Acceptability BY Return_Time /FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES /STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI /CELLS=COUNT EXPECTED /COUNT ROUND CELL /METHOD=EXACT TIMER(5). Resources Processor Time 00:00: Elapsed Time 00:00: Dimensions Requested 3 Cells Available Time for Exact Statistics 00:00: [DataSet0] E:\My Research\Data Analysis\SPSSr - Edited June\Return Time.sav

33 Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Mode * Acceptability * Return_Time % 0.0% % Mode * Acceptability * Return_Time Crosstabulation Acceptability P&R not P&R Return_Time Accepted Accepted Total Inward Time>Outward Time Mode Private Vehicle Count Expected Count Train Count Expected Count Bus Count Expected Count Train+Bus Count Expected Count Total Count Expected Count Inward Time=Outward Time Mode Private Vehicle Count Expected Count Train Count Expected Count Bus Count Expected Count Train+Bus Count Expected Count Staff Vehicle Count Expected Count Total Count Expected Count Inward Time<Outward Time Mode Private Vehicle Count Expected Count Train Count Expected Count

34 Bus Count Expected Count Train+Bus Count Expected Count Staff Vehicle Count Expected Count Total Count Expected Count Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Point Sig. Exact Sig. Exact Sig. Probabilit Return_Time Value df (2-sided) (2-sided) (1-sided) y Inward Time>Outward Time Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association b N of Valid Cases 36 Inward Time=Outward Time Pearson Chi-Square c Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association.780 d N of Valid Cases 48 Inward Time<Outward Time Pearson Chi-Square e Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association.254 f N of Valid Cases 28 a. 5 cells (62.5%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is.39. b. The standardized statistic is c. 6 cells (60.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is d. The standardized statistic is.883.

35 Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Point Sig. Exact Sig. Exact Sig. Probabilit Return_Time Value df (2-sided) (2-sided) (1-sided) y Inward Time>Outward Time Pearson Chi-Square a Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association b N of Valid Cases 36 Inward Time=Outward Time Pearson Chi-Square c Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association.780 d N of Valid Cases 48 Inward Time<Outward Time Pearson Chi-Square e Likelihood Ratio Fisher's Exact Test Linear-by-Linear Association.254 f N of Valid Cases 28 a. 5 cells (62.5%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is.39. b. The standardized statistic is c. 6 cells (60.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is d. The standardized statistic is.883. e. 9 cells (90.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is f. The standardized statistic is.504.

36 Park & Ride operation: Factors affecting to the public acceptance. User Background * Required 1. Gender? * Male Female 2. Age? * Select age Group Bellow Above Nearest city or suburb to your current residency? * Eg. Nittambuwa 4. Highest Level of Education? * Highest qualification achieved at present Post Graduate/Doctorate Graduate Higher Diploma Advanced Level Ordinary Level Other:

37 5. Profession related to? * Accounting Banking & Financial Service Advertising, Art & Media Administration & Clarical CEO & General Management Construction Engineering Planning, Design & Architecture Education & Training Farming, Animal & Conservation Healthcare & Medical Human resources & Recruitment Information & Communication Technology Insurance & Superannuation Legal Manufacturing, Transport & Logistic Marketing & Communication Mining, Resources & Energy Real Estate & Property Sales,Retails & Consumer Product Sport & Recreations Self Employed Student Security and Forces 6. You are currently? * Retired Employed / Self employed Higher studies Schooling Other:

38 7. Level of Income? * Monthly Income Less than Rs.25,000 Rs.25,000 Rs.50,000 Rs.50,000 Rs.100,000 Rs.100,000 Rs.150,000 Above Rs.150,000 Dependant Park & Ride operation: Factors affecting to the public acceptance. User Travel Behavior to Colombo city 8. Nearest city or suburb to your Destination? * 9. Distance from your current residence to your destination? * In Kilometers 10. Mode of major transport which you use to enter to the Colombo city? * Private Vehicle Bus Train Bus+Tarin Staff vehicle 2 wheeler 3 wheeler Other: 11. Travel Time? * In minutes...

39 12. Purpose of Trip? * Why do you travel? Work or Official purpose School or Higher studies Business Shopping or Leisure Residence Other: 13. Frequency of travelling to Colombo city? * Daily Few Times a week Once a Week Infrequently Other: 14. Vehicle ownership and use it travel to Colombo City? * I use my own vehicle I use hired vehicle I use company vehicle I use government vehicle I have a vehicle but I do not use it to travel Colombo I do not have a vehicle Other: 15. What is the time range which you most often enter to the Colombo city? * Before 6.30 am 6.30 am 7.30 am 7.30 am 8.30 am 8.30 am 9.30 am 9.30 am pm pm 3.30 pm 3.30 pm 6.30 pm 6.30 pm 9.30 pm After 9.30 pm

40 16. Your return time from Colombo city? * Before 6.30 am 6.30 am 9.30 am 9.30 am pm pm 3.30 pm 3.30 pm 4.30 pm 4.30 pm 5.30 pm 5.30 pm 6.30 pm 6.30 pm 7.30 pm 7.30 pm 9.30 pm After 9.30 pm 17. What mode of transport which you use for your return trip? * Same as Above Other: 18. Travel time of your return trip? * In minutes... Park & Ride operation: Factors affecting to the public acceptance. Identify the present issues in user point of view 19. Select your mode of Motorable Transport * Private Vehicle (4W) (Car, Van, etc.) Skip to question 20. Private Vehicle (3W) (Three Wheeler) Skip to question 20. Private Vehicle (2W) (Motor cycle) Skip to question 20. Public Buses Skip to question 25. Train Skip to question 25. Staff Vehicle Skip to question 25. Train & Bus combination Skip to question 25. Train or Bus combination with Taxi Skip to question 25. Park & Ride operation: Factors affecting to the public acceptance. Identify the present issues in Private Vehicle User point of view

