Distinct Journal Preference of Successful EC Researchers. A Citation Analysis. Abstract

Transcription

1 1 Electronic Commerce Studies Vol. 2, No.1, Spring 2004 Page 1-18 Distinct Journal Preference of Successful EC Researchers A Citation Analysis Chia-Ming Chang National Chung Cheng University Shin-Yuan Hung National Chung Cheng University Abstract Perceived journal preference of successful electronic commerce (EC) researchers is an important cue for subsequent researchers in EC academic community. This article contributes to and develops the discussion on the journal preference patterns of researchers in electronic commerce academic community. Some studies of the EC literature have made some contributions from various views. For examples, Bharati and Tarasewich (2002) especially provided a newly EC journal list, based on the global researchers subjective perception data. It is clear that this list has provided a reference collected by subjective opinion survey. Furthermore, being an EC researcher, two problems should be necessary to resolve but leave unanswered: (1)Which journals collected by objective method do successful EC researchers prefer reading? (2) What are distinct features of EC journal compared with traditional MIS journal? As now, the need of assessing EC publications outlets based on the basis of latest journal ranking list has been met. However, those two mentioned challenges for EC researchers still leave unanswered. The purpose of this study is to contribute one perspective answering the two questions through more objective citation analysis approach. The findings in this study reveal that (1) successful EC researchers have paid more attention on MIS, computer science, marketing, finance and economics, consumer behavior, and computer-mediated communication field; (2) some different features between EC journal and traditional MIS journal were reported. Keywords EC Journal Preference Citation Analysis EC Research

2 Electronic Commerce Studies 2 1. Introduction As more and more electronic commerce (EC) related papers were published in variety of journals, an understanding of the distinct characteristics on EC research outlets becomes increasingly important for subsequent EC researchers. For example, Bharati and Tarasewich (2002) contributed one top EC journal list. The data were collected by subjective researchers opinion survey method. It is the first important reference about subjective perception data of EC journals. Expectably, this list will offer EC researchers one important reference for selecting which journal to read or submitting their EC research manuscripts. Thus, in EC journal marketplace, the need to know each EC journal s position subjectively perceived by academic researchers has been satisfied to some extent. In contrast, perceived journal ranking level only acquired from subjective survey opinion is possibly to offer, to some extent, biased information for readers. It is necessary to supplement a more objective perspective for EC journal ranking list. In addition, individual EC researcher always read other EC researcher s papers for understanding current important EC issues, trends, or others. It is no doubt that EC journal paper is an important resource. Deeper understanding of each aspect of successful EC researchers doing research or EC journal paper will be beneficial for junior researchers having intention of doing EC research. In behavioral decision-making or social psychology, each individual frequently adopt heuristics or attitude-based strategies for decision making (Sanbonmatsu and Fazio 1990; Kahneman et al. 1982). Payne (1982) suggested that one of all three principles how people choose decision rules is cost-benefit principle. Most EC researchers possibly also follow this principle to do research. On this premise, the journal list successful EC authors prefer reading should be quite attractive information for some EC researchers. Possibly, it could provide important information to adopt differentiating or tagging along behind strategy for future EC journals reading strategy formulation. Thus, we try to explore the first question-which journal list does EC authors prefer reading in past several years, based on more objective data collection approach? A junior researcher joining into the EC academic community should grasp full knowledge for its distinct features on EC research outlets. This difficulty is especially salient for traditional MIS researchers to do EC

