Volumetrie Analysis o( Metal Finishing Solutions

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1 Volumetrie Analysis o( Metal Finishing Solutions AUTHOR: Andrew K. McFadyen B.Sc, C.Chem., FRSC To My Wife..^tSNV ASM INTERNATIONAL Materials Park, Ohio, U.S.A. FINISHING PUBLICATIONS LTD, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, England

in TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION IX 2. METHODS Aluminium Anodising and pretreatment. 02.01 Anodising (sulphuric acid type- free sulphuric acid) 1. 02.02 Anodising (sulphuric acid type- total sulphuric acid) 2.

2 in TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION IX 2. METHODS Aluminium Anodising and pretreatment Anodising (sulphuric acid type- free sulphuric acid) Anodising (sulphuric acid type- total sulphuric acid) Anodising (sulphuric acid type- aluminium - method 1) Anodising (sulphuric acid type- aluminium - method 2) Anodising (sulphuric acid type- chloride) Anodising (oxalic acid type-oxalic acid) Anodising (oxalic-sulphuric type- oxalic acid) Anodising (oxalic-sulphuric type- total sulphuric acid) Anodising (oxalic-sulphuric type-free sulphuric acid) Anodising (chromic acid type-chromium trioxide - method 1) Anodising (chromic acid type-chromium trioxide - method 2) Anodising (chromic acid type-sulphate) Anodising (chromic acid type-chloride) Aluminium (alkaline etches- aluminium in alkaline etch) Aluminium (anodising sealing solutions-nickel) 16. Electroplating and Electroless Plating Solutions Brass (copper-zinc alloy-copper) Brass (copper-zinc alloy-zinc) Brass (copper-zinc alloy-free Cyanide) Brass (copper-zinc alloy- carbonate) Brass (copper-zinc alloy- sodium sulphite) Bronze (copper-tin alloy- copper) Bronze (copper-tin alloy- tin) Bronze (copper-tin alloy- free Cyanide) Bronze (copper-tin alloy- free sodium hydroxide) Bronze (copper-tin alloy- sodium carbonate) Cadmium (cyanide type- cadmium - method 1) Cadmium (cyanide type- cadmium - method 2) Cadmium (cyanide type- total sodium Cyanide) Cadmium (cyanide type- sodium hydroxide) Cadmium (cyanide type- sodium carbonate) Chromium (hexavalent type- chromium trioxide) 36.

IV 06.02 Chromium (hexavalent type- trivalent chromium) 37. 06.03 Chromium (hexavalent type- sulphuric acid- method 1) 38. 06.04 Chromium (hexavalent type- sulphuric acid- method 2) 39. 06.05 Chromium (hexavalent type- fluoride, silicofluoride) 41.

3 IV Chromium (hexavalent type- trivalent chromium) Chromium (hexavalent type- sulphuric acid- method 1) Chromium (hexavalent type- sulphuric acid- method 2) Chromium (hexavalent type- fluoride, silicofluoride) Chromium (hexavalent type- mixed oxides) Chromium (hexavalent type- iron) Copper (acid sulphate type- copper-method 1) Copper (acid sulphate type- copper - method 2) Copper (acid sulphate type- sulphuric acid) Copper (acid sulphate type- chloride -gravimetric) Copper (acid sulphate type- iron - gravimetric) Copper (Cyanide type- copper) Copper (Cyanide type- free Cyanide) Copper (cyanide type- carbonate) Copper (cyanide type- hydroxide) Copper (cyanide type- potassium sodium tartrate) Copper (pyrophosphate type- copper) Copper (pyrophosphate type- total pyrophosphate) Copper (fluoborate type- copper) Copper (fluoborate type- free fluoboric acid) Copper (electroless- copper) Copper (electroless- formaldehyde) Gold (cyanide type- gold - method 1 - gravimetric) Gold (cyanide type- gold - method 2 - gravimetric) Gold (Cyanide type- gold - method 3) Gold (cyanide type- free potassium cyanide) Gold (cyanide type- potassium carbonate) Gold (cyanide type- copper) Lead (fluoborate type- lead) Lead (fluoborate type- free fluoboric acid) Nickel Solutions (Watts type- nickel sulphate) Nickel Solutions (Watts type- nickel chloride) Nickel Solutions (Watts type- boric acid) Nickel (sulphamate type- nickel sulphamate) Nickel (sulphamate type- nickel chloride) Nickel (sulphamate type- boric acid) Nickel strike (acid sulphate type- nickel sulphate) Nickel strike (acid sulphate type- sulphuric acid) Nickel strike (acid chloride type- nickel chloride) Nickel strike (acid chloride type- hydrochloric acid - method 1) Nickel strike (acid chloride type- hydrochloric acid - method 2) Nickel (autocatalytic/electroless, hypophosphite type- nickel) 85.

