ODS Banks - Assessing the climate impact of an unseen environmental threat

Transcription

1 ODS Banks - Assessing the climate impact of an unseen environmental threat Montreal, 22 November 2017 Side Event, 29th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol GIZ Proklima Seite 1

2 Agenda Background Project information and publications on ODS Banks Global ODS and HFC Banks: Summary of methodology and results Preventive management of ODS/HFC Banks emissions Seite 2

3 ODS and HFC banks management Banks are defined as the total amount of substances contained in existing equipment, chemical stockpiles, foams and other products not yet released to the atomosphere (IPCC/TEAP, 2005) Management of banks today CFC (unusable) HCFC contaminated HFC contaminated Management of banks in the future CFC (unusable) HCFC HFC Seite 3

4 Context and amounts Source: GIZ 2017: Global Roadmap on ODS bank management Seite 4

5 ODS Banks Project information Funded by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) within the framework of the International Climate Initiative (IKI) Implemented by GIZ Proklima Project duration: November 2013 October 2020 Global project with up to 5 partner countries/regions Partner institutions: ministries of environment / industry / technology and their national ozone units Partner countries: Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ghana, Iran and Tunisia Seite 5

6 NEW: Guidelines on ODS banks Management Seite 6

7 Practical guides and posters XXX Seite 7

8 Global ODS and HFC Banks: summary of methodology and results Seite 8

9 NEW: Global banks a country-level estimate Methodology Basis: Consumption data from the Ozone Secretariat of the gases CFC-11, CFC-12, HCFC-22, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b Assumption for the sector distribution between foam and RAC Consumption corrected by import and export from pre-filled equipment (refrigerators and slit Acs); source: UNComTrade data Bank calculated separately for both sectors according to logic of the IPCC Good Practice Guidlines Explanation of detailed methodology and calculation published in the study (see annex) Seite 9

10 Results: Global ODS Bank 5600 kt ODS (2014) Seite 10

11 Global ODS and HFC Bank 9,9 Gt CO2eq ODS und 3,7 Gt CO2eq HFKW (2014) Seite 11

12 ODS Bank in country groups ODS Bank A5 coutries 2600 kt ODS (2014) ODS Bank non-a5 countries 3070 kt ODS (2014) Seite 12

13 ODS Banks Top 15 in A5 countries Seite 13

14 ODS and HFC Bank in A5 countries until 2020 Seite 14

15 Estimated annual remaining amounts in products and installation until equipment becomes waste (A5 countries) Seite 15

16 Potential end-of-life emissions from ODS bank and estimated emission reduction due to HPMP activities Seite 16

17 Preventive management of ODS/HFC Banks emissions Seite 17

18 Costs of ODS collection without changes of framework (Bau) Estimates by TEAP and ICF (2009, 2010): 9-13 US$/kg for large equipment, but up to US$/kg for refrigerators (refrigerant) and US$/kg (foam blowing agent); BUT: these costs are estimated under the assumption that no regulation for recovery and take-back of refrigernans by retail/industry are in place; In case of an obligatory take-back the financing needs to be provided/ensured by producers, importers or retail; Cost comparison HCFC Phase-out ca. 4 billion USD Seite 18

19 Future Challenges Paradigm change: With the decrease of CFCs and increase of HCFCs and HFCs, AC / commercial sector becomes more dominant than domestic refrigeration In the future, applications with high leakage rate increase: maximising reuse or climate-friendly replacement reduces the emission potential of EoL and limits need for destruction, Integration of maintenance and refrigerant return/equipment recycling & WEEE Treatment of the foams requires simple solutions in LVCs Concept for maintenance / returns with new blends open question Need to assess the environmental impact of new low GWP HFCs in RAC and foam? Role of carbon markets for HCFC destruction of low importance Seite 19

20 From cradle to cradle Manage existing ODS Banks Prevent ODS Banks Future Management: Less CFCs, increasing HCFCs and HFC, prevention before destruction increasing number of chemical mixtures increases complexity Life Cycle Management of Refrigeration Equipment Supply Chain Recycling Materials Raw Materials Refining Material Production Equipment Production Importers Post Retail Use 1 st hand Repair Refurbishment Re-Use n th hand Waste Stream Junk Dealer Waste collector Recycling Disposal Pollutants Disposal Cracking (HF) Incineration Energy recovery Incineration no Energy recovery Local Env. Landfill + Environmental integrity of disposal -- Seite 20

21 Future challenges Main Shortfall: Without legal regulations and financial participation of the private sector EoL Management remains marginal Measures: Accelerated conversion of obsolete technologies associated with EoL redemption (eg. banning HFC in domestic / commercial plug ins) and implement use restrictions for obsolete technologies Link waste legislation and take-back obligations for ODS / HFC waste at level of distributers, manufacturers Effective control of illegal imports, stronger restrictions and quality control of imports of new goods Maximizing refrigerant recycling and reclamation can effectively reduce the need destruction Seite 21

22 First steps to take... National Policies to start with: General prohibition of releasing refrigerants (ODS / HFC) General obligation for Recovery, Reuse from Destruction (ODS / HFC) Ban on disposable cylinders, use of reusable cylinders Take back of used refrigerants by distributers, producers networks Promoting on site-recycling before return (possibility of direct refilling) Financing through resale of take-back by producers / trade Long term: proof of competence for maintenance technicians WEEE structures Seite 22

23 National implementation Distribution of new refrigerants only with reusable bottles (incentive), Ban on disposable cylinders, Organise refrigerant and equipment collection through maintenance companies, workshops, WEEE collection points, large consumers Concepts for limiting step 1 losses, eg. at decentralized collection points Take back of waste refrigerant cylinders by refrigerant / appliance dealer / producer, clean and refill with reclaimed refrigerant Where recycling is feasible, incentify recycling of refrigerants before destruction Content check determines possibilities Reclamation vs. Distillation vs. Destruction. Clarification of the return and processing as well as financing incentives: Reclaimed goods only against return of used refrigerant Monitoring / Enforcement Seite 23

24 International cooperation Use the existing ODS reporting and applied methodologies as the basis for country-specific inventories Meaningful extension of Art. 7 Reporting with more details on the ODS banks (not mandatory) Promote the return of old stocks by refrigerant distributors as implemented in Non-A5, e.g. the EU on a global scale Support for national working groups on identifying strategies possible concepts of EPR on a national level Formulation of prerequisites for promoting ODS/HFC recycling, reclamation, destruction Allow for integration of efforts for Servicing and EoL Management and strengthen dialogue between state and non-state actors Seite 24

25 ODS Banks publications online Global Roadmap: Inventory: guideline_-ods-banks-inventory.pdf Policy measures: guideline-policy-measures.pdf Collection systems: TBM: Manual dismantling (EN): en-weee.pdf Poster on global ODS banks management: XXX Seite 25

26 Thank you for your attention! Contact: GIZ Proklima Seite 26