3 3 research. For example, from IS researchers perspective, top three appropriate IS research outlet are the same as EC research outlet. In 2001, top three appropriate outlet for IS research, investigated by Mylonopoulos and Theoharakis (2001), are MIS Quarterly, Communications of the ACM, and Information Systems Research. In the next year, Bharati and Tarasewich (2002) note that top three EC research outlets are also Communications of the ACM, MIS Quarterly, and Information Systems Research. Two studies are investigated from IS researchers perspective. Thus, it is possible that IS or MIS researches have a very salient image for good MIS journals also covering high-quality EC articles. Relatively, difficulties of telling distinct characteristics of EC journal from MIS journal are perceived by MIS researchers. This phenomenon is also illustrated by Bharati and Tarasewich (2002) s argument that the dedicated EC journal is judged only by journal name. In addition, Ngai and Wat (2002) suggested that relevant material in EC is scattered across various journals. These arguments result from the nature of EC research being difficult to confine to specific disciplines (Ngai and Wat 2002) as well as no distinct characteristics perceived by MIS researchers. Therefore, problem-solving of telling the distinct characteristics of dedicated EC journal from traditional MIS journals should be beneficial for subsequent junior EC researchers. Bharati and Tarasewich (2002) also confirmed this difficulty as well as suggested that ways to further distinguish them should be of significant interest for EC scholars. The second question is raised here-what are distinct features of EC journals compared with traditional MIS journals? In sum, the purpose of this study is to answer the two questions: (1) which important journals did researchers prefer to read or review for generating a brand-new EC research idea, by objective citation analysis approach? (2) What is the difference and similarity between dedicated EC journal and traditional MIS journal? 2. Literature Review Electronic Commerce (EC) is an exciting research area for IS researchers. Ngai and Wat (2002) choose 275 EC related journal articles between 1993 and Its aim is to provide a comprehensive classification of literature review in EC research area. They definitely point out there is no doubt that EC research will increase significantly in the future (Ngai and Wat 2002). However, they also note one difficulty is that

4 Electronic Commerce Studies 4 relevant material in EC is scattered across various journals, just for the nature of EC research being difficult to confine to specific disciplines (Ngai and Wat 2002). In MIS field, two academic trends are well-deserved attentions. First, one is that some studies of the literature have been done that rank the relative importance of journals (Hamilton and Ives 1980; Hamilton and Ives 1982; Holsapple, et al. 1993; Nord and Nord 1995; Walstrom and Leonard 2000; Walstrom and Hardgrave 2001; Mylonopoulos and Theoharakis 2001; Katerattanakul and Hong 2003). The contributions of these studies are both to investigate knowledge utilization among IS researchers and to provide top ranking journals and citation classics in IS research. The latest ranking list provided by Mylonopoulos and Theoharakis (2001) is that is MIS Quarterly, Communications of the ACM, and Information Systems Research are top three most appropriate outlet for IS research. This result is consistent with previous mentioned research findings. Second, the issue of IS discipline as a reference discipline has been discussed so much. The discussion point is that future important trend for IS discipline is to be a reference discipline for other fields (Baskerville and Myers 2002). Furthermore, Nambisan (2003) suggested that IS field, in the years of rapid infusion of information technology, could serve as a reference discipline for new product development (NPD) research. Thus, IS researchers interested in how to develop EC new innovative articles should draw many ideas from extant theories and models in their own field. As EC research prevails over the global academic IS area. The problem the nature of EC research is difficult to confine to a specific disciplines, the relevant material is scattered across various journals suggested by Bharati and Tarasewich (2002) indeed existed. Bharati and Tarasewich (2002) suggested that Communications of the ACM, MIS Quarterly, Information Systems Research are top three appropriate outlet for EC research. The results will bring the perceptions that EC is not a distinct field, for traditional IS researchers. On the other hand, based on empirical data collected and journal s name, Bharati and Tarasewich (2002) also reports the top dedicated EC journals cover International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Electronic Commerce Research, Electronic Markets, and the Journal of Electronic Commerce Research. The dedicated EC journals published only EC research results. To be a pure EC researcher, one question should be raised. While EC as a research area is still in its