10.13 Nickel (electroless/autocatalytic hypophosphite type- sodium hypophosphite- method 1) 86. 10.14 Nickel (electroless/autocatalytic hypophosphite type- sodium hypophosphite- method 2) 87. 10.15 Nickel (electroless/autocatalytic hypophosphite typesodium phosphite) 88.

4 10.13 Nickel (electroless/autocatalytic hypophosphite type- sodium hypophosphite- method 1) Nickel (electroless/autocatalytic hypophosphite type- sodium hypophosphite- method 2) Nickel (electroless/autocatalytic hypophosphite typesodium phosphite) Cobalt-nickel Solutions- nickel Cobalt-nickel Solutions- cobalt Palladium nickel alloy- nickel Palladium- palladium Silver (Cyanide type- silver - method 1) Silver (Cyanide type- silver - method 2) Silver (Cyanide type- free Cyanide) Silver (Cyanide type- carbonate) Silver (cyanide type- hydroxide) Silver (cyanide type- copper) Tin (acid sulphate type- stannous tin) Tin (acid sulphate type- total tin) Tin (acid sulphate type- free sulphuric acid) Tin (acid fluoborate type- stannous tin) Tin (acid fluoborate type- fluoboric acid) Tin (alkaline stannate type- tin [stannate]) Tin (alkaline stannate type- free hydroxide) Tin (alkaline stannate type- sodium carbonate) Tin-lead (fluoborate type- stannous tin) Tin-lead (fluoborate type- lead - method 1) Tin-lead (fluoborate type- lead - method 2) Tin-lead (fluoborate type- free fluoboric acid) Tin-lead (fluoborate type- total tin) Tin-lead (methane sulphonic acid type- stannous tin) Tin-lead (methane sulphonic acid type- total tin) Tin-lead (methane sulphonic acid type- lead - method 1) Tin-lead (methane sulphonic acid type- lead - method 2) Tin-lead (methane sulphonic acid type- free methane sulphonic acid) Tin-nickel alloy- stannous tin Tin-nickel alloy- total tin Ti n-nickel alloy- nickel Tin-nickel alloy- total chloride Tin-nickel alloy- fluoride Tin-zinc alloy (cyanide type- stannous tin) Tin-zinc alloy (cyanide type- zinc) Tin-zinc alloy (cyanide type- total Cyanide) 124. V

VI 16.04 Tin-zinc alloy (cyanide type- total hydroxide) 125. 17.01 Zinc (cyanide type- zinc - method 1) 126. 17.02 Zinc (cyanide type- zinc - method 2) 127. 17.03 Zinc (cyanide type- zinc - method 3) 128.

5 VI Tin-zinc alloy (cyanide type- total hydroxide) Zinc (cyanide type- zinc - method 1) Zinc (cyanide type- zinc - method 2) Zinc (cyanide type- zinc - method 3) Zinc (cyanide type- total sodium cyanide) Zinc (cyanide type- sodium hydroxide - method 1) Zinc (cyanide type- sodium hydroxide - method 2) Zinc (cyanide type- sodium carbonate) Zinc (acid chloride type- zinc - method 1) Zinc (acid chloride type- zinc - method 2) Zinc (acid chloride type- total chloride - method 1) Zinc (acid chloride type- total chloride - method 2) Zinc (acid chloride type- boric acid) Zinc (alkaline, non-cyanide- zinc) Zinc (alkaline, non-cyanide- sodium hydroxide) Antimony (fluoride type- antimony) Antimony (fluoride type- free hydrofluoric acid) Arsenic (cyanide type- arsenic) Arsenic (cyanide type- free Cyanide) Cobalt (sulphate/chloride type) Cobalt (sulphate/chloride type-cobalt chloride) Cobalt (sulphate/chloride type- boric acid) Indium (cyanide type- indium) Indium (cyanide type- total Cyanide) Indium (cyanide type- total hydroxide) Indium (acid sulphate type- indium) Indium (acid sulphate type- free sulphuric acid) Iron (sulphate type- iron) Iron (sulphate type- ammonium sulphate) Iron (chloride type- iron) Iron (chloride type- free hydrochloric acid) Iron (chloride type- calcium chloride) Palladium (chloride type- palladium - method 1) Palladium (chloride type- palladium - method 2) Palladium (chloride type- chloride) Palladium (chloride type-nitrite) Platinum (diamino nitrite type- platinum) Platinum (diamino nitrite type- nitrite) Platinum (diamino nitrite type- ammonium nitrate) Rhodium (sulphate type- rhodium) Rhodium (sulphate type- sulphuric acid) 165.