41 20. Is your present mode of transport Economical? * Not Satisfied Very Satisfied 21. Travel Time of your present journey? * Not Satisfied Highly Satisfied 22. Comfortably of your present journey? * Not Satisfied Highly Satisfied 23. Passenger safety of your present journey? * Not Satisfied Highly Satisfied 24. Are you happy with Parking Facility provided in Colombo City? * Not Satisfied Highly Satisfied Skip to question 32. Park & Ride operation: Factors affecting to the public acceptance. Identify the present issues in Public Transport User point of view 25. Is your present mode of transport Economical? * Not Economical Very Economical

42 26. Travel Time of your present journey? * Not Satisfied Highly Satisfied 27. Comfortably of your present journey? * Not Satisfied Highly Satisfied 28. Passenger safety of your present journey? * Not Satisfied Highly Satisfied 29. Are you happy with Reliability of present public transport? * Not Satisfied Highly Satisfied 30. Are you happy with Inter connectivity of present public transport? * Not Satisfied Highly Satisfied 31. Are you happy with Operatinal Frequency of present public transport? * Not Satisfied Highly Satisfied Skip to question 37. Park & Ride operation: Factors affecting to the public acceptance. Why do you intend to use Private Vehicle to travel Colombo City?

43 32. I think it is comfortable. * Not Agree Fully Agree 33. I think it is time saving? * Not Agree Fully Agree 34. I believe that use of private vehicle added social prestige. * Not Agree Fully Agree 35. Accessibility is difficult to use public transport from my residence place. * Not Agree Fully Agree 36. I believe that service of public transport is very poor. * Not Agree Fully Agree Skip to question 43. Park & Ride operation: Factors affecting to the public acceptance. Why do you intend to use Public Transport to travel Colombo City? 37. I can not afford the cost of private vehicle. * Not Agree Fully Agree

44 38. I suppose availability of parking is not sufficient. * Not Agree Fully Agree 39. I don't like to drive in congested roads. * Not Agree Fully Agree 40. Accessibility is very easy to public transport from my residence place. * Not Agree Fully Agree 41. I believe the service of public transport is excellent. * Not Agree Fully Agree 42. I am not willing to use my own vehicle for official works? * Not Agree Fully Agree Skip to question 43. Park & Ride operation: Factors affecting to the public acceptance. Willingness to use Park and Ride 43. Are you willing to use proposed Park & Ride facilities? * Yes Skip to question 44. No Skip to question 48. Park & Ride operation: Factors affecting to the public acceptance. Accepting Park and Ride

45 44. If yes, how often might you use the facility? * Ocationally Monthly Weekly Daily 45. If yes, What is the maximum distance do you like to drive to park your vehicle? * Less than 2km 2km 5km 5km 10km 10km 15km 15km 20km More than 20km 46. If yes, what mode of transport you are willing to use to come parking site? * Cycle Motorcycle (2W) Three Wheeler (3W) Car / Van (4W) Other: 47. If yes, What mode of transport would you like to use to complete your journey after proposed mass rapid transit? * Check all that apply. Walk Three wheeler Rent a Car Public transport Expecting improved light transit Skip to question 61. Park & Ride operation: Factors affecting to the public acceptance. Why don't you use the Park & Ride facility?

46 48. I don't want to lose my benefit given by the Company or Authority. * Not Agree Fully Agree 49. I am not sure about the time of my return trip. * Not Agree Fully Agree 50. If I choose P & R, I have to find a other mode of transport for Egress trip. * Not Agree Fully Agree 51. I am not sure about the reliability, travel time and comfortability. * Not Agree Fully Agree 52. I can't assure the security of vehicle parking site? * Not Agree Fully Agree 53. I don't have any confidence about the government administration. * Not Agree Fully Agree 54. I have other reason, Which is

47 Skip to question 55. Park & Ride operation: Factors affecting to the public acceptance. Do you think proposed Park & Ride Operation is suitable for Colombo City in terms of? 55. Traffic Congestion? * Worst Best 56. Travel Time Saving? * Worst Best 57. Travel Cost Saving? * Worst Best 58. Air Quality? * Worst Best 59. Noise Pollution? * Worst Best 60. Parking Problems * Worst Best Skip to question 61. Park & Ride operation: Factors affecting to the public

48 acceptance. What would influence your decision to use the park and ride? 61. Cost of Service * Not Important Very Important 62. Frequency of Service * Not Important Very Important 63. Availability of Cross city Transit to complete journey * Not Important Very Important 64. Seating Facility * Not Important Very Important 65. Cleanness inside the vehicle and terminal building * Not Important Very Important 66. Reliability of Service * Not Important Very Important

49 67. Disable Access * Not Important Very Important 68. Choice of Destination * Not Important Very Important 69. Facilities at parking site * Eg: Lights, CCTV, Shelters, overnight parking, etc Not Important Very Important 70. Facilities at Terminal Building * Eg: Air Conditioning, Wi Fi, Rest rooms, Shopping malls, etc? Not Important Very Important 71. Shuttle service from Parking site to Terminal building * Not Important Very Important 72. Passenger Safety and security of vehicle * Not Important Very Important Skip to question 73. Park & Ride operation: Factors affecting to the public acceptance. Your decision about the park and ride concept?

50 73. Do you support / Oppose the Park & Ride Operation in Colombo City? * Support Oppose Powered by