AWS D1.4/D1.4M:2018 An American National Standard. Structural Welding Code Steel Reinforcing Bars

Transcription

1 An American National Standard Structural Welding Code Steel Reinforcing Bars

2 An American National Standard Approved by the American National Standards Institute February 27, 2018 Structural Welding Code Steel Reinforcing Bars 8th Edition Supersedes AWS D1.4/D1.4M:2011 Prepared by the American Welding Society (AWS) D1 Committee on Structural Welding Under the Direction of the AWS Technical Activities Committee Approved by the AWS Board of Directors Abstract This code covers the requirements for welding steel reinforcing bars in most reinforced concrete applications. It contains a body of rules for the regulations of welding steel reinforcing bars and provides suitable acceptance criteria for such welds.

3 ISBN Print: ISBN PDF: by American Welding Society All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Photocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, or educational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) ; Internet: < ii

4 Statement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American Welding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards. 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Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D1 Committee on Structural Welding and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committee s response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS D1 Committee on Structural Welding to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL iii

5 Foreword This foreword is not part of this standard but is included for informational purposes only. In 1961, the American Welding Society published its first reinforcing steel welding standard, AWS D , Recommended Practices for Welding Reinforcing Steel, Metal Inserts and Connections in Reinforced Concrete Construction. The D12 Committee was disbanded some time after publication of the 1961 code and before publication of the 1975 edition. The 1961 document was replaced with a greatly revised version, AWS D , Reinforcing Steel Welding Code, with the format patterned after the AWS D1.1-72, Structural Welding Code. The 1975 code was produced by the AWS Structural Welding Committee but was not renumbered to reflect this committee change. As with ANSI/AWS D1.1, AWS D was designed as a self-contained code, including within it the qualification of welders and procedures, and requirements for workmanship, quality, and inspection. The listings of materials and welding processes were revised in the D code. Items newly introduced were the carbon equivalent method for determining preheat, the parenthetical inclusion of metric (SI) conversions, and the two different methods of joint strength determination. The AWS D document was revised and the title changed to ANSI/AWS D1.4-79, Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel. Since the 1979 edition of ANSI/AWS D1.4, Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel, was issued, further use by designers, engineers, and fabricators has necessitated a number of changes to the requirements; the 1992, 1998, 2005, and 2011 editions reflected these changes. The evolution of AWS D1.4/D1.4M, Structural Welding Code Steel Reinforcing Bars, is shown below: AWS D AWS D ANSI/AWS D ANSI/AWS D ANSI/AWS D AWS D1.4/D1.4M:2005 AWS D1.4/D1.4M:2011 AWS D1.4/D1.4M:2018 Recommended Practices for Welding Reinforcing Steel, Metal Inserts and Connections in Reinforced Concrete Construction; Reinforcing Steel Welding Code; Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel; Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel; Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel; Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel; Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel; and Structural Welding Code Steel Reinforcing Bars. Changes in Code Requirements. Underlined text in the subclauses, tables, or figures indicates an editorial or technical change from the 2011 edition. A vertical line in the margin indicates a revision from the 2011 edition. vii

6 Clause/Table/ Figure/Annex Clause 1 Clause 2 Clause 3 Clause 4 Clause 5 Clause 6 Modification Summary of Changes Restructured to identify new safety and health information; new materials added. GTAW is now permitted as a prequalified welding process. New clause that lists all normative references. This replaces subclause 1.9 from the 2011 edition. New clause that provides terms and definitions specific to this standard. It replaces subclause 1.5 from the 2011 edition. Previously Clause 2 in the 2011 edition. Base metal stresses and allowable stresses in welds were removed and replaced with new content on the design of welded joints. New Table 4.1 covers design strength and the allowable strength of welded joints. Previously Clause 3 in the 2011 edition. New content on lap joints: bar diameter range, effects of eccentricity, and lap joints in an anchorage. Figures 5.1 through 5.5 modified for clarification. Previously Clause 4 in the 2011 edition. New content on foreign materials and coatings, weld size. Figures 6.1 revised for clarity. Figure 6.2 extensively revised to include new schedules for weld profiles. Clause 7 Previously Clause 5 in the 2011 edition. New content on GTAW electrodes and filler metals. Tables 7.1 revised to include several A5 filler metal specifications, most notably AWS A5.36. Clause 8 Previously Clause 6 in the 2011 edition. Table 8.2 revised to include GTAW, bar diameter groups, and AWS A5.36. Figure 8.5 revised for clarity. Figure 8.8 is new. Clause 9 Previously Clause 7 in the 2011 edition. Radiographic methodology shall now conform to ASTM E94. Annex A Commentary Sample forms now include GTAW. Commentary is new for this edition. This is a practice used by other D1 codes and as such will now be included as part of this standard. Informative Annexes. These annexes are not code requirements but are provided to clarify code provisions by showing examples, providing information, or suggesting alternative good practices. Errata. It is the Structural Welding Committee s Policy that all errata should be made available to users of this code. Therefore, any significant errata will be published in the Society News Section of the Welding Journal and posted on the AWS web site at: Suggestions. Your comments for improving AWS D1.4/D1.4M:2018, Structural Welding Code Steel Reinforcing Bars are welcome. Submit comments to the Managing Director, Standards Development, American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166; telephone (305) ; fax (305) ; info@aws.org; or via the AWS web site < viii