VII Miscellaneous Solutions 19.01 Cleaners (alkaline- sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate) 166. 19.04 Cleaners (alkaline- sodium carbonate, trisodium oithophosphate anhydrous) 169. 19.02 Cleaners (alkaline- sodium hydroxide, trisodium ortho phosphate anhydrous) 167.

6 VII Miscellaneous Solutions Cleaners (alkaline- sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate) Cleaners (alkaline- sodium carbonate, trisodium oithophosphate anhydrous) Cleaners (alkaline- sodium hydroxide, trisodium ortho phosphate anhydrous) Cleaners (alkaline) Etches and pickling solutions (acid- sulphuric acid) Etches and pickling solutions (acid- hydrochloric acid) Etches and pickling solutions (acid- ortho-phosphoric acid) Etches and pickling solutions (acid- nitric acid) Hydrogen peroxide-concentration Sodium hypochlorite- concentration 177. Standard Volumetrie Solutions Standard Volumetrie solutions- standardisation of 1.0M hydrochloric acid) Standard Volumetrie solutions- standardisation of 1.0M sodium hydroxide) Standard Volumetrie solutions- standardisation of 0.1M silver nitrate) Standard Volumetrie solutions- standardisation of 0.1M sodium thiosulphate) Standard Volumetrie solutions- standardisation of 0.0IM thorium nitrate) Standard Volumetrie solutions- standardisation of 0.IM ferrous ammonium sulphate Standard Volumetrie solutions- standardisation of 0.1M potassium thioeyanate Standard Volumetrie solutions- prepaiation of 0.05M potassium iodate - primary Standard Supplementery Methods S1/01 Phosphating solutions (free ortho-phosphoric acid) 190. S1/02 Phosphating solutions (iron) 191. Sl/03 Phosphating solutions (calcium) 192. Sl/04 Phosphating solutions (zinc) 193. S2/01 Yellow passivating Solution (zinc - Hexavalent Chiomium Compounds) 194. S2/02 Yellow passivating Solution (zinc - Trivalent Chromium 196.

7 VIII S2.03 Blue passivating Solution (zinc - hexavalent chromium Compounds) 197. S2/04 Blue passivating Solution (zinc trivalent chromium) 199. S2/05 Black passivating Solution (zinc - hexavalent chromium Compounds) 200. S3/01 Copper Electropolishing Solutions (phosphoric acid type - ortho-phosphoric acid) 202. S/302 Copper Electropolishing Solutions (phosphoric acid type - copper) 203. S3/03 Copper Electropolishing Solutions (chromic-phosphoric acid type - chromium trioxide) 204. S4/01 Copper Chemical Polishing Solutions (chromicsulphuric acid type - chromium trioxide) 205. S4/02 Copper Chemical Polishing Solutions (chromic- Sulphuric Acid type - sulphuric acid) 206. S4/03 Copper Chemical Polishing Solutions (peroxide type - hydrogen peroxide) 207. S4/04 Copper Chemical Polishing Solutions (peroxide type - copper) 208. S5/01 Aluminium Electropolishing Solutions (sulphuricphosphoric acid type - aluminium) 209.' S5/02 Aluminium Electropolishing Solutions (sulphuricphosphoric type - sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid) 210. S5/03 Aluminium Electropolishing Solutions (sulphuricchromic acid type - chromium trioxide) 211. S5/04 Aluminium Electropolishing Solutions (sulphuric- Chromic Acid type - sulphuric acid) 212. S5/05 Aluminium Electropolishing Solutions (sulphuricchromic acid type - aluminium) 213. S5/06 Aluminium Electropolishing Solutions (fluoboricboric acid type - fluoboric acid) 215. S5/07 Aluminium Electropolishing Solutions (fluoboricboric acid type - aluminium) 216. S5/08 Aluminium Electropolishing Solutions (fluoboricboric acid type - boric acid) 217. S5/09 Aluminium Electropolishing (sodium carbonate phosphate type - sodium carbonate-trisodium ortho-phosphate 218. S5/10 Aluminium Electropolishing (sodium carbonate phosphate type - aluminium) 219. S6/01 Aluminium Chemical Polishing Solutions (phosphoricnitric acid type - nitric acid, ortho-phosphoric acid 220. S6/02 Aluminium Chemical Polishing Solutions (orthnophosphoricnitric type - aluminium) 222. S7/01 Zinc Alloy Processes (zinc-nickel type - zinc) 223. S7/02 Zinc Alloy Processes (zinc-nickel type - nickel) 224. S7/03 Zinc Alloy Processes (zinc-nickel type - zinc) 225. S7/04 Zinc Alloy Processes (zinc-cobalt type - cobalt) 226.