HEALTH EFFECTS OF SYNTHETIC SILICA PARTICULATES

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2 HEALTH EFFECTS OF SYNTHETIC SILICA PARTICULATES A symposium sponsored by ASTM Committee E-34 on Occupational Health and Safety and the Industrial Health Foundation Benalmadena-Costa (Torremolinos), Spain 5-6 Nov ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 732 D. D. Dunnom, PPG Industries, Inc., editor ASTM Publication Code Number (PCN) AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa

3 Copyright 9 by AMEnlCAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1981 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: NOTE The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication. Printed in Baltimore, Md. May 1981

4 Foreword The Symposium on Health Effects of Synthetic Silica Particulates was held 5-6 Nov in Benalmadena-Costa (Torremolinos), Spain. ASTM Committee E-34 on Occupational Health and Safety and the Industrial Health Foundation jointly sponsored the symposium. Paul Gross presided as symposium chairman; D. D. Dunnom served as symposium coordinator and edited this publication.

5 Related ASTM Publications Building Air Change Rate and Infiltration Measurements, STP 719 (1980), $21.00, Instrumentation for Monitoring Air Quality, STP 555 (1974), $19.75, Measurement of Nitrogen Dioxide Content in the Atmosphere Using ASTM D 1607, DS 55 (1974), $5.00, Measurement of Sulfur Dioxide Content in the Atmosphere Using ASTM D 2914, DS 55-S1 (1974), $5.00, Measurement of Total Sulfation in the Atmosphere Using ASTM D 2010, DS 55-$2 (1974), $5.00, Measurement of Particulate Matter in the Atmosphere Using ASTM D 1704, DS 55-$3 (1974), $5.00, Measurement to Dust Fall in the Atmosphere Using ASTM D 1739, DS 55-$4 (1974), $5.00, Measurement to Lead in the Atmosphere; Sampling Stacks for Particulates; and Determination of Oxides of Nitrogen in Combustion Products, DS 55-$5, $6, $8 (1975), $18.00, Interlaboratory Cooperative Study of the Precision of the Determination of the Average Velocity in a Duct Using ASTM D 3154, DS 55-$7 (1974), $5.00, Determination of Sulfur Oxides in Gaseous Combustion Products, DS 55-$9 (1976), $12.00, Determination of the Relative Density of Black Smoke Using ASTM D 3211, DS 55-S10 (1974), $5.00, NOTEwDS 55 and all supplements 1 through 10 may be purchased for $49.50,

6 A Note of Appreciation to Reviewers This publication is made possible by the authors and, also, the unheralded efforts of the reviewers. This body of technical experts whose dedication, sacrifice of time and effort, and collective wisdom in reviewing the papers must be acknowledged. The quality level of ASTM publications is a direct function of their respected opinions. On behalf of ASTM we acknowledge with appreciation their contribution. ASTM Committee on Publications

7 Editorial Staff Jane B. Wheeler, Managing Editor Helen M. Hoersch, Senior Associate Editor Helen P. Mahy, Senior Assistant Editor Allan S. Kleinberg, Assistant Editor

8 Contents Introduction The Surface Chemistry of Amorphous Synthetic Sillca--Interaction with Organic Molecules in an Aqueous Medium--R. K. ILER 3 21 Characterization of Silicon Dioxide Sudaces by Successive Determinations of the Solution Rate--H. BAUMANN 30 Evaluation of Potential Inhalation Hazard of Particulate Silicious Compounds by In Vitro Rabbit Alveolar Macrophage Tests-- Application to Industrial Particulates Containing Hazardous ImpuritlesmCATI~ERINE ARANYI, D. E. GARDNER, AND J. LEWTAS HUISINGH The Macrophage in Fibrogenesis by Quartz--A. G. HEPPLESTON 62 Effects of Synthetic Silicas on Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages In VitFO--REGINALD DAVIES Immunological Aspects of Silica--ROBERT BURRELL Characterization of the Inflammatory Response in Experimental Sillcosis--j. a. DAUBER, M. D. ROSSMAN, AND R. P. DANIELE Chronic Effects of Inhaled Amorphous Silicas in Animals-- D. H. GROTH, W. J. MOORMAN, D. W. LYNCH, L. E. STETTLER, W. D. WAGNER, AND R. W. HORNUNG Biological Action of Precipitation-Process Submicron Amorphous Silica (HI-SIL 233)--G. w. H, SCrmPERS Effects of Unmodified Natural and Coated Silicious Earth in a Long- Term Intraperitoneal Test in Rats--w. WELLER

9 Respiratory Effects of Inhaled Amorphous Siliea--R. I~EITIX WILSON, P. M. STEVENS, H. B. LOVEJOY, Z. G. BELL, AND R. C. RICHIE Possible Health Hazards from Different Types of Amorphous SlnCaS~J~GEN JAHR Summary 214 Index 221

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