5 5 infancy, it possibly absorbs traditional MIS knowledge. However, what are the distinct features from traditional MIS researchers perspective? International Journal of Electronic Commerce is one of the top four appropriate outlets for EC research. Furthermore, Bharati and Tarasewich (2002) reports the top one dedicated EC journal is International Journal of Electronic Commerce. In addition, it has been listed in JCR database (SSCI version). The other dedicated electronic commerce journal has not included. For the quality requirement of research sample, we tend to select it as target journal for analysis. As for method, we use citation analysis approach in this study. It is an objective quantitative method. In fact, citation analysis is a useful procedure for examining knowledge exchange. It has been widely employed to empirically investigate the structure and scholarly activities of many social and natural sciences (Garfield, 1979a, 1979b). The use of citation analysis within MIS research is also not new (see Hamilton and Ives 1982; Holsapple, et al. 1995; Cooper, et al. 1993; Culnan 1986a, 1986b; Nord and Nord 1995; Eom 1996; Walstrom and Leonard 2000; Katerattanakul and Hong 2003). 3. Research Method Citation analysis is the major method used in this study. Despite having its limitations, several scientists consider citation analysis to be the best citation available for assessing the impact of journal articles, institutions, and individuals (Hamilton and Ives 1982; Brown and Gardner, 1985; Lin 1997; Leong 1989; Katerattanakul and Hong 2003). Thus, citation analysis has been widely employed to empirically investigate the structure and scholarly activities of many social and natural sciences (Garfield, 1979a, 1979b). The data used for this study were drawn from the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) volume of the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) for the year Each Journal Citation Reports contains citation information from an annual survey of over several thousands of journals. The database contains both citing and cited listings reported in the science journals. In this study, we investigate both citing and cited journal listings for target journal in SSCI. "cited" refers to journals that International Journal of Electronic Commerce authors referenced, and "citing" refers to journals whose authors referenced target journal (Garfield, 1979a, 1979b; Zinkhn, et al. 1992). Some cited journal data of target journal were not reported in the JCR.

6 Electronic Commerce Studies 6 For complete data analysis, we collect those data by manual collection. Those manual collected data cover cited journal list both from International Journal of Electronic Commerce in For verification, one researcher collected and recorded them and another researcher verified them. For making a comparative study between EC and traditional MIS journal, we collected the citation data of dedicated EC journal (International Journal of Electronic Commerce) and the third MIS journal (Information Systems Research) in When Information Systems Research is represented as MIS discipline, the representative ability for MIS discipline is sometimes questioned. However, we are conscious of this as well as deliberately choose it by our specific perspective. In 2001, top three IS journals are successively (1) MIS Quarterly, (2) Communications of the ACM, and (3) Information Systems Research (Mylonopoulos and Theoharakis 2001). In the next year, the top four most appropriate EC research outlets are (1) Communications of the ACM, (2) MIS Quarterly, (3) Information Systems Research, and (4) International Journal of Electronic Commerce (Bharati and Tarasewich 2002). We consider the discrimination job between Information Systems Research and International Journal of Electronic Commerce will be most meaningful as well as difficult. Therefore, we deliberately select both of them and challenge this vagueness. This study adopts citation data to assess the frequency of references made to other journals by International Journal of Electronic Commerce. Through the analysis of reference journals, we can know more the distinct journal preference perceived by successful EC authors as well as the distinct features in EC discipline. 4. Results and Discussions 4.1 Top Ranking EC Journal List Since the purpose of this study is to measure citation preference of EC researchers, the citation data of top one dedicated journal International Journal of Electronic Commerce were gathered during While not all citation data are included in JCR database, we determine to collect citation data in years through two research assistants. Thus, from 1997 to 2002, all authors of International Journal of Electronic Commerce made 5579 journal citations in all articles. We rank all the

