MYRRHA. Multipurpose hybrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications. Copyright 2015 SCK CEN

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1 MYRRHA Multipurpose hybrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications

2 R&D carried out in support to the MYRRHA Project ESNII Biennial conference March 2015 Brussels, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium or

3 MYRRHA - Accelerator Driven System Accelerator (600 MeV - 4 ma proton) Reactor Subcritical or Critical modes 65 to 100 MWth Spallation Source Multipurpose Flexible Irradiation Facility Fast Neutron Source Lead-Bismuth coolant

4 R&D Topics Accelerator Materials Fuel LBE Technology Components & Experiments Chemical Conditioning Programme Instrumentation & Control Computer code

5 MYRRHA Accelerator Challenge fundamental parameters (ADS) particle p beam energy 600 MeV beam current 4 ma mode CW MTBF > 250 h failure = beam trip > 3 s implementation superconducting linac frequency / / MHz reliability = redundancy double injector fault tolerant scheme

6 Redundancy & Fault tolerant design parallel scheme serial scheme: IF n fail g 1 g 2 I g n modularity 6

7 MYRRHA Linear Accelerator: R&D fields 7

8 R&D line Goals Test platform: experimentally address the injector design though prototyping tool for relevant reliability minded experience Main topics: Beam characterization CW operation of the 4-rod RFQ SS RF MHz 160kW Diagnostics for high current beams 3-tier Control System Long reliability runs Principal partners: FP7 -MAX H2020 MYRTE Research organisations: CERN, CEA, IPNO, LPSC, IAP, UCL/CRC,, U Darmstad, industries: ACS, ADEX,EA,IBA, Thales ED, NTG, Pantechnik, Cosylab 4-rod RFQ QWR CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 Rebuncher CH6/7 CH8/9 CH10/ MeV 3.6 MeV 17.0 MeV 8

9 The ECR proton source Pantechnik Monogan 1000 ECR Ion souce 30keV, 20mA Electron Cyclotron Resonance, 2.45 GHz multi-electrodes extraction system flat magnetic profile configuration by PMs tapered axial RF injection Einzel electrostatic focusing lens voltage 30 kv (40 kv capable) beam current 20 ma DC RF 2.45 GHz, 1200 W transverse 5 ma 0.1 π mm mrad RMS norm. magnetic system Permanent Magnets autonomous control system NI CompactRIO provisions for reliability/repairability beam diagnostics devices incl.: Faraday Cup, Allison scanner 9

10 The Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line LPSC Grenoble 30 kev magnetic LEBT Gas injection ports 2-axis collimation slits Faraday cup Solenoids + H/V steerers Allison scanners and beam profiler Beam chopper back-up port 10

11 Role of materials research for development of MYRRHA Design tools: Nuclear manufacturing codes: RCC-MRx, Fuel codes FE calculations Design Construction Materials properties Data Missing data for MYRRHA: Basic characteristics of candidate materials Effects of LBE & irradiation on material properties Physical effects

12 Corrosion loop CRAFT Corrosion program Qualification of the selected materials Establishment of service envelope Underlying mechanisms investigation Corrosion CORRIDA loop Stagnant conditions set-ups Very low oxygen Controlled oxygen

13 Mechanical tests Qualification of the 316L & for application in LBE Development of procedures for tests in liquid metals Assessment of LBE effects on mechanical properties Underlying mechanisms investigation FP7 / H2020 projects

14 Set-ups for mechanical tests in LBE LIMETS 1 Tensile & Fracture toughness tests in LBE LIMETS 3 Fatigue tests in LBE LIMETS 4 Tensile & Fracture toughness tests in LBE Hot cell 12 & LIMETS 2 Tensile and FT tests of irradiated* steels in liquid metal *Licensed for α (Po) contaminated specimens

15 Irradiation of materials : LEXUR II, RIAR (Russia), BR2 Irradiation of MYRRHA candidate materials in LBE environment Layout of irradiation rig Irradiation rig Capsules holder Holder with pressurized tubes & corrosion specimens capsules Capsule with specimens for mechanical tests Capsule with pressurized tube Capsule with corrosion specimens