7 Table of Contents Page No. Personnel v Foreword vii List of Tables xi List of Figures xi 1. General Requirements Scope Units of Measurement Safety Application Steel Reinforcing Bar Base Metal Welding Processes Normative References Terms and Definitions Design of Welded Joints Design Basis Effective Weld Areas, Lengths, Throats, and Sizes Other Limit States Structural Details Transition in Bar Size Number Joint Types Direct Butt Joints Indirect Butt Joints Lap Joints Lap Joints in an Anchorage Interconnection of Precast Members Workmanship Preparation of Base Metal Assembly Control of Distortion, Shrinkage, and Heat Quality of Welds Technique Filler Metal Requirements Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements Welding Environment Arc Strikes Weld Cleaning Tack Welds Progression of Welding Welding of Coated Base Metal SMAW Electrodes GMAW Electrodes FCAW Electrodes ix

8 7.12 GTAW Electrodes and Filler Metals Shielding Gas Qualification General WPS Qualification Welder Qualification Retests Period of Effectiveness Records Inspection General Conditions Inspection of Base Metals Inspection of WPS Qualification and Equipment Inspection of Welder Qualifications Inspection of Work and Records Obligations of the Contractor Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification Radiographic Testing Annex A (Informative) Sample Welding Forms Annex B (Informative) Nominal Dimensions of ASTM Standard Reinforcing Bars Annex C (Informative) Temperature Moisture Content Charts Annex D (Informative) Requesting an Official Interpretation on an AWS Standard Commentary List of AWS Documents on Structural Welding x

9 Tables List of Tables Page No. 4.1 Design Strength and Allowable Strength of Welded Joints CJP Groove Weld Requirements for Direct Butt Joints Radiographic Acceptance Criteria Matching Filler Metal Requirements Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperatures Permissible Atmospheric Exposure of Low-Hydrogen Electrodes Prequalified WPS Fillet Weld Requirements PQR Essential Variable Changes Requiring WPS Requalification for SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, and FCAW Number and Type of Tests for WPS Qualification Macroetch Acceptance Criteria Welder Qualification Number, Type of Test, Production Welds, and Positions Qualified Hole-Type Image Quality Indicator (IQI) Requirements Figures List of Figures Page No. 4.1 Effective Throat for Flare-Groove Welds Direct Butt Joints Showing Transition Between Bars of Different Sizes Direct Butt Joints Indirect Butt Joints Lap Joints Details of Joints of Anchorages, Base Plates, and Inserts Minimum Distance to Cold Bending Radius Tangent Points Acceptable and Unacceptable Weld Profiles Direct Butt Joint Test Positions for Groove Welds Indirect Butt Joint Test Positions for Flare-Groove Welds or Fillet Welds Positions of Groove Welds Positions of Fillet Welds Full-Section Tension Test Specimens for WPS Qualification Tests Full-Section Tension Test and Macroetch Test Specimens for Welder Qualification Tests Bend Test Specimen for Welder Qualification Tests Flare-Bevel Groove Weld Effective Throat Source Position Film Placement C.1 Temperature Moisture Content Chart to be Used in Conjunction with Testing Program to Determine Extended Atmospheric Exposure Time of Low-Hydrogen Electrodes C.2 Application of Temperature Moisture Content Chart in Determining Atmospheric Exposure Time of Low-Hydrogen Electrodes xi

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11 Structural Welding Code Steel Reinforcing Bars 1. General Requirements 1.1 Scope This code shall apply to the welding of the following: (1) Steel reinforcing bar to steel reinforcing bar, and (2) Steel reinforcing bar to carbon or low-alloy structural steel. When this code is stipulated in contract documents, conformance with all provisions shall be required, except for those provisions that the Engineer or contract documents specifically modifies or exempts. 1.2 Units of Measurement This standard makes use of both the U.S. Customary Units and the International System of Units (SI); the latter are shown within brackets ([ ]) or in appropriate columns in tables and figures. The measurements may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently. 1.3 Safety Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this standard; some safety and health information provided, but such issues are not fully addressed herein. Safety and Health information is available from the following sources: American Welding Society: (1) ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes (2) AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheets (3) Other safety and health information on the AWS website Material or Equipment Manufacturers: (1) Safety Data Sheets supplied by the materials manufacturers (2) Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturers Applicable Regulatory Agencies: Work performed in accordance with this standard may involve the use of materials that have been deemed hazardous, and may involve operations or equipment that may cause injury or death. This standard does not purport to address all safety and health risks that may be encountered. The user of this standard should establish an appropriate safety program to address such risks as well as to meet applicable regulatory requirements. ANSI Z49.1 should be considered when developing the safety program. 1