MICROINDENTATION TECHNIQUES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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2 MICROINDENTATION TECHNIQUES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A symposium sponsored by ASTM Committee E-4 on Metallograpliy and by the International Metallographic Society Philadelphia, PA, July 1984 ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 889 Peter J. Blau and Brian R. Lawn National Bureau of Standards editors ASTM Publication Code Number (PCN) m 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA Jl!3r~PInternational Metallographic Society

3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Pubiication Data Microindentation techniques in materials science and engineering. (ASTM special technical publication; 889) "ASTM publication code number (PCN) " Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Materials Testing Congresses. 2. Hardness Testing Congresses. 3. Metallography Congresses. I. Blau, Peter J. II. Lawn, Brian R. III. American Society for Testing and Materials. Committee E-4 on Metallography. IV. International Metallographic Society. VI. Series. TA410.M ' ISBN Copyright by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1985 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: NOTE The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication. Printed in Ann Arbor, MI February 1986

4 Foreword This publication, Microindentation Techniques in Materials Science and Engineering, contains papers presented at the Microindentation Hardness Testing Symposium and Workshop, which was held July 1984 in Philadelphia, PA. The event was jointly sponsored by ASTM, through its Committee E-4 on Metallography, and the International Metallographic Society. Chairing the symposium were Peter J. Blau and Brian R. Lawn, both of the National Bureau of Standards, who also served as editors of this publication.

5 Related ASTM Publications Practical Applications of Quantitative Metallography, STP 839 (1984), MiCon 82: Optimization of Processing, Properties, and Service Performance Through Microstructural Control, STP 792 (1983), MiCon 78: Optimization of Processing, Properties, and Service Performance Through Microstructural Control, STP 672 (1979), Damage Tolerance of Metallic Structures: Analysis Methods and Applications, STP 842 (1984),

6 A Note of Appreciation to Reviewers The quality of the papers that appear in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors but also the unheralded, though essential, work of the reviewers. On behalf of ASTM we acknowledge with appreciation their dedication to high professional standards and their sacrifice of time and effort. ASTM Committee on Publications

7 ASTM Editorial Staff Helen P. Mahy Janet R. Schroeder Kathleen A. Greene William T. Benzing

8 Contents Introduction FUNDAMENTALS OF INDENTATION TESTING IVUcroindentations in Metals LEONARD E. SAMUELS 5 Discussion 25 Indentation of Brittle Materials DAVID B. MARSHALL AND BRIAN R. LAWN 26 Discussion 45 Characterization of Submicrometie Surface Layers by Indentation HUBERT M. POLLOCK, DANIEL MAUGIS, AND MICHEL BARQUINS 47 Vickeis Indentation Curves of Elastoplastic Materials JEAN L. LOUBET, JEAN M. GEORGES, AND GERARD MEILLE 72 Measurement of Hardness at Indentation Depths as Low as 20 Nanometres w. c. OLIVER, R. HUTCHINGS, AND J. B. PETHICA 90 Dislocation Aspects of Plastic Flow and Cracking at Indentations in Magnesium Oxide and Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine Explosive Crystals RONALD W. ARMSTRONG AND WAYNE L. ELBAN 109 TECHNIQUES AND MEASUREMENT Indentation Hardness and Its Measurement: Some Cautionary Comments DAVID TABOR 129 Use of the Indentation Size Effect on MIcrohardness for Materials Characterization PHILIP M. SARGENT 160

9 Stress and Load Dependence of Microindentation Hardness FRANZ H. VITOVEC 175 Fabrication and Certification of Electroformed Microhardness Standards DAVID R. KELLEY, CHRIS E. JOHNSON, AND DAVID S. LASHMORE 186 Use of the Scanning Electron Micr(»cope in Microhardness Testing of High-Hardness Materials ROBERT M. WESTRICH 196 ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS Applications of Microindentation Methods in Tribology Research PETER J. BLAU 209 Review of Scratch Test Studies of Abrasion Mechanisms THOMAS H. KOSEL 227 Microindentation Hardness Measurements on Metal Powder Particles T. ROBERT SHIVES AND LEONARD C. SMITH 243 Indentation Hardness of Surface-Coated Materials OLOF VINGSBO, STURE HOGMARK, BO JONSSON, AND ANDERS INGEMARSSON 257 Indentation Test for Polymer-Film-Coated Computer Board Substrate PETER A. ENGEL AND MARK D. DERWIN 272 Knoop Microhardness Testing of Paint Films WALTER W. WALKER 286 SUMMARY Summary 293 Author Index 297 Subject Index 299

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