16 dose distribution Core midplane Pressurized tubes, corrosion specimens: 34.5 dpa Tensile specimens I: 28.6 dpa Tensile specimens II: 29 dpa CT: 28.1 dpa Tensile specimens RIAR: 28.9 dpa 16

17 Cladding Tubes Manufacturing Pictures taken of the production of cladding

18 MYRRHA fuel transient performance Goal of the test: establish failure threshold Failure / non-failure vs deposited energy per mass of fuel Characterization of the crack For non-failure cases: Measurement of the cladding expansion vs deposited energy Application is MYRRHA fuel and conditions Lead-Bismuth coolant at 300 C Simulating burnup accumulation: clad hardening and pellet-clad gap-closure

19 TRIGA -Annular Core Pulse Reactor Tests (Pitesti Romania) 19/22

20 LBE CRAFT LIMETS 1,2,3,4 HELIOS 3 Heavy Liquid Metal Lab MEXICO LiLiPuTTeR-II RHAPTER COMPLOT ESCAPE US lab Materials LBE conditionning Component testing & TH Instrumentation

21 HELIOS 3 Purpose Delivery of conditioned LBE for experiments in labs Study of the feasibility of gas recirculation for conditioning of LBE Build-up of conditioning know-how for scale up to large facilities 21

22 HELIOS 3 layout Melting (40 litres LBE) Storage (120 litres LBE) Conditioning (20 litres LBE ) 3.8 m 22

23 LBE oxygen content (wt%) Cover gas H2 concentration (%) HELIOS3: reduction 1.E E start 1.E E E-07 1.E-08 Red9 O1 Red9 O3 H2 % After 40h 1.E Time (h)

24 Heavy Metal lab

25 Heavy metal lab R&D activities on chemistry in LBE chemistry and control of dissolved oxygen in LBE oxygen sensor development evaporation spallation and fission products from LBE Capture of spallation and fission products

26 Heavy metal lab - R&D contaminant evaporation oxygen chemistry mercury evaporation & capture oxygen sensors oxygen control

27 To develop and verify oxygen control system with PbO mass exchanger, electrochemical oxygen pumps, filter and cold trap PbO [Pb] + LBE [O] LBE MEXICO Loop Purpose

28 over 3000 h of experiment time, kg LBE circulated MEXICO LBE loop pilot-scale demonstration of oxygen control technologies: accurate & stable oxygen control of 7000 kg of LBE oxygen control ON MEXICO loop

29 RHAPTER Mechanical component tests for in-lbe robotics Isothermal pool facility Interchangeable test modules Specifications C 50 l LBE Vacuum or gas cover Drive axle and load axle Variable torque and rotation speed Instrumentation Torque sensor Position encoder Accelerometer Thermocouples Pressure gauge Status: in operation since September 2011

30 RHAPTER Programme Bearing tests Roller bearings for use in remote handling Status: screening tests finished verification of test methods (chemical analysis, microscopy, SEM, vibration analysis) On-going : long term tests, reciprocating Cable tests Mineral insulated cables in rotating motion for use in Remote Handling Fatigue reduction Other RHAPTER tests Linear drive (lead screw) Journal bearings Gears

31 COMPLOT = COMponent LOop Testing COMPLOT Hydraulic and hydrodynamic behaviour of components Purpose Characterisation of component behaviour Qualification of CFD and FE tools Operational experience of LBE systems Characteristics Representing one fuel channel/ips at full height LBE as working fluid Isothermal loop Interchangeable test modules Partially funded by FP7 MAXSIMA

32 COMPLOT Important facility for testing Reactor components (Scale 1/1) Fuel assembly hydraulic tests Pressure losses Vibration tests Spallation target hydraulic tests Pressure losses, flow distribution Vibration tests Control and safety rod hydrodynamic tests Drag, insertion speed, vibration Long term reliability tests