7 7 citations by cited journal in the target journal. Table 1 shows the 22 items of top ranking cited journals. The cutoff ratio value is identified as exceeding 0.35%. The result (Table 1) shows that EC authors in this target journal prefer citing traditional MIS top journals (Communications of the ACM, MIS Quarterly, Journal of Management Information Systems), general management journals (Harvard Business Review and Sloan Management Review, Academy of Management Review), top marketing journals (Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Consumer Research), financial and economics journals (Wall Street Journal, American Economic Review, Journal of Political Economy) and so on. Using objective citation analysis method, we could validate that EC research is indeed in close relationship with MIS, general management, marketing, financial and economics field. In addition, we know that EC research authors prefer reading those journals for generating new research ideas. 4.2 Top Ranking Journals Receiving EC knowledge from IJEC Based on the citation data of JCR database, total number of citations to our target journal is only 474 contributed by all almost 6,600 journals in It is apparent that International Journal of Electronic Commerce is still a new journal in knowledge map. However, it is also clear that International Journal of Electronic Commerce is becoming a well-known journal in EC knowledge diffusion map. Some important MIS journals such as Information and Management, Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, and Decision Support Systems are top three citing ones except self-citing part. In addition, we could discover that top journals in MIS field in discussing EC area such as Information Systems Research, Journal of Management Information Systems, Information Systems Journal or Communications of the ACM have absorbed EC knowledge from this target journal. We suggested that fresh EC researcher should include this target journal into reading list. This is also possible that the target journal is the first dedicated EC journal included in SSCI collection of JCR database. In addition, some authors of one important marketing journal such as Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science have begun reading EC area knowledge from this target

8 Electronic Commerce Studies 8 journal. As for other disciplines, journals have citing it considerably not many in past three years. Table 1: Ranking of Journals by Total Citations Made By IJEC Rank Journal Name Ratio Total Citation ( ) 1 Communications of the ACM 3.35% 2 MIS Quarterly 2.90% 3 International Journal of Electronic Commerce 2.80% 4 Journal of Management Information Systems 2.12% 5 Harvard Business Review 2.04% 6 Management Science 2.01% 7 Information and Management 1.08% 8 Journal of Marketing 0.99% 9 Decision Support Systems 0.97% 10 Sloan Management Review 0.97% 11 Information Systems Research 0.86% 12 Academy of Management Review 0.82% 13 Journal of Consumer Research 0.82% 14 Journal of Marketing Research 0.81% 15 Organization Science 0.72% 16 Information Systems Management 0.52% 17 Electronic Markets 0.52% 18 Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 0.48% 19 Journal of Strategic Information Systems 0.45% 20 Wall Street Journal 0.41% 21 American Economic Review 0.38% 22 Journal of Political Economy 0.38%

9 9 Table 2: Ranking of Journals by Total Citations Received By IJEC Rank Journal Name Ratio Total Citations ( ) 1 International Journal of Electronic Commerce 23.84% 2 Information and Management 17.93% 3 Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce 5.49% 4 Decision Support Systems 2.74% 5 Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2.32% 6 Information Systems Research 2.11% 7 Internet Research 2.11% 8 Journal of Computer Information Systems 2.11% 9 Behavior and Information Technology 1.90% 10 International Federation for Information Processing 1.69% 11 Journal of Strategic Information Systems 1.27% 12 Expert Systems with Applications 1.05% 13 Information Systems Management 1.05% 14 International Journal of Information Management 1.05% 15 Development 0.84% 16 Information and Software Technology 0.84% 17 Journal of Management Information Systems 0.84% 18 Communications of the ACM 0.63% 19 Group Decision and Negotiation 0.63% 20 Information Systems Journal 0.63% 21 Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 0.63% 22 Urban Geography 0.63% 4.3 The Distinct Journal Preference Difference between EC and MIS Authors Based on the top 22 citation data of International Journal of Electronic Commerce in JCR database (see Table 1), we also collected the comparative citation data of Information Systems Research in In the same period of time, Information Systems Research cover 7654 items of cited data reported in JCR database. The disciplines categorization is based on the work of Hamilton and Ives (1980). After collecting those citation data from JCR database, the comparative research results are illustrated as follows (see Table 3):

