Manual of Classification of Waste

Transcription

1 Manual of Classification of Waste Ellen Gerlach, Environmental Protection Agency Sachsen-Anhalt Dr. Brigitte Karigl, Environmental Agency Austria Workshop,

2 Content of The Manual 1. Introduction 2. Approach for waste classification 3. Hazardous Properties of waste 4. Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Waste 5. Step by Step approach for Assessment of Hazardous Properties in Practice 6. Specific Components of Specific Waste Types 2

3 1.Introduction What is the purpose of this guidance document? Assistance for authorities and companies Definition and classification of waste. Discrimination of mirror entries 3

4 2. Approach for waste classification The European Waste Catalogue (EWC) is the key document for classification of waste. Absolute hazardous (AH) entry, marked with an asterisk (*) Absolute non-hazardous (ANH) entry Mirror entry (M) (842 entries, 408 hazardous, 434 non hazardous, 180 mirror entries) 4

5 2. Approach for waste classification Step 1: Is the Waste Framework Directive(WFD) applicable? Step 2: Which entry of the European Waste Catalogue is applicable? 5

6 2. Approach for waste classification Step 3: In case of mirror entries -Is the waste a hazardous or non-hazardous waste? Does the waste display any of the hazardous properties HP1 to HP15? Step 4: Is it likely or known that the waste contains any of the Persistant Organic Pollutants (POPs)? 6

7 START Twinning Project IL/11 Waste from chapters 1-12,17-20 no Waste from the chapters 13, 14, 15 yes Waste from the sub-chapters yes 6-digit waste code yes end yes no yes no Waste from chapter 16 no Choice of xx yy 99 in the sub-chapters of 1-13, 16, 19 or 20 7

8 3. Hazardous Properties CLP-Regulation (Classification, LabellingandPackaging) (EG) Nr. 1272/2008 provides the criteria to assess the physical, human health and environmental hazards of substances. Hazard statement code: the code assigned to the hazard class and category;(e.g. a carcinogen could be H350 or H351) Hazard Class:the nature of the hazard;(e.g. a carcinogenic is Carc. ) Hazard Category:asub-category of the hazard class that describes the severity of the hazard;(e.g. a carcinogen could be 1A,1B or 2) (s. Annex VI to the CLP) 8

9 3. Hazardous Properties HP1 Explosive HP2 Oxidising HP3 Flammable HP4 Irritant skin irritation and eye damage HP5 Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT)/ Aspiration Toxicity HP6 Acute Toxicity 9

10 3. Hazardous Properties HP7 Carcinogenic HP8 Corrosive HP9 Infectious HP10 Toxic for reproduction HP11Mutagenic HP12Release of an acute toxic gas 10

11 3. Hazardous Properties HP13Sensitizing HP14Ecotoxic HP15Waste capable of exhibiting a hazardous property listed above not directly displayed by the original waste 11

12 4. Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Waste There is an European Frameworkon Waste Sampling (CEN/TC Part 1-5) and National Standards and Guidelines (Germany: LAGA PN 98) In the Council Regulation(EC) No. 440/2008 are layeddown test methods pursuant to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH) There is a number of standardized analysis methods, thatcanbeused. 12

13 5. Step by Step approach for Assessment of Hazardous Properties in Practise In the individual decision to classify a waste all available information must be taken into account, in particular: Description of the waste origin, its composition, origin and handling Safety data sheet of the substances in processes used Classification and labeling of intermediate and end products Documentation of known waste analyzes 13

14 6. Step by Step approach for Assessment of Hazardous Properties in Practise Step 1: Investigation of the leachate The chemical analysis of the aqueous leachate will provide the information whether the waste is displaying the hazardous property HP15. Is the concentration of all parameters lower than the respective limit value, the hazardous properties HP1 to HP14 are examined. 14

15 5. Step by Step approach for Assessment of Hazardous Properties in Practise Step 1: Investigation of the leachate The chemical analysis of the aqueous leachate will provide the information whether the waste is displaying the hazardous propertyhp 15. Is the concentration of all parameters lower than the respectivelimitvaluethewasteisnot hazardousbyhp 15. In a nextstepthehazardouspropertieshp1 HP 14 are examined. 15

16 5. Step by Step approach for Assessment of Hazardous Properties in Practise Step 1: Investigation of the leachate. Leachate (EN ) [mg/kg] Antimony > 0.7 Arsenic > 2 Barium > 100 Lead > 10 Cadmium > 1 Chrome, total > 10 Copper > 50 Nickel > 10 Mercury > 0.2 Selenium > 0.5 Zinc > 50 Cyanide, easily purgeable >5 Phenole > 500 ph-value <2,5 - > 11,5 16

17 5. Step by Step approach for Assessment of Hazardous Properties in Practise Step 2: Investigation of the Waste Composition (Total Contents of Parameters) The following parameters are relavantfor the chemical analysis of waste and the subsequent review for the assesssment as hazardous or non-hazardous. 17

18 Concentration Limit for Total Contents [mg/kg] Total Content [mg/kg] Metals Vanadium 25,000 Antimony 25,000 Copper 2,500 Cobalt 2,500 Silver 2,500 Barium 2,500 Zinc 2,500 Lead 2,500 Selen 2,500 Arsenic 1,000 Nickel 1,000 Chrome, Chrome-VI-compounds 1,000 Tin, organic compounds 1,000 Cadmium 1,000 Beryllium 1,000 Thallium 1,000 Mercury 1,000 Organic compounds Petroleum-derived hydrocarbon 1,000 Volatile halogenated hydrocarbons 1,000 BTEX 1,000 Polycylic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) 1,000 Benzo(a)pyren 50 PCP 5 POP, without PCB, PCDD/PCDF, PBDE und PFOS 50 PCB 50 Tetra-, Penta-, Hexa- und Hepta-BDE (Sum) 1,000 PFOS 10 PCDD/PCDF Others Pesticides 2,500 Artificial mineralfibres 1,000 Cyanides 1,000 Cyklical Amine 1,000 18