33 Parameter Value Design Pressure (Bar) 16 Material Operational temperature range ( C) 316L Flow rate range (m3/h) Flow rate range (kg/s) LBE Volume (litres) ~ 800 Installed tracing (kw) 75 Main characteristics Isothermal loop Two vertical test sections representative of one fuel channel/ips at full height Up to 11 m in vertical height Large range of flow rates Pump variable speed drive Flow control valve Bypass line with pressure control valve Inlet & outlet buffers Loop vs. pool Eliminate swirl and velocity profile variations Reduce transient pressures

34 COMPLOT: Status and planning

35 COMPLOT LBE loop hydraulic and hydrodynamic behaviour of full-scale MYRRHA components in LBE: fuel assembly, spallation target, control and safety rods commissioning and hydraulic characterisation of instrumentation and equipment with a flow rate of 75 kg/s at 200 C COMPLOT Fuel mock-up COMPLOT Pump efficiency

36 E-SCAPE E-SCAPE = European SCAled Pool Experiment Thermal-hydraulic behaviour of a flowing liquid metal in a pool geometry Purpose Characterisation of pool T/H phenomena Qualification of CFD and system tools Operational experience on LBE systems Characteristics 1/6 geometrical scale factor LBE as working fluid Forced and natural circulation Partially funded by FP7 THINS

37 E-SCAPE Reactor pool thermal hydraulic tests Thermal-hydraulic pool facility reduced scale Specifications 2500 l LBE C Gas cover Variable flow rate Instrumentation Flow and velocity measurements Temperature measurements Pressure measurements Level measurements

38 Physical code on fuel assemblies 12 notches at the entrance nozzle of a MYRRHA fuel assembly Each notch can have five different depths Ultrasonic code reader 12 ultrasonic transducers at the gripper of the fuel manipulators Fuel identification system Differential depth measurement allows for reliable notch depth measurement Error detection and error correction algorithms make the system robust against failing transducers or other misreadings 38

39 Lost fuel localization system A single transducer scans the diaphragm from a safe distance Any disturbance in arrival time or amplitude of the reflected pulse is an indication for the presence of the lost assembly A rough grid-like search path is followed to determine a first point on the lost fuel assembly More detailed inspection around the first point allows for full determination of the position of the lost fuel assembly 39

40 2010: GUINEVERE at VENUS Deuterium source Bending magnet Vertical line GENEPI- 3C Venus bunker Control room VENUS Control room GENEPI- 3C

41 GUINEVERE a tool for data/code validation Pb top reflector Pb radial reflector Core in metallic uranium and lead Safety rods with fuel follower Pb bottom reflector

42 GUINEVERE a tool for data/code validation Model vs reality geometry materials Experimental validation of Flux traverses Control rod worth Will be a pillar for the V&V for the licensing of MYRRHA

43 von Karman Institute collaboration Thermohydraulic Study on MYRRHA Model Design of the Lead-Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) Primary Pumps Ultrasonic Imaging in the LBE Pool Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Study of Steam & Solids Dispersion Sloshing Study in MYRRHA Vessel

44 von Karman Institute collaboration

45 R&D European Projects MATERIALS (GETMAT, MATTER, MATISSE) FUEL (MAXSIMA, MYRTE) CODE (FREYA, ARCAS, ANDES, MYRTE) ACCELERATOR (MAX, MYRTE) LBE Technology Components & Experiments (THINS, SEARCH, MAXSIMA, MYRTE) Chemical Conditioning Programme (SEARCH, MYRTE) Safety related experiments (THINS, SEARCH, MAXSIMA) Instrumentation & Control (CDT, LEADER, LCI) Design & Licensing (SARGEN, SILER, CDT)

46 - PLEASE NOTE! This presentation contains data, information and formats for dedicated use ONLY and may not be copied, distributed or cited without the explicit permission of the. If this has been obtained, please reference it as a personal communication. By courtesy of. Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie Centre d'etude de l'energie Nucléaire Belgian Nuclear Research Centre Stichting van Openbaar Nut Fondation d'utilité Publique Foundation of Public Utility Registered Office: Avenue Herrmann-Debrouxlaan 40 BE-1160 BRUSSELS Operational Office: Boeretang 200 BE-2400 MOL