10 Electronic Commerce Studies 10 Rank in IJEC Table 3: Ranking of Journals by Total Citations Compared with ISR Journal Name IJEC-Ratio ISR-Ratio Discipline Cited 6 Management Science 2.01% 3.36% Management Science 2 MIS Quarterly 2.90% 5.00% MIS 4 Journal of Management Information Systems 2.12% 1.36% MIS 7 Information and Management 1.08% 0.86% MIS 9 Decision Support Systems 0.97% 0.80% MIS 11 Information Systems Research 0.86% 2.56% MIS 16 Information Systems Management 0.52% 0.03% MIS 19 Journal of Strategic Information Systems 0.45% 0.03% MIS 8 Journal of Marketing 0.99% 0.50% Marketing 13 Journal of Consumer Research 0.82% 0.24% Marketing 14 Journal of Marketing Research 0.81% 0.67% Marketing 5 Harvard Business Review 2.04% 0.86% General Management 10 Sloan Management Review 0.97% 0.60% General Management 12 Academy of Management Review 0.82% 1.42% General Management 15 Organization Science 0.72% 1.07% General Management 20 Wall Street Journal 0.41% 0.17% Finance and Economics 21 American Economic Review 0.38% 0.35% Finance and Economics 22 Journal of Political Economy 0.38% 0.13% Finance and Economics 3 International Journal of Electronic Commerce 2.80% 0.13% EC 17 Electronic Markets 0.52% 0.03% EC 1 Communications of the ACM 3.35% 2.85% Computer Science 18 Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 0.48% 0.00% Others The discipline categories are mainly followed the work of Hamilton and Ives (1980). For example, according the identified categories, Communications of the ACM belong to the cited discipline of computer science. The ratio means that the journal cited how many citation data ratio in the total citation data amount. In management science discipline, International Journal of Electronic Commerce only cited 2.01% citation data from management science is much less than traditional MIS journal Information Systems Research did 3.36% in the same time period. It possibly means that traditional MIS journal focus more effort on management science tool or theory application. At this point, researchers in EC area possibly not spend so much effort than

11 11 traditional MIS research stream. In MIS field journals (see Figure 1), EC researchers especially prefer reading Journal of Management Information Systems (2.12%), Information and Management (1.08%), Decision Support Systems (0.97%), Information Systems Management (0.52%), and Journal of Strategic Information Systems (0.45%) than traditional MIS authors in Information Systems Research. Rather than, less citation of MIS Quarterly (2.90% compared with 5.00% of Information Systems Research citation ratio) and Information Systems Research (0.86% compared with 2.56% of possible self-cited Information Systems Research citation ratio). It is possible that EC researchers discussed the various EC issues adopting the perspectives of DSS, or strategic information systems. Figure 1: Comparative citation data ratio in MIS area journal between IJEC and ISR From Figure 2, one distinct feature of EC research compared with that in MIS discipline is that EC researchers especially focus on absorbing more marketing knowledge from Journal of Marketing (0.99%), Journal of Marketing Research (0.81%), and Journal of Consumer Research (0.82%), than MIS researchers did in the It is evident that the three journals are top ones in marketing discipline or consumer research sub-discipline area. Thus, we could infer that EC researchers did in recent years take much more efforts in reading marketing discipline knowledge for enriching EC research results than traditional MIS researchers did. Especially, from the citation comparison of Journal of Consumer Research, the discussion of consumer behavior research in EC area in past several years has been a hot topic perceived by successful EC researchers.

12 Electronic Commerce Studies 12 Figure 2: Comparative citation data ratio in Marketing discipline journal between IJEC and ISR From the perspective of general business journal or industrial management journal (see Figure 3), Harvard Business Review (2.04% compared with 0.86% of Information Systems Research citation ratio)and Sloan Management Review (0.97% compared with 0.60% of Information Systems Research citation ratio) are two most important journals perceived by successful EC authors as innovative resource of general business or industrial management knowledge. One specific preference point of view is that successful EC authors in International Journal of Electronic Commerce indeed take much more effort in reading the two main journals than traditional MIS authors. In contrast, traditional MIS authors of Information Systems Research plunged more effort into retrieving knowledge of Organization Science (1.07% compared with 0.72% of International Journal of Electronic Commerce citation ratio) and Academy of Management Review (1.42% compared with 0.82% of International Journal of Electronic Commerce citation ratio) than EC authors of International Journal of Electronic Commerce did in It is evident that EC researchers have some or to some extent journal preference reading difference in general management journal group, compared with traditional MIS journal authors.