19 5. Step by Step approach for Assessment of Hazardous Properties in Practise Step 2: Investigation of the Waste Composition (Total Contents of Parameters) For metalsthis system applies only, if the specific metal compound contained in the waste is unknown. For a more detailed assessment, the next Table provides information on the relevant concentration limits for metal compounds displaying hazardous properties. 19

20 5. Step by Step approach for Assessment of Hazardous Properties in Practise HP4 HP5 HP6 HP7 HP8 HP10 HP11 HP13 HP14 Chemical Assessment and Properties of compounds of metals H314 H318 H315 H319 H370 H372 H371 H373 H304 H335 H300(1) H300(2) H301(3) H302(4) Blei C18 Y31 HM x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x H310(1) H310(2) Antimon C13 Y27 HM x x C6 Kupfer (C) Y22 HM x x x x C5 Nickel (C) HM x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Selen C9 Y25 HM x x x x x x x x x x x x x x C7 Zink P (C) Y23 x x x x x x x x x Arsen C8 Y24 HM x x x x x x x x x Beryllium C1 Y20 x x x x x x x x C3 Chrom-VI (C) Y21 HM x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Thallium C17 Y30 HM x x x x x x x x x x x x C12 Zinn (C) HM x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Cadmium C11 Y26 HM x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Quecksilber C16 Y29 HM x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Tellur C14 Y28 HM x x x x x x C2 Vanadium P (C) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x C4 Kobalt (C) x x x x x x x x x x C10 Silber (C) x x x C15 Barium (C) x x x x x x x x x Threshold value [%] /I [g/kg] H311(3) H312(4) H330(1) ,1 0, ,25 2, ,1 0,5 3,5 22,5 0, ,3 3 0, ,25 2,5 25 0,1 I I I I I I I I I I I , , , H330(2) H331(3) H332(4) Kat.1/2 H350 Kat.3 H351 H314 Kat.1/2 H360 H362 Kat.3 H361 Kat.1/2 H340 Kat.3 H341 H317 H334 H400 H410 H411 H412 H413 20

21 6. Specific Components of Specific Waste Types Metals Heavy metal means any compound of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium (VI), copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, tellurium, thallium and tin, as well as these materials in metallic form, as far as these are classified as hazardous substances. 21

22 6. Specific Components of Specific Waste Types Organic Parameters Petroleum -derived Hydrocarbon (PDH) This sumparametercovers PDH with10 to 40 carbon atoms (C10 to C40) limit value of 0,1 % (1,000 mg/kg) on the single substance for the classification as hazardous 22

23 6. Specific Components of Specific Waste Types Organic Parameters Polycyclic Aromatic Hydocarbons (PAH) Only 16 PAK after EPA (US-Environmenal Protection-Agency) are investigated by chemical analysis. limit value of 0.1 % (1,000 mg/kg) on the single substance for the classification tobehazardous Benzo[a]pyrene as a marker compound for carcinogenicity for certain coal tar entries (limit value of % = 50 mg/kg for classification to be hazardous) 23

24 6. Specific Components of Specific Waste Types Organic Parameters Polychlorinated Biphenyls(PCBs) PCBs include 209 individual substances. Six of the most relevant PCBscongeners are used as so-called Ballschmiter congeners in the conventional analysis (PCB-28, -52, -101, - 138, -153, -180). Wastes with a concentration limit of % (50 mg/kg) PCB are PCB-containing wastes, classified as hazardous waste. 24

25 6. Specific Components of Specific Waste Types Organic Parameters Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) BTEX is a group of related volatile organic compounds. Benzene as the substance with the highest danger potential is the main parameter with a concentration limit of 0.1 % (1,000 mg/kg), resultant from its carcinogenic effect. 25

26 6. Specific Components of Specific Waste Types Organic Parameters Volatile Hydrocarbons (VHC) Because most of VHCs areclassifiedasspecific target organ toxic, acute toxic, carcinogen and ecotoxic (Ocone),the concentration limit for the classification of VHC-containing wastes is 0.1 % (1,000 mg/kg). 26

27 6. Specific Components of Specific Waste Types Organic Parameters Persistent Organic pollutions (POPs) In Annex IV of the EU-Regulation 850/2004 a concentration limit of % (50 mg/kg) is fixed. If the limivalue is exceeded, the POP-containing waste must be destroyed. Meanwhile, hexachlorobutadiene, polychlorinated naphthalenes, short-chain chlorinated paraffins, endosulfan were included in the EC regulation 850/

28 6. Specific Components of Specific Waste Types Organic Parameters Persistent Organic pollutions (POPs) For polybrominateddiphenylether(pbde)a concentration limit value of 0.1 % (1,000 mg/kg), and perfluoroctansulfonic acid (PFOS) of0.05 % (50 mg/kg) was set as the limit. 28

29 6. Specific Components of Specific Waste Types Other Parameters For unknown pesticides, a concentration limit on the chemical classification for ecotoxic of 2.5 % (2,500 mg/kg) is applied. For materials containing asbestos in the chemical assessment the the concentration limit is 1,000 mg/kg because of the carcinogenicity. For cyanide containing wastes, in particular from metallurgical and galvanicprocesses andorganicsynthesis processes, concentration limit of 0.1 % (1, For the classification of amine(derivatives of ammonia with alkyl or aryl groups) containing wastes a concentration limit of 0.1 % (1,000 mg/kg) is applied because of the carcinogen properties of certain amines. 29

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