13 13 Figure 3: Comparative citation data ratio in general management area journal between IJEC and ISR As for the perspectives of journal preference in financial or economics area (see Figure 4), successful EC authors in International Journal of Electronic Commerce did prefer reading Wall Street Journal (0.41% compared with 0.17% of Information Systems Research citation ratio), American Economic Review (0.38% compared with 0.35% of Information Systems Research citation ratio), and Journal of Political Economy (0.38% compared with 0.13% of Information Systems Research citation ratio), than authors of Information Systems Research did in Apparently, the nature of EC research could possibly retrieve knowledge resource from financial and economics area. In addition, for MIS researchers, the suggestion is that doing EC research from financial or economics perspectives should begin reading these three professional financial and economics journals. Figure 4: Comparative citation data ratio in Financial and Economics area journal between IJEC and ISR

14 Electronic Commerce Studies 14 According to the suggestion provided by Bharati and Tarasewich (2002), the top dedicated EC journals cover International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Electronic Commerce Research, Electronic Markets, and the Journal of Electronic Commerce Research. In this study, authors in International Journal of Electronic Commerce indeed paid more attention on Electronic Markets (0.52% compared with 0.03% of Information Systems Research citation ratio) and possible self-cited International Journal of Electronic Commerce (2.8% compared with 0.13% of Information Systems Research citation ratio), than authors of Information Systems Research did in From Figure 5, the comparative citation data ratio also objectively validated again that successful EC authors in International Journal of Electronic Commerce should pay more attention on reading new dedicated professional EC journals such as Electronic Markets, than traditional MIS researchers. Figure 5: Comparative citation data ratio in EC area journal between IJEC and ISR Communications of the ACM is almost equally important journal for both EC and traditional MIS researchers (Mylonopoulos and Theoharakis 2001; Bharati and Tarasewich 2002). According to the discipline categories identified by Hamilton and Ives (1980), it belongs to the cited discipline of computer science. In this study, we even more said that the relative importance perceived by EC researchers (3.35%) is greater than authors in traditional top MIS journal (2.85%). The last point of view from this comparative analysis is that EC researchers invest more efforts in reading Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (0.48% compared with zero of Information Systems Research citation ratio) than authors of Information Systems Research did in Based on cost-benefit principle, we suggested that EC researchers should pay to some extent attention to this journal content.

15 15 5. Conclusions Any discipline, field, or area striving toward scientific maturity, it needs to examine regularly the nature, structure, development and dissemination of knowledge. EC area should be no exception. Results of this study provide an objective and quantitative means to evaluate journal preference knowledge in EC research. This study contributes successful EC authors journal preference reading list. It provides a different perspective for EC research. Compared this study with the list of Bharati and Tarasewich (2002) should be beneficial for understanding deeply EC research journal list. In addition, in this study, EC researchers could further understand successful authors journal reading preference pattern. A lot of EC related papers were published in dedicated EC journal or traditional MIS journal. Traditional MIS researches indeed have a very high level of difficulty to discern the distinct features between dedicated EC journal and traditional MIS journals. This study has, to some extent, answered this question as well as noted their difference and similarity. Some researchers (Eom 1998; Keen 1980; Katerattanakul and Hong 2003) have suggested that exploring the reference disciplines will improve the target discipline, field, or area. Furthermore, Katerattanakul and Hong (2003) said that the survey approach may be affected by the subjective opinion and some inherent measurement biases. Hence, this study contributed to point out those main contributing area for EC research via citation analysis approach. From the comparative results between EC and MIS journal, EC authors prefer reading some specific reference journals in some reference disciplines or fields. As for limitation in this study, one major limitation is that only those citations in International Journal of Electronic Commerce are included. It is expectable that each citation made and received by one specific journal will be influenced by its editorial policy. Although International Journal of Electronic Commerce is the top one dedicated EC journal, future research should include more dedicated EC journals or cover more EC journal articles from different discipline journals via article content analysis approach. The other limitation is also similar for Information Systems Research to be a representative. Future research should be conducted a more comprehensive study based on more traditional MIS journals inclusion.

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